Gastric mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma represents approximately 40% of gastric lymphomas, and its incidence is increasing. An early diagnosis for gastric MALT lymphoma is important, but not easy due to non-specific symptoms and endoscopic findings. Diagnosis is based on the histopathologic evaluation of multiple, deep and repeated biopsies taken from normal and any abnormal appearing sites of the stomach. In addition, the presence of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) infection must be determined to determine therapeutic approach. Endoscopic ultrasonography (EUS) is essential for the evaluation of regional lymph nodes and the depth of tumor invasion in the gastric wall, for predicting response to H. pylori eradication, and for monitoring tumor regression or recurrence. The eradication of H. pylori is recommended as an initial treatment for low-grade gastric MALT lymphoma with H. pylori infection. Both radiation therapy and chemotherapy are suitable alternative options for H. pylori-negative, refractory, or high-grade gastric MALT lymphoma. But, the role of surgery is diminishing. After treatment, strict endoscopic regular follow-up including EUS is recommended with multiple biopsies. However, controversy remains regarding the best diagnosis, treatment and follow-up strategy for this disease.
Biopsy, Fine-Needle ; Endosonography ; Gastroscopy ; Helicobacter Infections/complications/drug therapy ; Humans ; Lymphoma, B-Cell, Marginal Zone/complications/*diagnosis/therapy ; Stomach Neoplasms/complications/*diagnosis/therapy

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Helicobacter pylori eradication therapy has been used as a first-line treatment for H. pylori-positive gastric mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma. However, the management strategy for H. pylori-negative MALT lymphoma remains controversial. Therefore, the aim of this study was to examine the success rate of each treatment option for H. pylori-positive and H. pylori-negative gastric MALT lymphomas. METHODS: In total, 57 patients with gastric MALT lymphoma diagnosed between December 2000 and June 2012 were enrolled in the study. The treatment responses were compared between H. pylori-positive and H. pylori-negative gastric MALT lymphomas. RESULTS: Of the 57 patients, 43 (75%) had H. pylori infection. Forty-eight patients received H. pylori eradication as a first-line treatment, and complete remission was achieved in 31 of the 39 patients (80%) with H. pylori-positive MALT lymphoma and in five (56%) of the nine patients with H. pylori-negative MALT lymphoma; no significant difference was observed between the groups (p=0.135). The other treatment modalities, including radiation therapy, chemotherapy, and surgery, were effective irrespective of H. pylori infection status, with no significant difference in the treatment response between H. pylori-positive and H. pylori-negative MALT lymphomas. CONCLUSIONS: H. pylori eradication therapy may be considered as a first-line treatment regardless of H. pylori infection status.
Adult ; Aged ; Antineoplastic Agents/therapeutic use ; Female ; Gastric Mucosa ; Gastroscopy/*methods ; Helicobacter Infections/complications/*therapy ; *Helicobacter pylori ; Humans ; Lymphoma, B-Cell, Marginal Zone/complications/*therapy ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Retrospective Studies ; Stomach Neoplasms/complications/*therapy ; Treatment Outcome

