This study was aimed to observe the therapeutic effect and mechanism ofQi-Zhu Er-Zhu Er-Cao Tang(QZEZECT) in the treatment of chronic atrophic gastritis (CAG) precancerous lesion. A total of 56 clean grade healthy Wistar rats were randomly divided into 6 groups. In the negative control group (NC), model group,Wei-Fu-Chun(WFC) group,Ren-Zhu Jian-Wei Ke-Li(RZJWKL, RZ) group, there were 10 rats in each group. In the high-dose QZEZECT (QZ-H) group and low-dose QZEZECT (QZ-L) group, there were 8 rats in each group. CAG/PLGC model was established by MNNG in the model group, WFC group, RZ group, QZ-H group and QZ-L group. Intragastric administration of corresponding decoctions at the dose of 0.39 g·kg-1, 3.2 g·kg-1, 54.4 g·kg-1, 13.6 g·kg-1 were given to rats in the WFC, RZ, QZ-H and QZ-L groups once a day for 28 consecutive days, respectively. The same volume of normal saline was given to the NC group and the model group. Histomorphological changes of gastric mucous membrane in rats of each group were observed. Expressions of NF-κB/p65 and CyclinE protein were detected. The results showed that compared with the NC group, the degrees of infiltration and dysplasia and expressions of NF-κB/p65 and CyclinE significantly increased in the model group with statistical significance (P < 0.01). Compared with the model group, the expression of NF-κB/p65 and CyclinE in the WFC group reduced with statistical significance (P < 0.05). The expression of NF-κB/p65 and CyclinE in the RZ and QZ-L group obviously reduced with statistical significance (P < 0.01). The overall effective rates of WFC group, RZ group, QZ-H group and QZ-L group were 50%, 63.3%, 43.3% and 73.3%, respectively. It was concluded that QZEZECT can treat CAG precancerous lesion, which may take effect by improving and inhibiting pathologic changes of the transcription factor of inflammation.

OBJECTIVETo observe expressions of glucose-regulated protein (GRP78) and caspase-S12 in nervous system-interstitial cells of Cajal (ICC) in smooth muscle in colonic wall in rats with scald injury, as well as their relevant ultrastructural changes, so as to probe the possible mechanisms of dynamic damage in murine colon after a scald injury.

METHODSFifty healthy Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into scald (n = 40) and control (n = 10) groups. Rats in scald group were inflicted with 30% TBSA full-thickness scald, and received an intraperitoneally injection of Ringer lactate solution (50 mg/kg) for resuscitation, while those in control group had similar treatment with the exception of scald. Rats in control group and scald group were sacrificed at 3, 6, 12, 24 post scald hour (PSH, 10 rats at each time point) for collection of 4 cm of colonic tissue, 5 cm proximal to the cecum. A segment of colonic wall, 1 cm in length, was obtained from the middle of the harvested segment of colon, and it was fixed with 3% glutaraldehyde or 10% formaldehyde. The samples fixed with glutaraldehyde were used to observe ultrastructural alterations under transmission electron microscope, while that with formaldehyde were used to observe expressions of GRP78 and caspase-12 in colonic wall by immunohistochemical assay.

RESULTSThe colonic smooth muscle cells of rats in control group showed regular arrangement, their organelles were abundant, nucleus centrally located, euchromatin distributed evenly with more abundant mitochondrial cristae and less smooth endoplasmic reticulum, neuronal organelles were abundant in intermuscular plexus, and ICC could be seen in the neighborhood of neurons. The colonic smooth muscle cells appeared in irregular and disordered manner in scald group, perinuclear space was widened, intercellular vacuoles were observed, mitochondria showed vacuolation degeneration with dissolved and condensed cristae, rough endoplasmic reticula were dilated with partial dissolution, and perinuclear cytoplasm of ICC was obviously decreased. The expression of GRP78 was increased in scald group at 3, 6, 12 PSH (4.3 +/- 0.9, 6.0 +/- 0.7, 4.8 +/- 1.1 score) as compared with that in control group (2.4 +/- 0.7 score, P < 0.05). The expression of caspase-12 in scald group at 6, 12, 24 PSH was higher than that in control group (P < 0.05). GRP78 was consistently expressed in cytoplasm in control group, while in scald group, it mainly appeared in mucosa, myenteric plexus, and stromal cells, but only moderately or lightly expressed in smooth muscle cells. The expression of GRP78 was positive in scald group at 3, 6, 12 PSH, strongly positive at 6 PSH, and it was also expressed in cytoplasm in control group. The expression of caspase-12 in scald group was not obviously positive at 3 PSH, and weakly positive at 6, 24 PSH, but strongly positive at 12 PSH, while no expression was shown in control group.

CONCLUSIONSMarked pathological changes are observed in enteric nervous system-interstitial cells of Cajal-smooth muscle in rats with severe scald injury. It may be related with cellular injuries induced by caspase-12 apoptotic pathways through activated endoplasmic reticulum stress.

