BACKGROUND: The objective of this study was to investigate the potential link between myopia in adolescents and exposure to per- and polyfluoroalkyl substances (PFASs). METHODS: This investigation included 1971 subjects with accessible PFAS level data, myopia status, and associated variables from four cycles of the National Health and Nutritional Examination Survey (NHANES). The investigation focused on specific PFAS compounds found in the serum, including perfluorohexane sulfonate (PFHxS), perfluorononanoic acid (PFNA), perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA), and perfluorooctane sulfonic acid (PFOS), chosen for their frequent detection. Owing to the skewed nature of the PFAS level data, the PFAS levels were log-transformed (Ln-PFAS) prior to analysis. Logistic regression, restricted cubic spline modeling, subgroup analysis, and sensitivity analysis were used to examine the associations between exposure to PFASs and the onset of myopia. RESULTS: PFOA levels were significantly associated with myopia risk (OR: 1.33; 95% CI: 1.05-1.69; P = 0.019). More specifically, with respect to the first quartile, the second quartile (OR_Q2: 1.69; 95% CI: 1.16-2.46; P = 0.007), third quartile (OR_Q3: 1.45; 95% CI: 1.03-2.03; P = 0.035), and highest quartile (OR_Q4: 1.58; 95% CI: 1.12-2.21; P = 0.010) of participants presented with increased myopia risk. Mediation analysis revealed that PFOA and myopia risk were partially mediated by serum albumin (ALB), with a mediation percentage of 22.48% (P = 0.008). A nonlinear inverted U-shaped relationship was identified between the level of PFOA and myopia risk (P for nonlinearity = 0.005). CONCLUSION Our findings suggest a potential link between exposure to PFOA and the likelihood of myopia development in young individuals and a mediating effect of serum ALB on this relationship. Notably, PFOA was identified as a key PFAS significantly contributing to the observed link between PFAS exposure and myopia risk. The potential threat of PFOA to myopia should be examined further.
Humans ; Fluorocarbons/adverse effects* ; Myopia/blood* ; Adolescent ; Male ; Female ; Prevalence ; Environmental Exposure/adverse effects* ; Nutrition Surveys ; Environmental Pollutants/adverse effects* ; United States/epidemiology* ; Alkanesulfonic Acids/blood* ; Caprylates/blood* ; Serum Albumin/metabolism* ; Child ; Sulfonic Acids

Background Leber hereditary optic neuropathy (LHON) is a maternally inherited disease caused by mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) mutation with the common mutation sites of m.3460 G＞A,m.11778 G＞A and m.14484 T＞C,and other mutation sites are rare.Understanding the mutation type of mtDNA in LHON patients has an important clinical significance.Objective This study was to analyze the clinical features of LHON and detect the mitochondrial mutation.Methods Twelve unrelated Chinese patients who was diagnosed as LHON were included in Peking University People's Hospital from 2010 to 2014.The visual acuity,perimetry,ocular segment,visual evoked potential,fundus were binocularly examined.The peripheral blood of 4 ml was collected from each patient and mtDNA was amplified and sequenced by using PCR.Three common genetic mutation sites for LHON and other mutation sites were determined and analyzed.This study protocol was approved by Ethic Committee of Peking University People's Hospital and complied with Helsinki Declaration.Written informed consent was obtained from each patient prior to any medical examination.Results Of the 12 patients,11 were male and 1 was female.The visual acuity of both eyes reduced simultaneously in 7 patients,and the visual acuity of left eye and the right eye first reduced in 3 patients and 1 patient,respectively.There was no significant correlation in the visual impairment between the left and right eyes (P＞0.05).In the near vision of the patients,J7 was invisible in 18 eyes,and J7 were obtained in 3 eyes,J6 were obtained in 2 eyes and J2 was obtained in 1 eye.In the distant vision of the patients,hand movement was obtained in 1 eye,light perception was obtained in 1 eye,0.01-0.1 were obtained in 18 eyes and 0.12-0.3 were obtained in 2 eyes.The visual field defect of nasal lateral was found in 7 eyes,visual field defect of temporal lateral was found in 3 eyes and the visual field defect of central was found in 8 eyes.mtDNA sequencing revealed that m.3460 G＞A mutation was seen in 3 patients,m.11778 G＞A mutation was seen in 5 patients and m.14484 T＞C mutation was seen in 2 patients.In addition,other 2 mutations were found in 2 patients,which were m.3497 C＞T and m.10663 T＞C mutations at the MT-ND1 and MT-ND4L genes,respectively.Conclusions LHON is more common in male.Visual impairment shows the varying degrees between both eyes of patients and appears to be severe in near vision.Central visual field defect is common in LHON patients.This study detects m.3497 C＞T and m.10663 T＞C mutation in Chinese LHON patients.

Objective To explore the effect of the nursing risk assessment and early warning intervention mode in decreasing the risk of the clinical administration .Methods The risk management theory was applied in the nursing management of clinical administration , and the nursing risk of clinical administration was effectively evaluated through the failure mode and effect analysis of the risk management tool .The early warning intervention of different grades was carried out according to the Risk Priority Number ( RPN) .Results The total value at risk of administration after the intervention was decreased by 39.58%.The incidence rate of nursing adverse events caused by the administration was 0.06% after the intervention, and was lower than 0.14% before the intervention, and the difference was statistically significant (χ2 =4.67,P<0.05).Conclusions Application of the nursing risk assessment and early warning intervention can decrease the incidence rate of nursing adverse events caused by the administration so as to ensure the safety in patients .

According to current situation of the undergraduates'scientific research,proposal of establishing the systematic research capacity training program was given,and this program's effects on undergraduates at our school were analyzed.