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Eradication of Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is accepted as initial treatment of stage IE1 gastric mucosa associated lymphoid tissue (MALT) lymphoma. However, 10-20% of gastric low grade MALT lymphomas are unresponsive to H. pylori eradication treatment. The aim of this study was to find out the predictive factors of complete remission of gastric MALT lymphoma after H. pylori eradication. METHODS: From 1995 to 2006, consecutive 95 patients with modified Ann Arbor stage I(E1) gastric MALT lymphoma were enrolled, and their medical records were reviewed. The patients were initially treated by H. pylori eradication. The complete remission was determined by endoscopic and histologic finding. RESULTS: Eighty eight patients (92.6%) achieved complete remission after H. pylori eradication therapy. Mean follow up time for these patients was 40+/-25 months. Seven patients (7.4%) failed to achieve complete remission. There was no significant difference in the age, sex, endoscopic appearance, and large cell component between the remission group and failure group. Among 66 patients with distal tumor, 65 patients (98.5%) achieved complete remission. On the other hand, among 13 patient with proximal tumor, 9 patients (69.2%) achieved complete remission (p=0.001). The odds ratio of proximal tumor for H. pylori eradication failure was 28.9 (95% CI=2.9-288.0). CONCLUSIONS: The proximally location of MALT lymphoma is a risk factor of the H. pylori eradication treatment failure. Therefore, the proximally located gastric MALT lymphoma should be carefully treated and followed.
Adult ; Age Factors ; Aged ; Female ; Gastroscopy ; Helicobacter Infections/complications/*drug therapy/pathology ; *Helicobacter pylori ; Humans ; Lymphoma, B-Cell, Marginal Zone/complications/*pathology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasm Staging ; Odds Ratio ; Predictive Value of Tests ; Risk Factors ; Sex Factors ; Stomach Neoplasms/complications/*pathology

Helicobacter pylori can cause variety of upper gastrointestinal disorders such as peptic ulcer, mucosa associated lymphoid tissue (MALT)-lymphoma, and gastric cancer. The prevalence of H. pylori infection has significantly decreased in Korea since 1998 owing to active eradication of H. pylori. Along with its decrease, the prevalence of peptic ulcer has also decreased. However, the mean age of gastric ulcer increased and this is considered to be due to increase in NSAID prescription. Gastric cancer is one of the leading causes of cancer deaths in Korea and Japan, and IARC/WHO has classified H. pylori as class one carcinogen of gastric cancer. Despite the decreasing prevalence of H. pylori infection, the total number of gastric cancer in Korea has continuously increased from 2006 to 2011. Nevertheless, the 5 year survival rate of gastric cancer patients significantly increased from 42.8% in 1993 to 67% in 2010. This increase in survival rate seems to be mainly due to early detection of gastric cancer and endoscopic mucosal dissection treatment. Based on these findings, the prevalence of peptic ulcer is expected to decrease even more with H. pylori eradication therapy and NSAID will become the main cause of peptic ulcer. Although the prevalence of gastric cancer has not changed along with decreased the prevalence of H. pylori, gastric cancer is expected to decrease in the long run with the help of eradication therapy and endoscopic treatment of precancerous lesions.
Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use ; Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal/adverse effects ; Gastrointestinal Diseases/complications/*epidemiology ; Helicobacter Infections/complications/drug therapy/epidemiology ; Humans ; Lymphoma, B-Cell, Marginal Zone/epidemiology ; Peptic Ulcer/epidemiology/etiology ; Prevalence ; Stomach Neoplasms/etiology/mortality/pathology

Since the Korean College of Helicobacter and Upper Gastrointestinal Research has first developed the guideline for the diagnosis and treatment of Helicobacter pylori infection in 1998, the revised guideline was proposed in 2009 by the same group. Although the revised guideline was made by comprehensive review of previous articles and consensus of authoritative expert opinions, the evidence-based developmental process was not applied in the revision of the guideline. This new guideline has been revised especially in terms of changes in the indication and treatment of H. pylori infection in Korea, and developed by the adaptation process as evidence-based method; 6 guidelines were retrieved by systematic review and the Appraisal of Guidelines for Research and Evaluation (AGREE) II process, 21 statements were made with grading system and revised by modified Delphi method. After revision, 11 statements for the indication of test and treatment, 4 statements for the diagnosis and 4 statements for the treatment have been developed, respectively. The revised guideline has been reviewed by external experts before the official endorsement, and will be disseminated for usual clinical practice in Korea. Also, the scheduled update and revision of the guideline will be made periodically.
Amoxicillin/therapeutic use ; Anti-Bacterial Agents/therapeutic use ; Aspirin/therapeutic use ; Bismuth/therapeutic use ; Breath Tests ; Clarithromycin/therapeutic use ; Gastroesophageal Reflux/etiology ; Gastroscopy ; Helicobacter Infections/complications/*diagnosis/drug therapy ; *Helicobacter pylori ; Humans ; Lymphoma, B-Cell, Marginal Zone/complications ; Metaplasia/complications ; Metronidazole/therapeutic use ; Peptic Ulcer/complications/drug therapy ; Proton Pump Inhibitors/therapeutic use ; Republic of Korea ; Stomach Neoplasms/complications/surgery ; Tetracycline/therapeutic use

