87 subjects aged 10-69 with the diagnosis of systemic erythema lupus-SLE (82.67% female) were treated in Marine Medicine Centre at Hai Phong College of Medicine and Viet Tiep Hospital. The most common age is 20-49 (65.82%). Most common clinical signs are anemia 67.82%, arthritis 65.51%, erythema 64.37%, ulcer of month 32.18%, sensitive to light 27.84%, disk shape erythema 16.09%. The rate of positive antinucleus antibody in SEL is 66.67%, anti ds DNA – 60.92% with the technique of indirect fluorescein using basal subtract as antigene Crithidia lucilae and Hep-2 cells. The value of immunological examination contributes to early diagnosis of SLE with the rate of 83.91%, helping to follow the progress of condition during the management
Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic ; diagnosis ; Therapeutics ; immunology

The expression of inducible co-stimulator (ICOS) in peripheral blood T lymphocytes from the patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) and the role in the pathogenesis of SLE was investigated. By using two-color immunofluorescent staining and flow cytometric assay, the expression levels of ICOS in peripheal blood T lymphocytes from 33 patients with SLE and 16 healthy volunteers were detected. SLE diseases activity index (SLEDAI) of the patients with SLE was used to evaluate the disease activity. The correlation between the ICOS expression and SLEDAI was analyzed among the groups. The results showed that the expression levels of ICOS in T lymphocytes in active SLE group was markedly higher than those in the control and inactive SLE groups (both P< 0.01). There was no significant difference in the expression levels of ICOS between the inactive SLE and the control groups (P>0.05). In active SLE and inactive SLE groups, positive linear correlation was found between the levels of the ICOS expression in T lymphocytes and SLEDAI (r=0. 711, P=0.001; r=0.561, P=0.03). It was suggested that the expression of ICOS in peripheral blood T lymphocytes from the patients with active SLE was up-regulated and and ICOS might be related to the pathogenesis of SLE.
Antigens, Differentiation, T-Lymphocyte/*biosynthesis ; Antigens, Differentiation, T-Lymphocyte/genetics ; Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic/blood ; Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic/etiology ; Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic/*immunology ; T-Lymphocytes/*immunology

T-cell DNA hypomethylation can increase expression of genes that have potential relation to autoimmunity. CD70 overexpression may be associated with B-cell activation and immunoglobulin secretion, while perforin plays an important role in T-cell-mediated macrophage apoptosis. DNA hypomethylation can activate human endogenous retroviruses (HERV) sequences. Expression of HERV components may elicit autoantibodies production. Polyamines change structure of chromosome and interfere with DNA methylation process, which is involved in the pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases.
DNA Methylation ; Humans ; Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic ; etiology ; genetics ; immunology

OBJECTIVETo review the development of T follicular helper (TFH) cells and their role in systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) pathogenesis, the effect of dendritic cells (DCs) on TFH cells in SLE, as well as the potential use of TFH cells as a new therapeutic target in clinical practice.

DATA SOURCESThe data used in this review were retrieved mainly from the PubMed database (1989-2013). The terms used in the literature search were "T follicular helper cells," "systemic lupus erythematosus," and "dendritic cells."

STUDY SELECTIONRelevant publications about the TFH cells development, the interaction between the TFH cells and the DCs, and the clinical applications of TFH cells were identified, retrieved, and reviewed.

RESULTSTFH cells, a novel distinct CD4+ T cell subset, are specialized in providing help to B cells in the formation of germinal centers (GCs) and long-term protective humoral immune responses. The development of TFH cells from naïve CD4+ T cell is a multistep process. As the pivot of immunoregulation, DCs are indispensable for TFH cells generation. In addition to receptor-ligand interactions between TFH cells and DCs, the cytokines secreted by DCs are also necessary for TFH cell generation. TFH cell dysregulation has been implicated in the development of SLE. More evidence from animal models of SLE and SLE patients suggests that TFH cells are necessary for pathogenic autoantibody production. Therefore, therapeutically targeting TFH cells can be a promising approach to treat antibody-mediated autoimmune diseases including SLE.

