Cryptococcosis ; Groin ; Humans ; Lymph Nodes ; microbiology ; Lymphadenitis ; microbiology

OBJECTIVETo investigate the role of lymphatics in bacterial translocation from intestine of rats with burn.

METHODSEscherichia coli (E. coli) labeled with chloromethylbenzamidodialkylcarbocyanine (CM-DIL) were prepared. Sixty adult male Wistar rats were randomly divided into scald group and sham injury group according to the envelope method, with 30 rats in each group. Rats in both groups were gavaged with 0.5 mL fluid containing CM-DIL-labeled E. coli. Rats in scald group were inflicted with 30% TBSA deep partial-thickness scald (verified by pathological section) and resuscitated with fluid. Rats in sham injury group were sham injured by bathing in 25 degrees C water for 10 s (verified by pathological section) and also received with fluid infusion. Mesenteric lymph node (MLN), liver, mesenteric lymph fluid (MLF), and liver vein blood (LVB) were harvested at post injury hour (PIH) 2, 24, and 72. Bacteria translocation was detected with fluorescent tracing technique and bacteria culture. The endotoxin content in above-mentioned four kinds of specimens was quantitatively determined with chromogenic substrate limulus amebocyte lysate. The carrying capacity of endotoxin in MLF and LVB was calculated. Data were processed with t test or one-way analysis of variance.

RESULTS(1) Living bacteria were in short-stick form, and they were seen moving in single or in doubles or triples in sample fluid. Dead bacteria were in irregular aggregates. Labeled bacteria in small amount were detected in sham injury group, their number peaked at PIH 24. A large amount of labeled bacteria were detected in scald group at PIH 2, which peaked at PIH 24 and decreased at PIH 72. The largest amount of labeled bacteria were found in MLN in scald group as compared to those in the other samples, and the number peaked at PIH 24 [(5872 +/- 1976) x 10(3) CFU/g], which was obviously higher than that [(216 +/- 110) x 10(3) CFU/g, t = 30.129, P = 0.000] in sham injury group. The number of bacteria decreased at PIH 72, but it was still significantly different from that in sham injury group ( t = 4.323, P = 0.000). The number of bacteria in LVB was the smallest. (2) 29 (24.2%) samples out of the 120 samples in sham injury group were positive for bacteria. 72 (60.0%) samples out of the 120 samples in scald group were positive for bacteria. No alive bacterium was detected at any time point in LVB sample in both group; the other three samples were detected with alive bacteria since PIH 2. There were more alive bacteria detected in MLN and liver as compared with the other two kinds of samples in scald group. The amount of bacteria in MLN, liver, and MLF in scald group were higher than those in sham injury group (with t value respectively 4.353, 4.354, 4.965, P values all equal to 0.000). (3) The endotoxin level in each kind of sample at each time point was obviously higher in scald group than that in sham injury group, and it peaked at PIH 2 in liver and MLF. The difference of endotoxin level among 4 kinds of samples in scald group at PIH 2 was statistically significant ( F = 258.47, P = 0.000), and the endotoxin level was higher in liver, MLN, and MLF. They were obviously higher than those in sham injury group (with t value respectively 43.378, 43.123, 22.423, P values all equal to 0.000). The endotoxin level in MLF was 9 times of that in LVB. (4) The carrying capacity of endotoxin in LVB and MLF at each time point in scald group was higher than that in sham injury group.

CONCLUSIONSCM-DIL marked bacteria can reflect the microbial translocation condition. The lymphatic route is an important pathway for bacteria translocation.

Animals ; Bacterial Translocation ; Burns ; microbiology ; Intestinal Mucosa ; microbiology ; Lymph Nodes ; microbiology ; Lymphatic System ; microbiology ; Lymphatic Vessels ; Male ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar

The significance of metastastic disease in the cervical lymph nodes has long been appreciated. The rich lymphatics of the upper aerodigestive tract explained the high incidence of cervical metastasis, occasional bilaterally spread. Even with appropriate treatment, cervical recurrences do occur. Nonetheless, with the resurgence of tuberculosis, the differential of tuberculous cervical lymphadenitis should be excluded. Appropriate modalities should be employed in making the appropriate diagnosis possible.
Aged ; Antitubercular Agents ; therapeutic use ; Female ; Humans ; Lymph Nodes ; microbiology ; pathology ; Tuberculosis, Lymph Node ; diagnosis ; drug therapy

This is a case report of mediastinal fungal granuloma in an immunocompetent host. The definite diagnosis was made by pathological biopsy via video-assisted thoracoscopy and silver methenamine staining showed aspergillus hyphae and spores in the epithelioid granuloma. In conclusion, opportunistic pathogenic fungi can cause granulomatous inflammation in mediastinal lymph nodes in an immunocompetent host, as it can do in an immunocompromised host. More attention should be paid on tissue biopsy and pathological examination to ensure a correct diagnosis for these kinds of cases.
Adolescent ; Fungi ; immunology ; pathogenicity ; Granuloma ; diagnostic imaging ; immunology ; microbiology ; Humans ; Immunocompromised Host ; immunology ; Lymph Nodes ; diagnostic imaging ; immunology ; microbiology ; Male ; Mediastinum ; diagnostic imaging ; Radiography

OBJECTIVETo investigate the possible role of mycobacteria in the pathogenesis of sarcoidosis.