Helicobacter pylori (H. pylori) is known to be associated with many gastrointestinal diseases including peptic ulcer. In Korea, eradication of H. pylori is recommended for peptic ulcer disease, low grade gastric mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma, and early gastric cancer. Standard triple therapy using proton pump inhibitor, clarithromycin, and amoxicillin and bismuth-containing quadruple therapy have been the main first-line and second-line therapy for H. pylori in Korea. Although eradication rate of second-line quadruple therapy remains similar to that of the past, the success rate of eradication with triple therapy has decreased with increasing antimicrobial resistance to H. pylori. There is no standard third-line therapy, and some regimens that incorporate levofloxacin, moxifloxacin, and rifabutin can be used. New regimens such as sequential or concomitant therapy are suggested as alternative treatment for H. pylori. We need more well designed randomized controlled studies to choose proper treatment for H. pylori infection.
Amoxicillin/therapeutic use ; Anti-Bacterial Agents/*therapeutic use ; Clarithromycin/therapeutic use ; Drug Therapy, Combination ; Helicobacter Infections/complications/*drug therapy ; *Helicobacter pylori ; Humans ; Lymphoma, B-Cell, Marginal Zone/complications ; Peptic Ulcer/complications ; Proton Pump Inhibitors/therapeutic use ; Republic of Korea ; Stomach Neoplasms/complications

No abstract available.
Amoxicillin/therapeutic use ; Anti-Bacterial Agents/*therapeutic use ; Clarithromycin/therapeutic use ; Drug Therapy, Combination ; Helicobacter Infections/complications/*drug therapy ; *Helicobacter pylori ; Humans ; Lymphoma, B-Cell, Marginal Zone/complications ; Peptic Ulcer/complications ; Proton Pump Inhibitors/therapeutic use ; Republic of Korea ; Stomach Neoplasms/complications

Monoclonal gammopathy occurs in one-third of the patients with mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma (MALT lymphoma). However, monoclonal gammopathy has been rarely reported in Korea. Paraprotenemia accompanying MALT lymphoma is strongly correlated with involvement of the bone marrow, and this involvement leads to the progression of the disease. Here, we present a case of a 66-yr-old man diagnosed with IgM monoclonal gammopathy and stage IV extranodal marginal zone lymphoma of the small intestine, with the involvement of the bone marrow.
Aged ; Antineoplastic Agents/therapeutic use ; Bone Marrow/pathology ; Drug Therapy, Combination ; Electrophoresis, Polyacrylamide Gel ; Humans ; Immunoglobulin M/analysis ; Intestinal Neoplasms/complications/drug therapy/*pathology ; Lymphatic Metastasis ; Lymphoma, B-Cell, Marginal Zone/complications/drug therapy/*pathology ; Male ; Neoplasm Staging ; Paraproteinemias/blood/complications/*pathology ; Positron-Emission Tomography ; Tomography, X-Ray Computed

