Objective To investigate the change of apoptosis of polymorphonuclear neutrophil (PMN)in patients with multiple organ dysfunction syndrome(MODS) after severe trauma and the effect of Prostaglandin E1(PGE1). Methods AO/EB fluorescent staining method was used to detect the apoptosis ratio of PMN in 40 patients with MODS and 20 patients without MODS after severe trauma, and 20 healthy people(control group).Different concentration of PGE1 was added to the all patients and its effect on PMN was observecl. Results Apoptosis ratio of PMN decreased significantly in patients with MODS and increased when PGE1 was added(P

Objective To explore how to treat open neck trauma in time and with reason in the primary hospital.Methods 57 cases of neck open injury were hospitalized from Aug.1997 to Jan.2()07,and injury cause,mechanism,diagnosis and treatment of them are analyzed retrospectively.Results There were 29 incisal wounds and 23 penetrating wounds and 5 contusing wounds.Among 57 patients there were 12 significant injuries and 55 minor injuries cases.53 patients had been treated with operative exploration and 10 patients had therapeutic exploration.The result of treatment showed that 50 patients were cured,and 4 patients died of head injury,cervical spinal injury and respiratory failure,anoxic encephalopathy from airway obstruction and hemorrhagic shock from combined injuries of common carotid artery and internal jugular vein.Conclusion The mainstay of choice of treatment is the injury mechanism and clinical signs and symptoms of patient.

Objective To investigate the change of gene rstn expression in brain tissues following traumatic brain injury (TBI). Methods A total 90 SD rats were involved in the study and divided into normal control group (5 rats), sham operation group (10 rats), mild, moderate and severe trauma groups (25 rats per group). Rat model was made with sap pressure clash method and RT-PCR assay was employed to detect expression change of gene rstn at 3, 6, 24, 72 h and 1, 2, 4 weeks after TBI. The change of peripheral blood glucose concentration was measured in moderate trauma group to observe its relationship with gene rstn expression in brain tissue. Results Postoperative expression of gene rstn was increased in severe trauma group at 24 hours, in moderate trauma group at 72 hours and in mild trauma group at four weeks (P＜0.05). The expression of gene rstn was increased in hippocampus, thalamus and cortex of all trauma groups at four weeks postoperatively, when the hippocampus showed the highest expression while the thalamus showed the least (P＜ 0.05). Moreover, the expression of gene rstn showed high level in injury side but low level in contralateral side in different districts (P ＜ 0.05). The expression of gene rstn was increased the most obviously in severe trauma group (P ＜0.05). Peripheral blood glucose concentration showed a linearity positive correlation with gene rstn expression in brain tissue (R=5.32,P＜0.05). Conclusions Expression of gene rstn shows obvious increase after TBI, and the time course correlates with the injury severity. The gene rstn expresses the most in the ipsilateral hippocampus. There shows a certain correlation between gene rstn expression and peripheral blood glucose concentration in brain tissues after TBI.

Objective To analyze the features of EMU survived casualties and the rescue during a head -on- rear collision between two EMU trains on 23 July 2011 ( July 23 train collision accident) at Wenzhou station.Methods The casualties treated in many major hospitals in Wenzhou were surveyed within 24 hours after the accident occurred.The data of age,gender,type of injury and injury severity of the wounded were analyzed.Results A total of 136 casualties were treated within the first 24 hours after the accident occurred,and the male patients and female patients accounted for 55.89％ and 44.11％ respectively,blunt trauma was the main cause of injuries.The percent of multiple injuries in the wounded survivals accounted for 79.41％.The most common injury site of the survived casualties was chest,followed by four limbs and spine.All the wounded were rescued on the spot and were referred to the hospitals with better medical facilities.Conclusions There was no significant difference in gender of the wounded.Blunt trauma was the leading cause of injuries,and the chest,four limbs and spine were the liable parts of body to be traumatized.Saving life,triaging and transferring the wounded as soon as possible were the major algorithm during the initial stage of medical rescue after the accident occurred.

