Ovarian cancer is a serious threat to women's reproductive health. Epithelial carcinoma is the most common pathological type of ovarian cancer. In addition, epithelial carcinoma demonstrates the highest mortality among all types of gynecological tumors. Despite the recent advances in surgery, radiation, and chemotherapy, recurrence or deterioration still occurs in 75%–80%of patients after treatment. Multidrug resistance is a major cause of post-treatment relapses, metastasis, and even death. This characteristic se-verely restricts the survival of patients with epithelial ovarian cancer. Signaling pathways are important regulatory mechanisms of mul-tidrug resistance. To date, research on the mechanisms of action of these pathways has progressed, and clinical trials on specific inhibi-tors obtained satisfactory results. This study explores the potential relationship between signaling pathways and multidrug resistance in epithelial ovarian cancer, as well as the current progress in clinical research on targeted drugs, to provide a theoretical basis for clini-cal applications.

AIM To establish a quantitative analysis of multi-components by single marker(QAMS) method for the content determination of six catechins in Xinnaojian Capsules (Tablets) (tea extract).METHODS The analysis of 50％ methanol extract of this drug was performed on a 35 ℃ thermostatic Shimadzu Wonda Cract ODS-2 column (4.6 mm ×250 mm,5 μm),with the mobile phase comprising of 0.5％ acetic acid (A)-acetonitrile (B) flowing at 1.0 mL/min in a gradient elution manner,and the detection wavelength was set at 280 nm.With epigallocatechin gallate as an internal standard,the relative correction factors of epigallocatechin,catechin,epicatechin,gallocatechin gallate and epicatechin gallate were calculated,from which the content determination was made.RESULTS Six constituents showed good linear relationships within their own ranges (r ≥ 0.999 8),whose average recoveries were 96.00％-98.47％ with the RSDs of 2.09％-2.91％.The results obtained by QAMS method approximated those obtained by external standard method.CONCLUSION This simple and reliable method can be used for the quality control of Xinnaojian Capsules (Tablets).

Objective:To investigate the efficacy and safety of laparoscopic versus open surgery for early cervical cancer and analyze the factors that influence laparoscopic surgery for early cervical cancer. Methods:The clinical data of 411 patients with International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics (FIGO)stage IA1-IIA2 cervical cancer who received treatment in Liuzhou Worker's Hospital, China between January 1, 2000 and August 31, 2016 were retrospectively analyzed. The clinical data were divided into laparoscopic surgery ( n = 320) and open surgery ( n = 91) groups according to surgical approaches. The operation time, intraoperative injury, intraoperative blood loss, time to first postoperative anal exhaust, postoperative complications, time to extubation, and postoperative recurrence rate were compared between laparoscopic surgery and open surgery groups. Multivariable COX regression analysis was performed to analyze the recurrence of cervical cancer after laparoscopic surgery. Results:The operation time in the laparoscopic surgery group was significantly shorter than that in the open surgery [(223.4 ± 53.2) min vs. (251.0 ± 50.0) min, t = 20.200, P < 0.05]. The intraoperative blood loss, time to extubation and the time to first postoperative anal exhaust in the laparoscopic surgery group were less or shorter than those in the open surgery group (all P < 0.05). Under the premise that there were no significant differences in vascular and lymphatic space invasion, tumor size, parametrial invasion, depth of muscle invasion, lymph node metastasis, and vaginal margin between the laparoscopic surgery and open surgery groups, the 1-year and 3-year recurrence rate of cervical cancer was 9.4% (30/320) and 15.9% (51/320), respectively and the 1-year and 3-year tumor-free survival rate was 90.6% and 84.1%, respectively in the laparoscopic surgery group; the 1-year and 3-year recurrence rate of cervical cancer was 4.4% (4/91) and 9.9% (9/91), respectively and the 1-year and 3-year tumor-free survival rate was 95.6% and 89.6%, respectively in the open surgery group. There were no significant differences in 1-year and 3-year recurrence rate of cervical cancer and 1-year and 3-year tumor-free survival rate between laparoscopic surgery and open surgery groups (all P > 0.05). During the 5-year follow-up, there were no significant differences in the recurrence rate of cervical cancer (18.7% vs. 12.2%) and the tumor-free survival rate (81.9% vs. 86.8%) between the laparoscopic surgery and open surgery groups (both P > 0.05). Univariate and multivariate analysis showed that positive lymph node metastasis, tumor size ≥ 2 cm, FIGO stage > IB1 and non-squamous cell carcinoma pathological type are the risk factors for the recurrence of cervical cancer. Conclusion:Laparoscopic surgery for early cervical cancer can reduce the intraoperative and postoperative complications. Positive lymph node metastasis, tumor size ≥ 2 cm, FIGO stage > IB1, and non-squamous cell carcinoma pathological type are the risk factors of recurrence of cervical cancer after laparoscopic surgery.