METHODSWe used nested polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (nPCR-RFLP) and gene sequencing method to examine 31 formalin-fixed, paraffin-embedded specimens (including 19 skin lesions and 12 lymph nodes ) obtained from patients with sarcoidosis, 14 normal skin specimens, and 3 cutaneous tuberculosis specimens.

RESULTSThe 65kD mycobacterial heat shock protein gene was found in 4 out of 19 (21.1%) skin specimens of sarcoidosis. The mycobacteria included M. tuberculosis (n = 1), M. chelonei (n = 2), and M. gordonae (n = 1). Mycobacterial DNA was negative in 12 lymph node specimens and 14 normal skin specimens. M. tuberculosis gene was detected in all 3 specimens of cutaneous tuberculosis.

CONCLUSIONMycobacteria may play a role in the pathogenesis of cutaneous sarcoidosis.

Adult ; Aged ; DNA, Bacterial ; analysis ; Female ; Humans ; Lymph Nodes ; microbiology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Mycobacterium ; genetics ; isolation & purification ; Mycobacterium Infections ; microbiology ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length ; Sarcoidosis ; microbiology ; Skin ; microbiology ; Young Adult

OBJECTIVETo investigate the potential role of intestinal bifidobacteria in the pathogenesis of gut-origin bacteria/endotoxin translocation in scalded rats.

METHODSWistar rats inflicted with 30% III degree scalding on the back were employed as the model with the rats undergoing sham injury as the control. The intestinal bacteria/endotoxin translocation and the changes in cecal mucosal microflora were determined by routine methods. And the plasma IL-6 concentration was measured with ELISA.

RESULTSThe incident of bacterial translocation into internal organs increased markedly in scalded rats (P = 0.001). The plasma LPS levels on 1, 3 and 5 postburn days (PBDs) in scalded rat group were much higher than those in sham injury group. The number of bifidobacteria decreased sharply 20 - 250 fold, the fungi increased 5 - 60 fold and E. coli increased 0.5 - 30 fold in the caecal mucosal microflora in the scalding group. The ratio of bifidobacteria to E. coli in the scalding group (4 - 800:1) was much lower than that in the sham injury group (25000:1). Furthermore, the plasma IL-6 level increased evidently in the scalding group. It was indicated by further analysis that compared with the rats without bacterial translocation, the bifidobacteria decreased 120 fold, the fungal number increased 50 fold and the E. coli number increased 30 fold in the scalded rats. The bifidobacterial number in the caecal mucosal microflora was negatively correlated with the plasma concentrations of IL-6 and LPS (P < 0.01) in the scalding rat group, and the plasma concentration of IL-6 was significantly and positively correlated with that of LPS.

CONCLUSIONSevere scalding injury could lead to an the imbalance of intestinal microflora and the increased intestinal translocation of bacteria and LPS. The decrease of the ratio and number of bifidobacteria in the caecal mucosal microflora might be a contribute to the occurrence of postburn intestinal bacteria/endotoxin translocation.

Animals ; Bacterial Infections ; blood ; microbiology ; Bacterial Translocation ; physiology ; Bifidobacterium ; isolation & purification ; physiology ; Burns ; microbiology ; Colony Count, Microbial ; Escherichia coli ; isolation & purification ; physiology ; Female ; Interleukin-6 ; blood ; Intestines ; microbiology ; Kidney ; microbiology ; Lipopolysaccharides ; metabolism ; Liver ; microbiology ; Lymph Nodes ; microbiology ; Male ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Spleen ; microbiology ; Time Factors

OBJECTIVETo explore the clinical manifestation, immune abnormality and outcome of disseminated Bacille Calmette-Guérin (BCG) infection in children.

METHODThe clinical data of 18 children with disseminated BCG infection seen from January 2000 to December 2007 were analyzed retrospectively.

RESULTThirteen of the children were male among 18 patients. Disseminated infection first appeared in armpit lymph nodes ipsilateral to the vaccination site, then spread to lungs in 15, lymphnodes of mediastinum or abdominal cavity in 18, skin and soft tissues in 5, skeletons in 4, liver in 4, spleen in 8, kidney, adrenal gland or meninges in 3. Twelve children were diagnosed to have primary immunodeficiency; 3 had severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID); 7 had chronic granulomatous disease (CGD), 2 had IL-12/IFN-gamma passageway deficiency. Eleven of the 18 patients died, and the remaining 7 patients were followed up from 1 to 9 years and are alive at present, but presented recurrent skin and bone tuberculosis in 4 and recurrent other infection in 3.