Objective To determine the coagulation status as well as circulating levels of complement and inflammation markers in patients with chronic urticaria (CU) during acute attack and in remission,and to estimate the relationship of coagulant and anticoagulant factors as well as fibrinolytic markers with the development of chronic urticaira.Methods This study included 40 patients with CU (22 during acute attack and 18 in remission) and 40 healthy blood donors from the Guangzhou Blood Center.Venous blood samples were obtained from these subjects,and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) was performed to measure the plasma levels of prothrombin fragrnent 1 +2 (F1 +2),tissue factor (TF),thrombomodulin (TM),high molecular weight kininogen (HMWK),tissue-type plasminogen activator (t-PA),C5a and serum levels of C3,C4,antistreptolysin O antibodies (ASO),rheumatoid factor (RF) and C-reactive protein (CRP).Erythrocyte sedimentation rate (ESR) was also determined in these patients.Comparisons of these parameters were carried out by using t test,and the correlation of these factors with CU was evaluated by using Spearman correlation coefficient.Results Compared with the healthy controls,the patients with CU showed significantly higher plasma levels of F1+2 and HMWK (both P ＜ 0.01),but lower levels of TF,TM and t-PA (all P ＜ 0.01).The plasma levels of F1 +2,HMWK,t-PA were significantly correlated with the symptom scores in patients with CU (r =0.81,P ＜ 0.01; r =-0.39,P ＜ 0.05; r =0.35,P ＜ 0.05).A significant increase was observed in the plasma concentration of F1 +2 in patients during acute attack compared with those in remission (P ＜ 0.01),whereas no significant differences were noted in the plasma levels of TF,TM,HMWK,t-PA,C5a,serum levels of C3,C4,ASO,RF and CRP or ESR between the two groups of patients (all P ＞ 0.05).Conclusions It seems that coagulation,anti-coagulation and fibrinolysis are all involved in the development of urticaria.There is an obvious difference in the plasma level of prothrombin F1 +2 between patients with CU during acute attack and in remission,suggesting that coagulation factors play a certain role in the initiation and progression of CU.

Objective To detect the epidemiologic features of pediatric patients with fall from height injury in an effort to provide a reference for prevention and scientific treatment.Methods Data of pediatric patients with fall from height injury treated from January 2011 to December 2012 were collected in the form of questionnaires.Epidemiologic features and relationship of associated factors were measured.Results Pediatric fall injury occurred very often in warmer season,namely on April and May,and in a day,it was more likely to happen when parents slacked at noon and night.Stairs and balconies were the most common sites of falls and head was most vulnerable to the injury.Falling height was the primary factor to the severity of injury.Conclusion To strengthen the protection reform in key areas,the supervision in peak time for falls and the care to children of the migrant workers can reduce fall injury in a certain extent.

Objective To analyze the injury features of the wounded in the bullet train crash in July 23,2011 in Wenzhou of Zhejiang and explore treatment experience.Methods A total of 177 cases who were injured or died in the 7.23 Wenzhou bullet train crash were involved in the study.The age,gender,injury types,injury regions and injury severity were analyzed by using Trauma Database System V3.0 ( produced by China Trauma Data Center of Third Military Medical University). Results A total of 137 cases were admitted to our hospital within 24 hours after the bullet train crash in Wenzhou.There were 76 males and 61 females,with no significant difference.Of the 137 cases,136 survived and one died after medical treatment.The major injury types included impact injury,crush injury and heavy weight falling injury.Among the 136 survivors,108 cases were with multiple injuries,accounting for 79.4％.The most common injury region of the survivors was the chest,followed by the head and limb.The minimum trauma index (TI) was 5 points and the maximum 27 points.There were 4 cases(3.7％ )with TI ≤9 points,86 (79.6％) with 10-16 points and 18 (16.7％) with ≥ 17 points.Of all,78 cases (72.2％) had ISS score ＜ 16 points and 30 (27.8％) had ≥16 points.The minimum ISS was 3 points and maximum 75 points.There were 40 deaths including the one died after medical treatment,who were all with multiple injuries,with head injury the main cause.ConclusionsThe causes of the bullet train crashes are complicated,with high incidence of multiple injuries.The injury severity is varied,but the overall situation is not serious.Distribution of common injury regions is significantly different between the wounded and the dead.Injury triage,patient transfer and specialist treatment of the wounded should be carried out appropriately during the initial stage of medical rescue based on those injury features after the bullet train crashes.