OBJECTIVE:To establish the method for contents determination of catechins active components in lipid-lowering slimming health products. METHODS:HPLC method was adopted. Using epigallocatechin gallate(EGCG)as a reference,relative correction factor(RCF)of EGCG to gallocatechin(EGC),catechin(C),epicatechin(EC),gallocatechin gallate(GCG)and gal-loylepicatechin(ECG)were calculated. The contents of EGC,C,EC,GCG and ECG in 5 batches of samples were calculated through RCF. The contents of EGC,C,EC,GCG and ECG determined by external standard method were used as measured value. The similarity of the value determined by external standard method with the value calculated by quantitative analysis of multi-com-ponents via single marker method(QAMS)was evaluated with vector included angle cosine method. RESULTS:The linear ranges of EGCG,EGC,C,EC,GCG and ECG were 0.0065-0.1305 mg/mL(r=0.9998)、0.0005-0.0107 mg/mL(r=0.9997)、0.0020-0.0400 mg/mL(r=0.9999)、0.0153-0.3053 mg/mL(r=0.9998)、0.0008-0.0155 mg/mL(r=0.9998)、0.0040-0.0792 mg/mL (r=0.9999);RSDs of precision,stability and reproducibility tests were all lower than 2.0%.The recoveries were 95.07%-100.35%(RSD=1.94%,n=6)、95.24%-101.87%(RSD=2.79%,n=6)、96.08%-103.86%(RSD=3.01%,n=6)、97.51%-101.06%(RSD=1.45%,n=6)、96.01%-101.66%(RSD=2.27%,n=6)、96.20%-102.89%(RSD=2.71%,n=6),respectively. There was no signifi-cant difference between measured value and calculated value. CONCLUSIONS:The method is simple,precise,stable and repro-ducible,and can be used for contents determination of catechins active components in lipid-lowering slimming health products.

OBJECTIVETo study the association between single nucleotide polymorphisms of thioredoxin reductase-2 (TrxR2) gene and the susceptibility to Kashin-Beck disease (KBD).

METHODSPolymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism (PCR-RFLP) was used to analyze the genotype frequencies of rs5748469 in TrxR2 gene in 84 KBD patients and 109 healthy control subjects.

RESULTSThe genotype frequencies of A/A, A/C, and C/C in the KBD patients were 83.33%, 15.48% and 1.19%, as compared with the frequencies of 74.31%, 25.69%, and 0.00% in the healthy control, respectively, showing no significant difference in the single nucleotide polymorphisms of TrxR2 gene between the two groups (P=0.13).

CONCLUSIONNo obvious correlation can be found between rs5748469 polymorphisms in TrxR2 gene and the susceptibility to KBD.

Adult ; Alleles ; Female ; Genetic Predisposition to Disease ; Genotype ; Humans ; Kashin-Beck Disease ; genetics ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Polymorphism, Restriction Fragment Length ; Polymorphism, Single Nucleotide ; Thioredoxin Reductase 2 ; genetics

OBJECTIVETo explore the effect of arterial perfusion of marrow multifunctional stem cells (MFSC) in treating femoral head necrosis and its mechanism.

METHODSThe rabbit model of femoral head necrosis was established by large dose of methyl-prednisone through Shwartzman response. Bone marrow was extracted from femoral bone of model rabbit and isolated in vitro for culturing and proliferating MFSC. The experimental rabbits were randomly divided into 4 groups, treated with normal saline (A), Salvia + urokinase (B), MFSC (C) and MFSC + Salvia + urokinase (D), respectively, they were sacrificed in batches at 2 and 4 weeks after treatment, and changes in various parameters, including molybdenum target roentgenogram, routine pathology with HE staining, tetracycline labeled fluorescent microscopy and ultrastructure alteration by scanning electron microscope (SEM), were observed.

RESULTSTypical appearance of femoral head necrosis was shown in the successfully modeled rabbits. Two and 4 weeks after treatment by high selective drug via medial and lateral femoral circumflex arterial perfusion, the X-ray examination showed significant improvement of bone density; pathohistologic manifestation showed decrease of empty bone lacuna, increase of osteoblast and new bone formation; tetracycline fluorescent labeled microscopic picture showed bright fluorescent band of increased osteoblasts in necrosis repairing region with widened border; SEM displayed irregularly arranged fibrosis in necrosis region, abundant organelles in osteoblasts with few empty bone lacuna. The above-mentioned improvement was more significant in rabbits treated by MFSC.

