No abstract available.
Diagnosis, Differential* ; Lymphatic Diseases*

PURPOSE: To evaluate the characteristic CT findings of neuroblastoma, we studied neurobalstomas. METHODS AND MATERIALS: We analysed CT findings of available 25 cases among pathologically proved 51 neurobalstomas from Jan. 1983 to Sept. 1990. RESULTS: The most frequent site of origin is adrenl gland (40%) and the second is retroperitoneum (32%) and the third ismediastinum (16%). Characteristic CT findings are as follows:Calcifications within the tumor is detected in 86% of abdominal neuroblastomas and 50% of mediastinal origin. Hemorrhagic and necrotic changes within the tumor is noted at 86% in the tumor of abdominal origin and 25% in mediastinal neuroblastomas. Contrast enhanced study showed frequently septated enhanced appearance with/without solid contrast enhancement. Encasements of major great vessels such as aorta and IVC with/without displacement by metastatic lymphnodes or tumor are frequently seen in 90% of abdominal neuroblastomas. Multiple lymphadenopathy are detected in 95% of abdominal neurobalstomas and 25% of mediastinal neuroblastomas. The most common organ of contiguous direct invasion is kidney in 6 cases and the next one is liver but intraspinal canal invasion is also noted in 2 cases. CONCLUSION: We concluded that diagnosis of neuroblastoma would be easily obtained in masses of pediatric group from recognition of above characteristic findings.
Aorta ; Diagnosis ; Kidney ; Liver ; Lymphatic Diseases ; Neuroblastoma*

Kimura's disease is a benign chronic inflammatory condition with good prognosis, commonly involving the head and neck area. With regard to thoracic manifestation, however, the information contained in the literature is limited. The diagnosis of Kimura's disease on the basis of imaging is difficult, especially in thoracic cases manifesting as lymphadenopathy. The purpose of this report is to illustrate and discuss a thoracic case of the disease manifesting as lymphadenopathy.
Diagnosis ; Head ; Lymphatic Diseases ; Neck ; Prognosis ; Thorax*

Kimura's disease is a benign chronic inflammatory condition with good prognosis, commonly involving the headand neck area. With regard to abdominal manifestat ions, howeve r, the information contained in the literature islimited. Diagnosis on the basis of imaging is difficult, especially in abdominal cases manifesting aslymphadenopathy. The purpose of this report is to illustrate and discuss an abdominal case of the diseasemanifesting as lymphadenopathy.
Diagnosis ; Ions ; Lymphatic Diseases ; Neck ; Prognosis

Goiter, Nodular ; complications ; diagnosis ; Humans ; Lymphatic Diseases ; complications ; diagnosis ; Thyroidectomy

PURPOSE: To determine the HRCT finding of pulmonary cryptococcosis in immunocompetent patients. MATERIALS AND METHODS: The HRCT scans and chest radiographs of five patients with pulmonary cryptococcosis were retrospectively reviewed, the diagnosis being proven by the presence of the organism in histopathologic specimens obtained during CT-guided biopsy (n = 4) or medistinoscopic biopsy (n = 1). All patients were immunocompetent. HRCT scans and chest radiographs were characterized according to morphology [consoli-dation, nodule, ground-glass opacity (GGO), interstitial thickening], location, airbronchogram, and the pres-ence or absence of mediastinal or hilar lymphadenopathy. RESULTS: Consolidation was present in three of five patients, and in two of the three, ill-defined, spiculated nodules were also present. One patient had multiple, small, well-defined nodules. One had diffuse interstitial thickening (GGO, nodular thickening of bronchovascular bundles and interlobular septa), with massive mediastinal and right hilar lymphadenopathy. The location of the consolidation and nodules was mainly peripheral, and in three patients with consolidation, the presence of air bronchograms was noted. CONCLUSION: The HRCT findings of pulmonary cryptococcosis in immunocompetent patients are peripheral consolidation with airbronchogram and/or ill defined nodules.
Biopsy ; Cryptococcosis* ; Diagnosis ; Humans ; Lymphatic Diseases ; Radiography, Thoracic ; Retrospective Studies

Cervical tuberculous lymphadenopathy is a common form of extrapulmonary tuberculosis (TB). Fine-needle aspiration is the first step in lymph node evaluation; excisional biopsy is an alternative tool. TB culture and drug sensitivity testing must feature in any initial evaluation. A 6-month short course of a four-drug combination of anti-TB medications is standard. Paradoxical aggravation of lymphadenopathy during and after treatment poses a diagnostic challenge. Although the condition usually resolves spontaneously, microbiological considerations are appropriate and an alternative diagnosis should be contemplated.
Biopsy ; Biopsy, Fine-Needle ; Diagnosis ; Lymph Nodes ; Lymphatic Diseases* ; Tuberculosis

