Enamel hypoplasia is a surface defect of the tooth crown caused by a disturbance of enamel matrix secretion.Enamel hypoplasia may be inherited,or result from illness,malnutrition,trauma,or high concentrations of fluorides or strontium in the drinking water or food.Different types of enamel hypoplasia have been distinguished,such as pit-type,plane-type,and linear enamel hypoplasia.Hypoplasia has been related to the intensity and duration of stress events,the number of affected ameloblasts,and their position along the forming tooth crown.Amelogenesis imperfecta(AI) is a heterogeneous group of inherited defects in dental enamel formation,most teeth are affected in both the primary and permanent dentition.The malformed enamel can be unusually thin,soft,rough and stained.The strict definition of AI includes only those cases where enamel defects occur in the absence of other symptoms.Currently,there are seven candidate genes for AI: amelogenin,enamelin,ameloblastin,tuftelin,distal-less homeobox 3,enamelysin,and kallikrein 4.Since the enamel is formed according to a strict chronological sequence,and once formed,undergoes no repair or regeneration.Then the analysis the phenotype of enamel hypoplasia can provide insights of the severity of inherited or environmental stress and the molecular mechanism during the period of enamel formation.

ObjectiveTo observe clinical effect of proteinuria treatment in hypertension and type 2 diabetes with enalaprilat joint losartan. Methods72 cases of hypertension and type 2 diabetes with proteinuria patients were divided into two groups randomiy,losartan and enalaprilat combination for the treatment group( n =36) ,losartan alone for the observation group( n =36) ,treatment 14 weeks. Observed two groups of blood pressure and 24h after treatment urinary albumin excretion rate. ResultsTwo groups of blood pressure than before treatment were reduced significantly(P ＜ 0.05), but after treatment between the two groups, the difference was not statistically significant (P ＞ 0.05 ).Two groups of patients after 14 weeks treatment, average 24h urine albumin excretion rate form( 105.2 ± 27.3 ) μg/min, ( 110. 3 ± 28.0) μg/min fell to(72.6 ± 26.5 ) μg/min, ( 87.5 ± 24.9 ) μg/min ( P ＜ 0. 01 ), the treatment group reduced more significant(P ＜0.05). ConclusionEnalaprilat joint losartan treatment at the same time,the effective step-down pressure, could improve the type 2 diabetes patients with early renal damage, and it suggested the early renal damage patients should be combined antihypertensive therapy as soon as possible.

AIM: To study the tilt of the intraocular lens (IOL) after Nd:YAG capsulotomy (YAG) and variation of the axial length (AL) in patients with posterior capsular opacification (PCO).METHODS: The study involved 18 eyes of 14 patients with PCO after uncomplicated phacoemulsification surgery and IOL implantation.All patients had taken examinations,including testing best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) by using standard logarithmic visual acuity chart,images of ocular anterior segment and AL by OCT.After the examinations,YAG was operated upon all patients.Each eye received one drop of Diclofenac Sodium Eye Drops immediately after YAG,and patients had taken examinations listed above again.One week later,BCVA and OCT were tested as well.Data (BCVA,tilt of IOLs,and AL) were recorded and analyzed statistically by SPSS.RESULTS: Mean patient age was 73.93±6.94y,including 5 males and 9 females,8 left eyes and 10 right eyes,altogether 14 patients with 18 eyes.In this study,tilt of IOLs was defined as the angle of anterior surface of IOL and pupil plane (briefly called Tilt,unit:°).Before YAG,mean Tilt was 2.896±2.286°,mean AL was 23.56±0.55mm.1h after YAG,mean Tilt was 4.702±2.991°,mean AL was 23.40±0.59mm,and BCVA enhanced 3.72±1.74 lines.1wk after YAG,9 patients with 12 eyes were involved in the study.The mean Tilt of these 12 eyes was 3.175±1.791° 1h after YAG and 3.434±1.835° 1wk after YAG.There were significant differences between Tilt before YAG and Tilt 1h after YAG.There were no significant differences between AL before YAG and AL 1h after YAG.There were no significant differences between Tilt 1h after YAG and Tilt 1wk after YAG.The lines of enhancement of BCVA 1h after YAG was correlated to differences between Tilt before YAG and Tilt 1h after YAG,of which the correlation coefficient was-0.523.CONCLUSION: IOLs of patients with PCO tilted after YAG,while AL rarely changed.After YAG,the less IOLs tilted,the more BCVA enhanced.

Objective To investigate the effects of emodin on the migration and invasion ability and expressions of E-cadherin and Slug of human hepatoma cell lines HepG2; To discuss the possible mechanisms of anti-hepatocellular carcinoma.Methods HepG2 cells were cultured in vitro. The experimental group was treated with emodin at concentrations of 10μmol/L and 20μmol/L as. The negative control group was treated with the same volume of RPMI-1640 medium, while the positive control group was treated with 10μmol/L floxuridine. The cell matrix adhesion assay, wound healing and transwell chamber in vitro invasion assay were used to observe the effects of emodin on HepG2 cell adhesion rate and migration and invasion ability. Western blot analysis was used to observe the changes of expressions of E-cadherin and Slug.Results Compared with the negative control group, emodin inhibited significantly HepG2 cell adhesion rate and migration and invasion ability were in a dose-dependent manner (P<0.05,P<0.01); Western blot analysis showed that the protein expression of E-cadherin increased significantly, and the level of Slug decreased significantly in a dose-dependent manner (P<0.05,P<0.01).Conclusion Emodin can significantly inhibit migration and invasion of HepG2 cells, which mechanism may up-regulate expressions of E-cadherin and down-regulate Slug.

