37% TBSA third degree burns was inflicted to rats and they were decapitated on the third day postburn.The 3H-proline absorption ratio of the everted small intestine of the burn group (1.87?0.27) was significantly lower than that of the control group (2.35?0.49) In the burn group,the ATPase activity of the small intestinal mucosa was 5.61?2.27 nmole/min/mg protein,and the Na+-K+-ATPase activity was 2.86?0.83 nmole/min/mg protein,while they were 9.63?1.04 nmole/min/mg protein and 5.36?0.95 nmole/min/mg protein in the control group respectively.Thus,it was apparent that the two activities decreased markedly in the rats with burn injury It was found that the amino acid absorption ratio was positively correlated with the activity of Na+-K+-ATPase of the small intestine mucosa in the burn group as well in the control group.The relative coefficient was 0.744 p(1) 0.025 in the control,and 0.776 p(1) 0.025 in the burn group.It suggests that the decrease of amino acid absorption ratio in the burn group is likely due to the decreased activity of Na+-K+-ATPase activity.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the expression of Toll like receptor 2 (TLR2) and interleukin-1 beta (IL-1 beta) of cultured human periodontal ligament cells (HPDLCs) activated by Enterococcus faecalis (E. faecalis) lipoteichoic acid (LTA).

METHODSHPDLCs that were obtained from the periodontal tissues of healthy humans were maintained in proper condition. Flow cytometry was used to detect the expression of TLR2 on normal HPDLCs and infectious HPDLCs which were incubated with 0.1, 1, 10 microg mL(-1) E. faecalis LTA for 24 h. IL-1 beta was detected by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) after incubating with LTA of the above concentration for 12, 24 and 48 h or pretreated with TLR2 neutralizing antibody for 1 h and then co-cultured with 1 microg mL(-1) LTA for 24 h.

RESULTSE. faecalis LTA promoted the expression of TLR2 in normal HPDLCs. The difference had statistical significance (P<0.05). IL-1 beta secretion could be detected 12h after stimulation with LTA and increasingly escalate within 48h (P<0.05). TLR2 neutralizing antibody had no evident effect on IL-1 beta generation stimulating by E. faecalis LTA.

CONCLUSIONE. faecalis LTA can increase the expression of TLR2 and IL-1 beta in normal HPDLCs.

Cell Line ; Enterococcus faecalis ; Humans ; Interleukin-1beta ; Lipopolysaccharides ; Periodontal Ligament ; Teichoic Acids ; Toll-Like Receptor 2

Objective To compare the therapeutic efficacy of whey protein powder in peritoneal dialysis hypoproteinemia patients.Methods From August 2019 to August 2020,100 patients with peritoneal dialysis hypoproteinemia from the Peritoneal Dialysis Center of the First Affiliated Hospital of Xi'an Jiaotong University were investigated.The patients were separated into 2 groups randomly;the study group were administered whey protein powder and the control group with high protein food.After 32 weeks of treatment,biochemical and biometric indices including hemoglobin(Hb),albumin(ALB),prealbumin(PA),triglyceride(TG),total cholesterol(TC),phosphorus(P),low density lipoprotein(LDL),high density lipoprotein(HDL),serum creatinine(Scr),blood urea nitrogen(BUN),estimated glo-merular filtration rate(eGFR),total spKt/Vurea(TKt/V),total creatinine clearance rate(TCcr),hand grip strength(HG),triceps skinfold(TSF),arm circumference(AMC),mid-arm muscle circumference(MAMC)were compared between groups.Results Compared with 0 week,at 16 and 32 weeks,ALB,PA,and HG were significantly increased in the study group(P＜0.05).Compared with the control group,ALB,PA,and HG increased significantly at 16 and 32 weeks in the study group(P＜0.05).There were no significant differences in TG,TC,HDL,LDL,eGFR,TKt/V,and TCcr at 0,8,16,and 32 weeks between the control and study groups(P＞0.05).Conclusion For patients with peritoneal dialysis hypoproteinemia caused by insufficient protein intake or excessive protein loss,the addition of whey protein during peritoneal dialysis can significantly improve the nutritional status of patients,with greater efficacy than a high protein diet alone.

