Purpose: To evaluate the efficacy and the side effects of 3 D-conformal radiotherapy for malignant thoracic tumor. Methods: Between September 1999 and August 2002, 36 patients with malignant thoracic tumor were treated with 3D-conformal radiotherapy. Twenty-two patients had primary lung cancer, 12 patients had metastatic lung cancer, and 2 patients had malignant mediastinal tumor. All 36 patients were pathologically confirmed. Squamous cell carcinoma 16 cases, adenocarcinoma 15 cases, small cell carcinoma 2 cases, embryonal carcinoma 1 case, malignant thymoma 1 case and sarcoma 1 case. For the primary tumor, conventional radiotherapy was first used to 50Gy/25F/5W, followed by 3D-conformal radiotherapy 16-20Gy(4Gy per fraction, 3 fractions per week) with MLC or cone from 5 ~6 non coplanar or coplanar static ports. For metastatic tumor, using arc therapy to only 28-40Gy(4Gy per fraction, 3 fractions per week, 7-10 fractions) with cone from 1 ~ 4 arcs. Tumor volumes from 1. 85 cm3 to 104. 61 cm3 with a median of 24. 96 cm3 in 3D-CRT. Results: To evaluate the effects, thoracic CT scan was taken two months after completion of 3D-conformal radiotherapy. In 34 evaluated patients, 13 cases obtained CR, 14 PR, 5 NC, and 2PD. The overall 1 and 2-year survival rates were 74. 1% and 38.4%. Toxicity consisted of grade 1 acute radiation pneumonitis in 17 patients, grade 2 in 10 patients, grade 3 in 1 patients, and 2 patients dead of radiation pneumonitis ( with non coplanar technique), late complication was radiation pulmonary fibrosis, grade 1 in 20 cases, grade 2 in 8 cases. Conclusions: 3D-conformal radiotherapy as complement of conventional external beam radiotherapy for malignant thoracic tumor can obtain better short-term effects, although the survival is yet to be investigated. But attention must be given to the irradiation technique, the irradiation volume should not be too large and beams angles appropriately adjusted to avoid excessive irradiated volume in normal lung.

[Objective] Expressions of human epidermal growth factor receptor 2(HER-2),p53,estrogen receptor (ER),and progesterone receptor (PR) in tissues of breast invasive ductal carcinoma are not only applied to determine the therapeutic regimen,but they may also be related to the prognosis.We investigated the levels of these proteins among different clinical stages and the correlations.[Method] One hundred and thirty-eight tissues from cases with breast invasive ductal carcinoma were tested with immunohistochemistry.New scoring standards and rank test were applied.The indices were digitalized and semi-quantified.[Results] In the tissues from high clinical stage,the expression of HER2 was significantly increased,while expression of PR was markedly decreased.[Conclusion] Expression of HER2 and PR might be better markers for predicting clinical stages and prognosis.

Objective To measure the set-up errors of patients with head and neck (H&N) cancer during the image guided intensity-modulated radiotherapy (IMRT) treatment and analyze the impact of setup errors on dose distribution ; then to further investigate the necessity of adjustment online for H&N cancer during IMRT treatment.Methods Cone-beam CT (CBCT) scanning of thirty patients with H&N cancer were acquired by once weekly with a total of 6 times during IMRT treatment.The CBCT images and the original planning CT images were matched by the bony structure and worked out the translational errors of the x,y,z axis,as well as rotational errors.The dose distributions were recalculated based on the data of each setup error.The dose of planning target volume (PTV) and organs at risk were calculated in the replanning,and than compared with the original plan by paired t-test.Results The mean value of x,y,z axis translational set-up errors were ( 1.06 ± 0.95 ) mm,( 0.95 ± 0.77 ) mm and ( 1.31 ± 1.07 ) mm,respectively.The rotational error of x,y,z axis were ( 1.04 ±0.791 ),( 1.06 ±0.89) and (0.81 ±0.61 ),respectively.PTV 95％ volume dose ( D95 ) and PTV minimal dose of replanning for 6 times set-up were lower than original plan (6526.6 cGy:6630.3 cGy,t =3.98,P =0.000 and 5632.6 cGy:5792.5 cGy,t =- 2.89,P =0.007).Brain stem received 45 Gydose volume ( V45 ) and 1％ brain stem volume dose ( D01 )were higher than original plan ( 3.54％:2.75％,t =3.84,P =0.001 and 5129.7 cGy:4919.3 cGy,t =4.36,P =0.000).Conclusions The set-up errors led to the dose of PTV D95 obviously insufficient and significantly increased V45,D01 of the brainstem.So,adjustment online is necessary for H&N cancer during IMRT treatment.

Objective:To explore the clinical and pathological features of Dubin-Johnson syndrome.Methods:The clinical and pathological characteristics of 18 cases of Dubin-Johnson syndrome diagnosed in the Department of Pathology of the Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University from 2008 to 2018 were analyzed. Related literature was reviewed.Results:There were 15 male and three female patients. The male-to-female ratio was 5∶1. The age of the patients ranged from 17 to 73 years (median 24 years). Common clinical manifestations were jaundice, anorexia, and abnormal liver function tests. The pathological feature was the deposition of dark brown particles in the hepatocytes, especially those around the central veins.Conclusions:Dubin-Johnson syndrome mainly occurs in young people. The characteristic pathological changes are the deposition of dark brown particles in the hepatocytes around the central veins of the liver. The diagnosis of Dubin-Johnson syndrome mainly relies on clinical manifestations, laboratory examinations, histopathological examinations and genetic testing. The understanding of Dubin-Johnson syndrome can help reduce the rates of missed diagnosis and misdiagnosis of the disease.

Preoperative patients′ preparedness for selective surgery is of great significance in improving surgical efficiency, improving treatment outcomes, and optimizing the quality of medical care. The lack of unified standards for existing evaluation tools hinders their clinical application. This article provides a review of the development, content, reliability, validity, and application of existing evaluation tools, and compares and analyzes them, in order to provide reference for medical workers to select suitable evaluation tools and construct a patient-centered preoperative preparation strategy.

OBJECTIVETo study the distribution of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase(PARP) pseudogene polymorphism and the association with susceptibility to lung cancer in Chinese people.

METHODSThe subjects of this study included 63 patients with lung cancer and 82 healthy controls matched in gender and age. Genome DNA was extracted from white blood cells. Products from PCR with a pair of specific primer were electrophoresized in agarose including EB. Under ultraviolet, observation and imaging were performed.

RESULTSThere was no significant difference in genotype between the cases and controls. The frequencies of B allele in cases and controls were 0.095 and 0.116 respectively. Whether there was B allele or not, smoking was a risk factor of lung cancer (P<0.05). As the genotype was AA and AB or BB, smoking OR was 2.28 and 4.83 respectively. Among non-smokers, the risk at lung cancer did not increase in AB or BB genotypes(P=0.202).

CONCLUSIONFrequency of B allele is relatively lower in Chinese people than in other races. In smokers, B allele may be a susceptible marker of lung cancer, and there is synergistic function between B allele and smoking.

Adult ; Aged ; Alleles ; China ; DNA, Neoplasm ; genetics ; Female ; Gene Frequency ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; Genotype ; Humans ; Lung Neoplasms ; enzymology ; genetics ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Poly(ADP-ribose) Polymerases ; genetics ; Polymorphism, Genetic ; Pseudogenes ; genetics

Female ; Humans ; Kidney ; pathology ; Kidney Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; Rhabdoid Tumor ; diagnosis