CONCLUSIONMost Children with disseminated BCG infection had primary immunodeficiency. CGD and IL-12/IFN-gamma passageway deficiency accounted for considerable proportion, so special immune function should be detected in these patients. The prognosis was poor. The type of the immunodeficiency diseases should be identified in early stage and the specific immune treatment should be given to the patients.

BCG Vaccine ; adverse effects ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Humans ; Immunologic Deficiency Syndromes ; etiology ; Infant ; Lymph Nodes ; Male ; Mycobacterium bovis ; pathogenicity ; Retrospective Studies ; Tuberculosis ; immunology ; microbiology ; pathology

OBJECTIVETo explore the preventive effect of lanthanum chloride on enteral bacterial translocation in scalded rats.

METHODSNinety Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were employed in the study and randomly divided into three groups, i.e. normal control (A), burn control (B) and treatment (C) groups. Plasmid PUC19 labelled by JM109 was transfected to Escherichia coli (E. coli), so that restriction endonuclease finger - print image spectrum analysis could be applied to the tracing and quantification of the translocation of E. coli from intestine to mesenteric lymph nodes (MLNs) and blood. The intestinal tissue contents of endotoxin (ET), nitric oxide (NO), nitric oxide synthase (NOS), malondialdehyde (MDA) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) were determined.

RESULTSIt was identified that the bacteria in MLNs and blood exhibited the same gene map with those from gastric gavage in B and C groups. But the bacterial quantity in MLNs in C group on 3 postburn day (PBD) was much lower than that in B group (P < 0.05). The intestinal MDA content in C group on 1 and 3 PBDs was obviously higher than that in B group (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONBacteria (E. coli) could be translocated from gut to MLNs and blood, which could be evidently alleviated by lanthanum chloride by means of its bactericidal property, inhibition of NOS activity, so that NO production decreased, and its ability to increase SOD activity leading to less production of MDA.

Animals ; Burns ; drug therapy ; microbiology ; Endotoxins ; blood ; metabolism ; Escherichia coli ; drug effects ; growth & development ; metabolism ; Escherichia coli Infections ; blood ; microbiology ; prevention & control ; Female ; Intestines ; drug effects ; metabolism ; microbiology ; Lanthanum ; pharmacology ; Lymph Nodes ; drug effects ; microbiology ; Male ; Malondialdehyde ; blood ; metabolism ; Mesentery ; drug effects ; microbiology ; Nitric Oxide ; blood ; metabolism ; Nitric Oxide Synthase ; blood ; metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Superoxide Dismutase ; blood ; metabolism

OBJECTIVETo estimate the effect of the lymph duct ligation on systemic inflammatory factors and endotoxins during intestinal ischemia-reperfusion (I/R).

METHODSMale SD rats underwent occlusion of superior mesenteric artery for 60 min followed by reperfusion for 120 min plus lymph duct ligation or not. Forty rats were randomly divided into 4 groups: group A (blank); group B (sham); group C (intestinal I/R); group D (intestinal I/R plus lymph duct ligation). Mesenteric lymph nodes were harvested for standard bacteriologic cultures. The endotoxin, D-lactate, diamine oxidase (DAO), and cytokines in serum were detected.

RESULTSThe rates of bacterial translocation to mesenteric lymph nodes were 40% in group C and 20% in group D. No positive lymph node cultures were encountered in any of group A and B. The serum cytokines (except for sICAM-1) , D-lactate, DAO and endotoxin levels were lower in group D than those in group C (P<0.05), but both were higher than those in group A and B (P<0.05).

CONCLUSIONDuring intestinal I/R injury, blockage the lymph flow from gut into bloodstream decreases the levels of cytokines, and significantly attenuates the increase in intestinal permeability.

Animals ; Disease Models, Animal ; Inflammation ; Intestinal Diseases ; metabolism ; microbiology ; pathology ; Intestines ; blood supply ; pathology ; Ligation ; Lymph Nodes ; pathology ; Lymphatic System ; surgery ; Male ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Reperfusion Injury ; metabolism ; microbiology ; pathology

OBJECTIVETo study the role of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in the pathogenesis of sarcoidosis.

METHODSArchival material of 22 patients with a histologic diagnosis of sarcoidosis were retrieved. Real-time fluorescent polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was used to detect DNA fragments of the complex-specific insertion sequence IS6110 of Mycobacterium tuberculosis in formalin-fixed and paraffin-embedded biopsy samples.

RESULTSAmong the 22 samples studied, Mycobacterium tuberculosis DNA was detected in 11 cases. The sequence of PCR amplified IS6110 DNA fragments completely matched with the related sequence in Mycobacterium tuberculosis gene.

CONCLUSIONSMycobacterium tuberculosis DNA is identified in a certain proportion of patients with a clinicopathologic diagnosis of sarcoidosis. Mycobacterium tuberculosis may be an important etiologic agent, at least in some of these patients.

Adult ; DNA, Bacterial ; analysis ; Female ; Fluorescence ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Lymph Nodes ; microbiology ; pathology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Mycobacterium tuberculosis ; genetics ; isolation & purification ; Paraffin Embedding ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; methods ; Sarcoidosis ; microbiology ; pathology