PURPOSE: To evaluate the CT findings of bronchial anthracofibrosis. MATERIAL AND METHOD: Fourteen patientswith bronchoscopically confirmed anthracofibrosis were involved in this study. CT findings (n=12) wereretrospectively analysed ; the pattern, distribution and extent of bronchial and parenchymal abnormalities andadditional findings such as mediastinal lymphadenopathy and pleural effusion were assessed. Age, sex, andoccupational and disease history were also reviewed. RESULT: Patients were aged between 63 and 95 (mean,71.3)years, and ten were female. Only one patient had an occupational history, but four had a history of pulmonarytuberculosis. Frequent radiologic findings were bronchial wall thickening(n=6), atelectasis(n=8), mediastinallymphadenopathy(n=7) and mass(n=4). Other accompanying findings were bronchial wall calcification(n=3),consolidation(n=2) and pleural effusion(n=2). Right upper (n=7) and right middle lobe(n=7) were the most commonlyinvolved sites, and multifocal involvement(n=7) was frequent. CONCLUSION: Bronchial wall thickening, atelectasisand mediastinal lymphadenopathy were characteristic CT findings of anthracofibrosis. When such findings are notedin older or aged female patients, anthracofibrosis should be included in the differential diagnosis.
Diagnosis, Differential ; Female ; Humans ; Lymphatic Diseases ; Pleural Effusion ; Pneumoconiosis

PURPOSE: To evaluate the vascular pattern of lymph nodes, and the usefulness of color Doppler sonogaphy indifferentiating benign from malignant superficial lymphadenopathy. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Twenty-six patientswere pathologically and clinically confirmed to be suffering from benign reactive lymphadenitis and tuberculosis(n=16) or lymphoma and malignant lymphadenitis (n=10). Lymph node shape was assessed by the ratio of longitudinaldiameter to transverse diameter(L/T), and patients were thus assigned to one of two groups : L/T >or =2, or L/T<2.The hilar vascular pattern of lymph node was assessed by color Doppler sonography and classified as central,eccentric, or absent. On the basis of peripheral vascularity, patients were divided into three groups according tocircumferental linear vascularity. An absence of peripheral vascularity was classified as grade 0. If less thanhalf the periphery was covered by linear vascularity, a patient was assigned to as grade I, and if more than halfwas covered by a vessel, the classification was grade II. RESULTS: Statistically significant differences in L/Tratio were noted between malignant and benign node (p<.001). Of the 16 benign reactive nodes, 13 showed L/T >or =2,and 3 L/T<2. while in nine of the ten malignant nodes, L/T<2 was noted. Among 16 benign reactive nodes, hilarvascularity was central in 13, eccentric in one, and absent in two. Among the ten malignant nodes, thecorresponding totals were nil, four, and Six. The hilar vascular pattern showed statistically significantdifferentiation between malignant and benign node (p<.05). Among 16 benign reactive nodes, 13 were grade 0, twowere grade I, and one was grade II, while among ten malignant nodes, two were grade 0 and eight were grade I. Onthe basis of vascular pattern, the difference between benign and malignant nodes was statistically significant(p<.05). CONCLUSION: L/T ratio<2, absent or eccentric hilar vascularity, and the presence of peripheralvascularity are suggestive of malignant lymph node. The shape of LN and pattern revealed by an analysis of nodalvascularity using color Doppler sonography are useful in differential diagnosis of benign and malignantlymphadenopathy.
Classification ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Humans ; Lymph Nodes ; Lymphadenitis ; Lymphatic Diseases* ; Lymphoma

PURPOSE: To assess and compare CT findings of surgically confirmed cases of tuboovarian abscesses (TOA) and endometriosis in order to identify indicators which may be helpful in making correct preoperative diagnoses. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Of the 35 consecutive patients with surgically confirmed TOA, CT images were available for 11 of those patients. As a comparative group, 36 patients with surgically confirmed endometriosis with CT images were selected. CT images of TOA were compared with those of endometriosis. A retrospective analysis of the CT images of both groups was performed without knowledge of the pathologic diagnosis. The analysis compared the thickness and enhancement pattern of the cyst wall, attenuation of the cyst content, size and shape of the cyst, and paraaortic lymphadenopathy. RESULTS: Mean thickness of the cyst wall was 6.2+/-2.0 mm in TOA and 4.5+/-2.4 mm in endometriosis. Multilayered appearance in both diseases was seen on enhanced CT in 91% (10/11) of TOA cases and in 25% (9/36) of endometriosis cases. Hounsefield units of the cyst contents were 20.0+/-5.5 HU and 24.7+/-10.0 HU for TOA and endometriosis, respectively. Mean diameter of the cysts was 7.5+/-1.7 cm in TOA and 7.9+/-3.1 in endometriosis. Shape of the cyst was multilocular in 82% (9/11) of TOA cases and in 75% (27/36) of endometriosis cases. Paraaortic lymphadenopathy was present in 73% (8/11) and 44% (16/36) for TOA and endometriosis, respectively. CONCLUSION: TOA should be suspected on CT when a multilocular cystic ovarian mass is observed, especially if the lesion has a thick wall and has a multilayered appearance, and is accompanied by paraaortic lymphadenopathy.
Abscess* ; Diagnosis ; Endometriosis* ; Female ; Humans ; Lymphatic Diseases ; Retrospective Studies