Animals ; Apoptosis ; Burns ; metabolism ; pathology ; physiopathology ; Caspase 12 ; metabolism ; Colon ; cytology ; Endoplasmic Reticulum ; metabolism ; Female ; Heat-Shock Proteins ; metabolism ; Interstitial Cells of Cajal ; cytology ; pathology ; ultrastructure ; Male ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

OBJECTIVEThe effect of chronic morphine treatment on the I(A) (transient outward K+ current) of prefrontal cortical neurons of newborn rat. On this basis, we use AGS3 antibody to inhibit the function of AGS3, for observing the impact of AGS3 on the I(A), thus further explore the mechanism of AGS3 protein in morphine addiction.

METHODSBy using whole-cell patch-clamp technique, I(A) was recorded. In the whole-cell configuration, observed the impact of morphine on the current density-voltage curve (I-V) of I(A) and the effect of AGS3 antibody with three different concentrations on the I(A) of morphine treated rat prefrontal cortical neurons.

RESULTSMorphine increased the I(A). When the test potential was + 55 mV, different concentrations of AGS3, 10(-3) microg/L, 10(-2) micdrog/L and 10(-1) microg/L acted on morphine treated rat prefrontal cortical neurons, the enhanced IA by morphine was inhibited.

CONCLUSIONMorphine increases the I(A), AGS3 protein may participate in signal transduction pathway involved with I(A).

Animals ; Animals, Newborn ; Antibodies, Monoclonal ; pharmacology ; Carrier Proteins ; immunology ; metabolism ; Female ; Male ; Morphine ; adverse effects ; Neurons ; metabolism ; Patch-Clamp Techniques ; Potassium Channels ; drug effects ; Prefrontal Cortex ; metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Substance-Related Disorders ; metabolism ; physiopathology

OBJECTIVETo investigate the clinical effect of combination therapy with Fufang Biejia Ruangan tablet and entecavir in patients with hepatitis B virus (HBV)-related cirrhosis.

METHODSA total of 163 patients with HBV-related cirrhosis were recruited for treatment between March 2010 and August 2012, and divided into the following three groups:group A (n =56) received Fufang Biejia Ruangan Tablet plus entecavir; group B (n =52) received entecavir only; and group C (n =55) received Fufang Biejia Ruangan tablet only. Enzyme-linked immunoassay methods were used to measure serum levels of hyaluronic acid (HA), laminin (LN), collagen (PCIV) and prolyl endopeptidase (PLD). The grade of liver fibrosis was determined upon liver biopsy, and score of liver stiffness was measured by FibroScan.

RESULTSAll three treatment groups showed significant decreases from baseline in serum levels of alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, HBV DNA, HA, LN, PCIV and PLD (all P < 0.05). However, the changes in HA, LN, PCIV and PLD levels were significantly greater in group A than in either group B or C (P < 0.05). All three treatment groups showed significant improvements from baseline in liver fibrosis grade and liver stiffness score (P < 0.05). The total effective rate of group A was 82.14%, which was significantly higher than that of groups B and C (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONCombination therapy of Fufang Biejia Ruangan tablet plus entecavir is effective for treating HBV-related cirrhosis.

Adult ; Aged ; Drug Therapy, Combination ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; therapeutic use ; Female ; Guanine ; analogs & derivatives ; therapeutic use ; Hepatitis B virus ; Hepatitis B, Chronic ; drug therapy ; Humans ; Liver Cirrhosis ; drug therapy ; virology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Phytotherapy

OBJECTIVETo compare the production of organic acid of different genotype Streptococcus mutans (S. mutans) isolated from children with different caries experience.

METHODS66 strains of S.mutans isolated from dental plaques of children aged from 3 to 5 with different caries experience were chosen as test bacteria. The quantities of organic acid include formic acid, acetic acid and lactic acid which produced by different genotype of S. mutans, were measured by gas chromatograph.

RESULTSThere were significant difference in production of organic acid among the different genotypes of S. mutans isolated from children with different caries susceptibility, and so were the strains isolated from children within the same caries susceptibility (P < 0.05). The more genotypes the strain had, the more organic acid it produced (P < 0.05). Among all the organic acid, the quantity of lactic acid was much more than that of formic acid and acetic acid.

CONCLUSIONSThere were significant difference in the ability of the strains with different genotypes to produce organic acid, and the more genotypes it has, the more organic acid it produced.