CONCLUSIONHigh selective femoral drug arterial perfusion in treating femoral head necrosis could accelerate the process of revascularization and re-ossification in rabbits. As compared with Salvia, MFSC showed quicker and more potent effect.

Animals ; Bone Marrow Transplantation ; methods ; Femur Head ; blood supply ; Femur Head Necrosis ; chemically induced ; physiopathology ; therapy ; Infusions, Intra-Arterial ; Male ; Methylprednisolone ; Osteogenesis ; Rabbits ; Stem Cell Transplantation ; methods

Neural oscillation is rhythmic or repetitive neural activity in the central nervous system that is usually generated by oscillatory activity of neuronal ensembles, reflecting regular and synchronized activities within these cell populations. According to several oscillatory bands covering frequencies from approximately 0.5 Hz to >100 Hz, neural oscillations are usually classified as delta oscillation (0.5-3 Hz), theta oscillation (4-12 Hz), beta oscillation (12-30 Hz), gamma oscillation (30-100 Hz) and sharp-wave ripples (>100 Hz ripples superimposed on 0.01-3 Hz sharp waves). Neural oscillation in different frequencies can be detected in different brain regions of human and animal during perception, motion and sleep, and plays an essential role in cognition, learning and memory process. In this review, we summarize recent findings on neural oscillations in hippocampus, as well as the mechanism and function of hippocampal theta oscillation, gamma oscillation and sharp-wave ripples. This review may yield new insights into the functions of neural oscillation in general.

Objective:To investigate the correlations of laminin subunit gamma 3 (LAMC3) expression with prognosis of ovarian cancer (OC).Methods:LAMC3 protein expression was measured using immunohistochemical streptavidin-peroxidase-biotin connection method (IHC). Gene expression and related clinical data in the cancer genome atlas (TCGA) cohort and clinical proteomic tumor analysis consortium (CPTAC) were applied to analyse the correlation between gene and protein expressions and clinical outcomes. Correlations between LAMC3 and clinicopathological factors were evaluated using the Pearson χ2 test (2-sided). The probability of survival and significance was calculated using the Kaplan-Meier plot. The functional clustering of biological pathways enriched from co-expressed genes of LAMC3 was used to explore the possible mechanisms that LAMC3 might contribute to poor prognosis. Results:Based on the IHC results of 216 OC tissues or ovaries (including 208 tumors and 8 normal tissues) and 51 OC tissues (including 24 chemotherapy-resistant and 27 sensitive tissues), and the protein expression data from CPTAC (including 100 primary tumors and 25 normal tissues), the results showed that the protein expression of LAMC3 was significantly decreased in OC tissues compared with normal, decreased in advanced-stage tissues compared with early-stage tissues, and decreased in drug-resistant tissues compared with sensitive tissues (all P<0.05). Furthermore, low expression of LAMC3 protein was significantly associated with poor disease-free survival (DFS) and overall survival (OS) in 51 OC tissues ( P<0.01), consistent with the results that the low levels of LAMC3 mRNA predicted short DFS and OS in 489 OC tissues of the TCGA cohort ( P<0.05). The results suggested that low expression of LAMC3 might be the adverse factors for OC development, such as drug resistance and advanced tumors, and might be a risk indicator for prognosis. Moreover, functional clustering of biological pathways enriched from the co-expressed genes of LAMC3 in TCGA ovarian cohort indicated that LAMC3 potentially involved in regulation of OC via oncogene-pathways such as Ras associated protein 1 (Rap1), mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK), Ras and cell adhesion-related pathways such as extra cellular matrix (ECM)-receptor interaction and focal adhesion. It indicated that LAMC3 might contribute to short survival and tumor progression by regulation of the above pathways. Conclusion:Low expression of LAMC3 is related to poor prognosis and malignant progression in OC, and thus it is expected to be a new prognostic marker and therapeutic target for clinical treatment.

A new teaching mode with the combination of online teaching and flipped class was designed and implemented in the Stomatological College of Nanjing Medical University based on the National Online Open Courses, the Virtual Interactive Network Teaching Platform and the E-learning Network Teaching Platform. The new online course system of orthodontic education was constructed with several components including the process and outcome assessments, the professional literature and knowledge summary reports and the virtual interactive online training. With the informative and convenient online teaching resources and modes, students′ comprehensive abilities of independent learning were improved.