We used WEHI clone—13 cell line as target and MTT colorimetric technique to evaluate monocyte cytotoxicity, this method is superior to the traditional~(51) Cr release technique. It is more sensitive,more rapid and less effectors needed, as well as no isotope contamination, and it is mose suitable in clinic.

The three-level prevention theory is called into play as guided by the contemporary medical model and combination of prevention and treatment,to classify the services into three levels.Services by maternal and child health care institutions are designed as Level-1,early discovery,early diagnosis and early treatment prevention as Level-2,while clinical prevention as Level-3.The paper also clarified misunderstandings and proposed the general healthcare concept for such institutions.

The hierarchical medical system is to match and balance the medical service demand and supply. This article probed into main problems encountered in introducing such a system, discussed the mechanism of action for the system which was based on diseases, and proposed the driver model for a disease-based hierarchical medical system.

Segregated Kunming mice bearing S180 sarcoma were used as tumor models and treated with rhIL-6. The tumor regressed in most of the treated mice (8/10) in which there was no tumor growth when rechallenged with the same tumor cells, whereas 9/10 of controls died as the tumor progressed. Morphologically, in the treated group, the mice had enlarged spleen (4 times larger than that of control group)with hyperplastic white pulp consisted predominantly of activated lymphocytes. Cytotoxicity of spleen cells from IL-6 treated group to autologous tumor cells was higher than that of control group (907 ?318: 387 ?144, P=0.003) and so did L929 cell line used as target (1145?164: 186?251).We also set in vitro experiment using human PBL and human melanoma and colon carcinoma cell lines (A375,LS174). These cells were treated with IL-6 respectively and the cytotoxicity was assayed. Although PBL stimulated with IL-6 killed the LS174 more efficiently,the higher cytotoxicity to LS174 is because of the increased sensitivty of LS174 to the effector cells .On the contrary,IL-6 showed no effect on the A 375 cell line. It is assumed that this difference might result from the discrepancy of the recognition molecules existed on the cell surface between these two cell lines.

Objective To divide the medical services currently offered by various medical institutions into priority,extended and non-essential items.Methods The items were divided according to their actual usage at these hospitals,and such services were screened based on hospital positioning and clinical pathway of diseases.Results The selected priority services at the primary,secondary and tertiary hospitals were 255, 378 and 820 respectively.Their proportions in total medical services of these hospitals were 92.9%,95.9% and 97.4% respectively,and the proportion of their costs in total medical service costs were 57.9%,76.8% and 84.5% respectively.Conclusions The selected priority items had covered most of the services and costs,which deserve promotions at all the hospitals as it embodied the principle of benefiting the majority of the population.

Objective To determine the main contents and key points of the essential medical services by means of priority setting of diseases with high incidence and serious damage based on the demand of residential medical services.Methods The priority setting method is applied in this study,and the incidence,prevalence,hospitalization rates and the ratio of different types of inpatient are used as indicators to reflect medical demand and utilization.The integrated balance method is also used,and the priority diseases list is made based on the analysis from the view of disease onset,considering the service delivery,social equity and the health financing.Results Based on the data analysis made,this paper proposed that the priority diseases cover 29,66 and 103 types for primary hospitals,secondary hospitals and tertiary hospitals respectively.The main diseases so determined include hypertension,diabetes, maternal and child health,severe mental illness,infectious diseases,emergency treatment,etc.Conclusions The method and result of setting priority disease and main disease can be the basis of setting for main diseases in essential medical services.

Boundaries definition plays a key role in defining the scope of essential medical coverage of the country and the governmental role positioning in medical service offerings.It is also a precondition of furthering the ongoing healthcare reform.This paper analyzed the data of health service demand,supply and financing using the priority setting and the integrated balance methods.It suggested that the definition of the essential medical services should embody Chinese characteristics and be consistent with the Party′s governing philosophy and social core values.It also should be fully considered that the administration system,the governing philosophy,the medical insurance system and the government duty in the healthcare system of China.This paper proposed a multiple-criteria defining of the essential medical services,which should focus on main healthcare issues in China,and be adapted to the current healthcare reform process.Three dimensions need to be considered in the defining,which are the demand,supply and financing of the healthcare services,along with the impact of the housing,equipment,personnel, technology,supplies,drugs and other medical service elements.This paper presented the overall framework of essential medical services in four levels,which is composed of the basic package,the core package,the priority package and the expansion package.

BACKGROUND:Bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells(BMSCs)have the properties involving high proliferation capability,widely distribution,functional tissue repair after injury,as well as immune modulation,by which bring us extensive therapeutic possibilities.There are plenty of methods for isolation of BMSCs,yet,BMSCs exhibit discrepancies in varied growth stage and culture conditions.Up to now,there has been no agreement about the identification methods for cultured BMSCs.OBJECTIVE:To review the isolation methods and biological characteristics of BMSCs,and to compare the differential expression of BMSCs between in serum and serum-free medium,prior to and after proliferation,as well as before and after induction.METHODS:A computer-based online search was performed using key words of "bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells,isolation,culture,induce,marker,and characterization" to find documents published in the database of CNKI (http://dlib.cnki.net/kns50/)or Pubmed(http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/PubMed)from January 2003 to June 2009.The languages were limited Chinese and English.A total of 237 literatures were searched by the computer.RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The positive rates of CD44 and CD34 of BMSCs isolated by the whole bone marrow culture were smaller than that of the density gradient centrifugation.However,BMSCs isolated by the whole bone marrow culture were superior to those isolated by the density gradient centrifugation in cell viability,proliferation rate,confluence time,as well as generation time.Other methods for BMSCs isolation had drawbacks of large cost and high requirement of experimental equipments.Following conditions were used to identify BMSCs:cell adherence,cell surface molecule labeling,strong self-proliferation ability,as well as potentials multi-directional differentiation.BMSCs exhibit differential expression between in serum and serum-free medium,prior to and after proliferation,as well as before and after induction.

The paper presented the principles and references for identifying services of the primary health care at townships and villages in Beijing, and proposed the screening criteria for primary health care package in rural Beijing. Studies made have identified the screening results for the package applicable to both townships and villages in Beijing, along with analysis for the rationale, applicability and operability of the package. Moreover, it probed into the assurance conditions for offering primary health care as a reference for other regions in the country.

Objective To understand the influence of the disease-based hierarchical medical system on inpatients flow covered by the new rural cooperative medical system ( NRCMS) , and that on the funding diversion and medical costs so incurred. Methods One county was selected from the eastern, central and western regions of China respectively, where the disease-based hierarchical medical system has been in place. Policy documents of the three counties were reviewed to analyze such changes as NRCMS inpatients flow, inpatients subsidy diversion, NRCMS fund surplus rate of the current year and medical costs per hospitalization before and after the system was in place. Results A comparison with 2014 found a 1. 26%drop of the out-of-county inpatients of county W of the western region, a 2. 00% increase of township hospitals inpatients of county D in the middle region, and the same ratio of out-of-county and in-county inpatients in county F of the eastern region in 2015. Compared with 2014, the fund surplus rate of county W increased 10. 46%, and the inpatient subsidy ratio of county D decreased 2. 51% for those in out-of-county medical institutions in 2015. Thanks for the quota payment of specific diseases under global budget in county W, the inpatient medical costs per hospitalization dropped at both county and township medical institutions. Conclusions The disease-based hierarchical medical system could optimize the NRCMS inpatients distribution among various medical institutions, conducive for establishment and operation of such a system.