Carboxylic Acids ; metabolism ; Child, Preschool ; Dental Caries ; microbiology ; Dental Plaque ; microbiology ; Genotype ; Humans ; Streptococcus mutans ; genetics ; metabolism

Retinitis pigmentosa (RP) is a group of inherited disorders which involve photoreceptors of the retina and can lead to visual loss. The genetic and clinical phenotypes of RP feature high heterogeneity. RP can be divided into nonsyndromic and syndromic types, both may feature autosomal dominant, autosomal reccesive and X-linked inheritance. So far, many genes have been identified, most of which are expressed in the photoreceptors or retinal pigment epithelium. Sixty-three genes have been identified in nonsyndromic RP. This paper reviews recent progress in the research of the genetics of RP.
Genes, X-Linked ; Humans ; Proteins ; genetics ; Retinitis Pigmentosa ; genetics

OBJECTIVETo compare the difference in the clinical efficacy on anal pendant expansion after PPH (procedure for prolapse and hemorrhoids) of mixed hemorrhoid between acupuncture at Xialiao (BL 34) and Chang-qiang (GV 1) and oral administration of diosmin.

METHODSSixty cases of mixed hemorrhoids after PPH were randomized into an observation group and a control group, 30 cases in each one. In the observation group, since the 1st day, acupuncture had been applied to Xialiao (BL 34) and Changqiang (GV 1). The needles were retained for 30 min afterarrival, and the treatment was given once a day, totally for 7 days. In the control group, diosmin tablets had been prescribed for oral administration since the 1st day, 0.9 g each time, twice a day, totally for 7 days. The degree, persistent time and the pain score of anal pendant expansion were compared on the 1st, 2nd, 3rd and 7th days after PPH between the two groups and the efficacy was evaluated.

RESULTSOn the 1st day after PPH, the diffe-rences in the scores of the degree and persistent time of anal pendant expansion were not significant statistically between the two groups (all>0.05), but the pain score in the observation group was lower than that in the control group (<0.05) and lower than that before treatment (<0.05). On the 2nd, 3rd and 7th days after PPH, the degree and persistent time of anal pendant expansion and pain score in the two groups were all lower than those before treatment (all<0.05). The results in the observation group were better than those in the control group (all<0.05). At the end of treatment (on the 7th day after PPH), the total effective rate in the observation group was higher than that in the control group[90.0% (27/30) vs 83.3% (25/30),<0.05].

CONCLUSIONSAcupuncture at Xialiao (BL 34) and Changqiang (GV 1) achieves the superior efficacy on anal pendant expansion after PPH of mixed hemorrhoids as compared with diosmin tablets.

Objective: To explore the position change of the setup reference markers on the sternum due to the change of hands grip position. Methods: Six hands grip positions were simulated for 8 patients and the set-up reference points marked on the sternum skin were compared while the hands grasped different positions of the hands. Results: The setup markers on the sternum were deviated by all five hands grip positions. The maximum deviated distance was 14mm. Conclusion: The change of the hands grip position can affect the position of setup reference markers on the sternum of the patients and thus the isocenter of plan may be aligned to the wrong area.

Objective To explore the influence of intra-abdominal fat (IAF) accumulation on ambulatory blood pressure (ABP). Methods Four hundred and forty-eight hospitalized patients with cardiovascular and metabolic diseases, including 235 males and 213 females, aged 20-85 (55±12) years old, were enrolled in this study. The abdominal fatty thickness was measured with B-mode ultrasound. Simultaneously the patient received 24hABP monitoring. The patients were divided into excessive IAF group, normal group, and quintile subgroups according to the cut-off points (male 38.5mm, female 34.7mm) for observing the difference in indexes of ambulatory blood pressure between different groups/subgroups. Results The 24h mean systolic BP (24hMSBP), 24h mean BP (24hMBP), 24h mean diastolic BP (24hMDBP), daytime MSBP (dMSBP), daytime MBP (dMBP), daytime MDBP (dMDBP), nighttime MSBP (nMSBP), nighttime MBP (nMBP), night MDBP (nMDBP) were significantly higher in the excessive IAF group than in the normal group (P < 0.05). However, the elevation of ABP was not a simple gradual linear elevation corresponding to a gradual increase in IAF thickness, but manifested an approximately U-shaped trend. Pearson correlation analysis showed IAF thickness was positively correlated with all the indexes of 24hABP, while partial correlation analysis after adjustment for age and sex showed IAF thickness was positively correlated with 24hSBP, 24hMBP, dMBP and nMBP. Conclusion The relationship between IAF thickness and ABP presents a U-shaped curve, which may provide an enlightenment in controlling blood pressure by weight loss in clinical work.

OBJECTIVE: To optimize the formulation of aspirin ointment. METHODS: With cumulative permeation quantity within 6 h and shin irritation as indexes, the method of central composite design was used to optimize the formulation of aspirin ointment, taking the most important three ingredients including sodium lauryl sulfale(X1), sodium citrate (X2) and triethanolamine (X3) as the study subjects. RESULTS: The optimized formulation of aspirin ointment was composed of 1.41% sodium lauryl sulfate, 3.5% sodium citrate and 3.0% triethanolamine. Three batches of aspirin ointment were prepared using the optimized formulation, for which the average cumulative permeation quantity within 6 h was 990.18 μg · cm-2, and no obvious shin irritation was observed. CONCLUSION: Central composite design is successfully used lo optimize the formulation of aspirin ointment.