Objective To evaluate the relationship of clinical symptom to plasmic levels of D-dimer, activated factorⅦ (FⅦa) and tissue factor pathway inhibitor (TFPI)/X a in patients with urticaria. Methods A total of 27 patients with chronic urticaria (CU), 27 patients with acute urticaria (AU) and 26 normal human controls were included in this study. Symptom score was determined and disease course was surveyed in these patients. ELISA was used to detect the plasma levels of D-dimer, FⅦa and (TFPI)/Xa in patients and controls. The relation of clinical symptom and disease course to plasma levels of these parameters was assessed. Results In patients with AU and normal controls, the plasma level of D-dimer was 450.57± 242.13 ng/mL and 266.81±40.68 ng/mL, respectively, the level of FⅦa, 2.23± 0.74 ng/mL and 5.23±1.35 ng/mL, respectively, and the level of TFPI/Xa 0.87±0.13 nmol/L and 0.88 ~ 0.12 nmol/L, respectively. There was a significant difference in the level of both D-dimer and FⅦa (both P < 0.01 ), whereas no differ-ence was observed in that of TFPI/X a (P > 0.05) between patients with AU and normal controls. In addi-tion, increased level of D-dimer and decreased level of FⅦa were noticed in patients with CU compared with those in normal controls (593.80±294.04 ng/mL vs 266.81±40.68 ng/mL, 3.98±0.35 ng/mL vs 5.23± 1.35 ng/mL, both P < 0.01 ), but there was no significant difference in the plasma level of TFPI/Xa (0.87± 0.16 nmol/L vs 0.88±0.12 nmol/L, P > 0.05). Significant difference was observed in the plasma level of D-dimer and FⅦa between patients with AU and CU (450.57±242.13 ng/mL vs 593.80 ±294.04 ng/mL, P < 0.05; 2.23± 0.74 ng/mL vs 3.98± 0.35 ng/mL, P<0.01 ). The plasma level of D-dimer positively corre-lated to the symptom score of patients with CU and those with AU (r= 0.68, P< 0.01; r= 0.82, P< 0.01),but was independent of discase course (P> 0.05). Neither the level of FⅦa nor that of TFPI/Xa correlated to symptom score or disease course of patients (all P > 0.05). Conclusions There is an overactivation of coagulation cascade, consumption of blood coagulation factors and secondary fibrinolysis in patients with urticaria, suggesting that plasma D-dimer and FⅦa may be associated with the clinical symptoms of urticaria.

Objective To compare the sensitivity and specificity of venereal disease research laboratory (VDRL) test versus several other laboratory tests in the diagnosis of neurosyphilis. Methods Lumber puncture was conducted to obtain cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) from untreated outpatients with latent syphilis (LS) or serofast outpatients with LS. Then, VDRL test, rapid plasma regain (RPR) test, Treponema pallidum particle agglutination (TPPA) assay, fluorescent treponemal antibody-absorption (FTA-ABS) test and protein quantification were performed on these CSF samples. The sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value and negative predictive value were compared between VDRL test and four other laboratory tests in the diagnosis of neurosyphilis. Results Totally, 61 cases of latent syphilis were included in this study. The sensitivity, specificity,positive predictive value and negative predictive value were 93.44% (57/61), 99.32%(293/295), 96.61%(57/59), 98.65% (293/297)for CSF-RPR, respectively, 91.80% (56/61), 82.71% (244/295), 52.34% (56/107),97.99 (244/249) for CSF-TPPA, respectively, 93.44% (57/61), 82.71% (244/295), 52.78%(57/108), 98.39%(244/248) for CSF-FTA-ABS, respectively, and 49.18%(30/61), 97.29% (287/295), 78.95% (30/38),90.25% (287/318) for CSF protein quantification, respectively. Conclusions CSF-VDRL cannot be replaced by CSF-RPR, -TPPA, -FTA-ABS, or CSF protein quantification in the diagnosis of neurosyphilis. CSF-RPR shows a high sensitivity and specificity in the diagnosis of neurosyphilis, with an increased diagnostic capability (area under the receiver operating characteristic curve) compared with CSF-TPPA, CSF-FTA-ABS or CSF protein quantification.

Psoriasis vulgaris is a recurrent inflammatory skin disease. A variety of factors, such as trauma and infection, can destroy the skin barrier function, thereby breaking the balance of immune homeostasis and tolerance, causing abnormalities in function and/or number of various immune-related cells in local skin, resulting in psoriasis-like skin changes such as abnormal proliferation of keratinocytes and excessive inflammatory reactions in skin lesions. Various immune cells in skin lesions can sense changes in the surrounding environment (autocrine or paracrine) through surface molecules, and then express and secrete a variety of inflammation-related factors; if maintenance mechanisms for immune homeostasis and tolerance become invalid, the positive feedback network of inflammation mediated by inflammation-related factors will be formed locally, leading to the occurrence of psoriasis vulgaris. This review summarizes research progress in the role of immune-related cells in skin lesions in the immunopathological mechanism of psoriasis vulgaris, especially innate immune cells such as γδT cells.