Korea and Japan show the highest incidence of gastric cancer and Helicobacter pylori infection. New 2013 guidelines on H. pylori infection differ between the two countries with regard to the indications for H. pylori eradication, diagnostic methods, and treatment regimens. Indications for eradication in Korean guideline focus on specific diseases such as peptic ulcer disease, low-grade gastric mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma, and after resection of early gastric cancer, while Japanese guideline includes all H. pylori-associated gastritis for the prevention of dissemination. With regard to the diagnosis, either noninvasive or invasive method (except for bacterial culture) is recommended in Korea, while two noninvasive tests including serum anti-H. pylori IgG antibody level are preferred in Japan. As for the treatment regimens, second-line treatment (quadruple bismuth-containing regimen) is recommended without first-line triple therapy in areas of high clarithromycin resistance in Korea. However, there is no bismuth-based second-line treatment in Japan, and the Japanese regimen consists of a lower dose of antibiotics for a shorter duration (7 days). Such discrepancies between the two countries are based not only on the differences in the literature search and interpretation, but also on the different approvals granted by the national health insurance system, manufacturing process of the antibiotics, and diagnostic techniques in each country. Collaborations are required to minimize the discrepancies between the two countries based on cost-effectiveness.
Anti-Bacterial Agents/pharmacology/*therapeutic use ; Antibodies/blood ; Bismuth/pharmacology/therapeutic use ; Disease Eradication/trends ; Drug Administration Schedule ; Guidelines as Topic ; Helicobacter Infections/complications/diagnosis/*drug therapy ; *Helicobacter pylori/drug effects/immunology ; Humans ; Japan ; Lymphoma, B-Cell, Marginal Zone/complications/surgery ; Republic of Korea ; Stomach Neoplasms/complications/surgery

<b>OBJECTIVEb>To evaluate the clinicopathological features and prognosis of primary hepatic lymphoma (PHL).

<b>METHODSb>Thirty-five patients with PHL who underwent surgical resection and were confirmed by pathology in our hospital from 1982 to 2012 were re-evaluated for clinicopathological data, including their symptoms, radiological features, recurrence interval, histopathological properties and prognosis.

<b>RESULTSb>Of the 35 patients, 25 were men (71.4%) and 10 were women (28.6%), with an average age of 52.6 years old (range, 17-79 years). Presented symptoms were epigastric phymatosis, abdominal pain and low-grade fever. In the present study, 21 (60.0%) patients were positive for HBsAg, 1(2.9%) patient was positive for anti-HCV, 3 patients were positive for AFP, 12 patients and 2 patients were complicated by cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma, respectively. Pathologically, 35 PHL were classified into 19 DLBCL (54.3%), 13 T cell-lymphoma (37.1%), and 3 MALT lymphoma (8.6%). Patients with DCBCL showed better postoperative survival than patients with T cell-lymphoma (31.7 ± 3.2) months vs. (22.9 ± 2.2) months (P < 0.05).

<b>CONCLUSIONSb>Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection may contribute to the pathogenesis of Chinese patients with PHL. Surgical resection followed by comprehensive therapy is the first-line option for PHL. The prognosis of patients with PHL is associated with PHL subtypes.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Antigens, CD20 ; metabolism ; Antineoplastic Combined Chemotherapy Protocols ; therapeutic use ; Carcinoma, Hepatocellular ; pathology ; therapy ; virology ; Chemotherapy, Adjuvant ; Cyclophosphamide ; therapeutic use ; Doxorubicin ; therapeutic use ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Hepatitis B ; complications ; Hepatitis B Surface Antigens ; metabolism ; Hepatitis C Antibodies ; metabolism ; Humans ; Leukocyte Common Antigens ; metabolism ; Liver Cirrhosis ; complications ; Liver Neoplasms ; pathology ; therapy ; virology ; Lymphoma ; pathology ; therapy ; virology ; Lymphoma, B-Cell, Marginal Zone ; pathology ; therapy ; virology ; Lymphoma, Large B-Cell, Diffuse ; pathology ; therapy ; virology ; Lymphoma, T-Cell ; pathology ; therapy ; virology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Prednisone ; therapeutic use ; Retrospective Studies ; Survival Rate ; Vincristine ; therapeutic use ; Young Adult ; alpha-Fetoproteins ; metabolism