Objective:To investigate the clinical efficacy of laparoscopic hepatic caudate lobectomy.Methods:The retrospective and descriptive study was conducted. The clinicopathological data of 5 patients with hepatic caudate lobe tumor who were admitted to the General Hospital of PLA Northern Theater Command from July 2018 to June 2021 were collected. There were 2 males and 3 females, aged 49(range, 26-55)years. All 5 patients underwent laparoscopic hepatic caudate lobectomy. Observation indicators: (1) intraoperative situations; (2) postoperative situations; (3) follow-up. Follow-up was conducted using telephone interview or outpatient examination to detect tumor recurrence. The follow-up was up to March 2023. Measurement data with skewed distribution were represented as M(range) and count data were described as absolute numbers. Results:(1) Intraoperative situations. All 5 patients underwent laparoscopic hepatic caudate lobectomy with the left approach, including 3 cases receiving laparoscopic partial resection of hepatic caudate lobe, 1 case receiving laparoscopic partial resection of hepatic caudate lobe+left lateral lobectomy and 1 case receiving laparoscopic partial resection of hepatic caudate lobe+cholecystectomy. Intraoperative hilar occlusion was performed in 3 patients. The operation time and volume of intraoperative blood loss of 5 patients was 240(range, 180-370)minutes and150(range, 100-200)mL, respectively. (2) Postoperative situations. On the first day after surgery, the levels of albumin, alanine aminotransferase, and aspartate aminotransferase in 5 patients was 32.9(range, 29.2-40.3)g/L, 104.09(range, 57.11-1 018.67)U/L, and 67.13(range, 58.00-852.66)U/L, respectively. Three of 5 patients showed no significant changes in prothrombin time (PT) on the first day after surgery, while two patients did not undergo PT test. On the third day after surgery, the visual analogue score of 5 patients was mild pain. Among the 5 patients, 1 case had anal exhaust on the postoperative 1st day, and 4 cases had anal exhaust on the postoperative 2nd day. The time to drainage tube removal for 5 patients was 6(range, 4-10)days. There was no postoperative complication such as bleeding, infection, bile leakage or liver failure in 5 patients. Results of postoperative histopathological examination showed that 2 cases with adenoma, 2 cases with cavernous hemangioma and 1 case with smooth myolipoma. The duration of postoperative hospital stay of 5 patients was 6(range, 5-11)days. (3) Follow-up. All 5 patients were followed up for 22 (range, 19-51)months, and there was no tumor recurrence.Conclusion:It is safe and feasible to selectively carry out laparoscopic hepatic caudate lobectomy by strictly gras-ping the indications.

Dietary nitrate which mainly comes from green leafy vegetables, is absorbed into blood circulation by the intestinal mucosa. Parotid gland is an important organ for transporting nitrate. Nitrate in blood is taken up by sialin, a nitrate transporter and concentrated in salivary glands and secreted into saliva. The salivary nitrate is partially reduced to nitrite and nitric oxide by oral bacteria, and then salivary nitrate and nitrite return into blood circulation with swallowing and intestinal mucosal absorption. As a non-classic source of nitric oxide, nitrate-nitrite-nitric oxide pathway plays an important role on physiological and pathological conditions, especially on the condition of hypoxia and ischemia. These functions include body protection, such as gastrointestinal tract, cardiovascular system, anti-inflammation, regulation of glucose/lipid metabolism, improvement of sport ability, maintaining gut microbiome hemostasis, and alleviating senility. The traditional view on nitrate as a harmful substance to human body has been proved to be lack of scientific evidence. With further research and application, as a pioneer from the mouth to the whole body, nitrate is expected to play a crucial part in human health, and prevention and treatment of systemic diseases.