The discovery and application of cancer stem cell markers have very important significance on tumor treatment and prevention.DCLK1 is discovered only in the cancer stem cell marker but not nomal stem cells for the first time.Some studies have shown that DCLK1 expression was detectded in gastrointestinal cancer,esoph-ageal cancer,bile duct carcinoma and glioma.The expression of DCLK1 in tumor is closely related to tumor devel-opment,progression,and recurrenceand migration.Although DCLK1 remain to be known as cancer stem cell mark-er,it provides a new developing prospectives for tumor targeting specific treatment.

0.05). While the significant differences existed between postoperative hypoxemia group and non-hypoxemia group (P

[Objective]To investigate the anti-proliferative effects of CEP on HCT116 cells and in mouse xenograft model. [Methods]The in vivo anti-cancer activity of CEP was determined with Xenogen bioluminescence imaging in a xenograft tumor model. The cel-based multiple signaling pathway reporter assays were carried out to determine the effects of CEP on these pathways. [Results] CEP inhibited growth of human cancer cells, the IC 50 was 0.8~11.5 μM. CEP induced cellcycle arrest in S and G2/M phase. CEP also inhibited xenograft tumor growth in athymic nude mice bearing HCT116 cells. The xenograft tumor size was significantly reduced upon the treatment with CEP(10 or 20 mg·kg-1 body weight) for up to 3 weeks. Pathway-spe-cific reporter assays indicated that CEP effectively suppressed the NF-κB and MAPK/ERK signaling pathways. [Conclusions] Our results suggest that the anticancer activity of CEP in colon cancer cells may be mediated through targeting NF-κB and MAPK/ERK signaling pathways.

[Objective]To evaluate the mid-term and long-term clinical outcome of total hip replacement in patients with congerital acetabular dysplasia.[Method]Twenty-five hips in 23 patients diagnosed as congemtal acetabular dysplasia were treated with total hip replacement.According to the classification ofPemer,17 hips belonged to type Ⅰ,5 type Ⅱ,2 type Ⅲ,and 1 type Ⅳ.The fixation of the prosthetic components was as follows: 5 cups and 7 stems with cement,20 cups and 18 stems with un-cement.[Result]The complications included femur trochanter fracture in 1 case,deep vein thrombosis in 1 case,limb discrepancy in 3 cases,All patients were followed.up with the duration of 8.2 years(3 to 11 years).The preoperative Harris hip score ranged from 25 to 59(average 44.5).After the operation,the pain was completely relieved and the Harris hip score ranged from.63 to 97(average 85.6).[Conclusion]Total hip replacement in congenital acetabular dysplasia could be somewhat difficult,because of the liability to complications.The technical difficulties encountered during surgery included the correction of the length of bilateral lower extremity,the balance of the abductor muscles,the release of the soft tissue,the dealing of the superior seganental defect of acetabulum and selection of the components.

Objective:To study the protective effect of electroacupuncture on stem cell proliferation and differentiation in dentate gyrus (DG) in aged rats with focal cerebral ischemia reperfusion injury. Methods:We duplicated focal cerebral ischemia model with MCAO,with ischemia 3h,I/R1,3,7,14,21d points. The effect of electroacupuncture on the nervous dysfunction score,the water content of cerebral constitution and the stem cell proliferation and differentiation in dentate gyrus were observed,and the non-acupoint group was as control. Results:The nervous dysfunction score (all the time points),the water content of cerebral tissue (I/R1,3,7d),BrdU positive cells (all the time points),BrdU/NeuN positive cells (all the time points),BrdU/GFAP positive cells (I/R7,14,21d),in model group were higher than those of the sham-operated group (P

Objectire To investigate female urogenital fistula on the cause,diagnosis and treatment.Methods Thirty nine cases of patients were diagnosed ashaving genitourinary fistula by cystoscopy,intravenous urography,and blue methvlenelest.In 51%of cases were uretero-vaginal fistulas(20/39),one of them were trated byrenal ostomy.17 cases by early emergency ureteroneocystomy,2 cases by ureteralcatheter.In two complex patients with vesico.uretero-vaginal fistula(2/39),the repairwas associated with badder approach vesicovaginal fistula and early emergencyureteroneocystomy.In 44%of cases with vesicovaginal fistula(17/39)were trated bybladder approach after 3～27 months.Results 36 cases of patients were cured after surgery in one time,2 cases of ureteral intubation,1 case of nephrostomy and nephrectomy later with renal infection,1 case of uroclepsia complication.Conclusion Surgical repair of genitourinary fistula will have high rates of success if performed in proper time and appropriate approaches on the basis of patientinf eirmation and urinary fistula pathological type by experienced hands.