CONCLUSIONTFH cells play a critical role in the pathogenesis of SLE, making them attractive therapeutic targets in clinical practice.

Annular erythema (AE) associated with anti-Ro (SSA) and/or La (SSB) autoantibody in patients with Sjogren syndrome (SS) or with SS/systemic lupus erythematosus overlap syndrome (SS/SLE), has recently been described in Orientals, and it may be a counterpart of annular skin lesion of the subacute cutaneous LE seen mostly in Caucasians. The author examined five Korean AE patients in respect to dinical diversity. In this small-sample study, subtle differences appeared between individual cases regarding the serologic features and the diagnoses of the disease. Among the five cases, four had circulating anti-Ro and anti-La antibodies, and one had only anti-La. Regarding the diagnosis, one was SS/SLE, two were primary SS, and the remaining two were only "AE associated with anti-Ro/La antibody". There seem to be a wide clinical spectrum in the disease expression of AE associated with anti-Ro/La autoantibody than previously thought.
Adolescence ; Adult ; Antibodies, Antinuclear/immunology* ; Case Report ; Erythema/immunology* ; Erythema/etiology ; Female ; Human ; Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic/immunology* ; Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic/complications ; Male ; Sjogren's Syndrome/immunology* ; Sjogren's Syndrome/complications

Animals ; Autoimmune Diseases ; etiology ; immunology ; Dendritic Cells ; immunology ; Humans ; Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic ; etiology ; immunology

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease caused by abnormal immune regulation and excessive production of autoantibodies, which characterized by T and B cell dysfunction and excessive production of pathological cytokines and autoantibodies. Vascular endothelia and subendothelial collagen were injured by harmful antibodies, so that the body was in a thrombophilic state, increasing the multi-system and multi-organ damage of body. Mesenchymal stem cells (MSC) are as multipotent cells, capable of multilineage differentiation, self-renewal, homing, inflammatory chemotaxis, immune regulation and reconstruction. To date, MSC are known to affect not only T cells, but also other cells of the immune system. MSC can inhibit or promote B cell proliferation, suppress NK cell activation and modulate the cytokine secretion profile of dendritic cells and macrophages. Thus decreasing the secretion of harmful cytokines and autoantibodies, can ease the thrombosis-prone state of the body, reducing the incidence of thrombosis. In addition, MSC are able to differentiate into various types of tissue cells, such as hematopoietic cells, endothelial cells, liver cells, nerve cells, bone cells, cartilage cells etc, therefore, MSC can repair the damaged tissues and organs. In this article, the advance of studies on immune regulation and repair mechanisms of MSC on incident thrombosis in SLE is reviewed.
Humans ; Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic ; immunology ; pathology ; Mesenchymal Stromal Cells ; immunology ; Thrombosis ; immunology ; pathology

Systemic lupus erythematosus(SLE)is a chronic autoimmune disease that involves multiple organs and tissues.Its pathogenic mechanism remains unclear.Impaired inflammatory response and reduced clearance of immune cells are key events in the development of SLE,during which the pentraxin family plays an important role.This article summarizes recent advances in the relationship between anti-C-reactive protein autoantibody and SLE.
Autoantibodies ; immunology ; C-Reactive Protein ; immunology ; Humans ; Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic ; immunology

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is an autoimmune disease with causes including activation of innate and adaptive immune systems. SLE patients are with a high risk of thrombosis, which may be due to disease activation, immune complexes, toxic antibodies and high level of inflammation. This article discusses neutrophil/NET factor, antibody factor, platelet factor and particle factor which is involved in coagulation pathways and thrombus formation mechanism under the state of immune disorders in SLE.
Blood Coagulation ; Blood Coagulation Factors ; Humans ; Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic ; immunology ; Thrombophilia ; immunology ; Thrombosis

Systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) is a prototype for multi-system, autoimmune diseases of unknown etiology, characterized by the production of autoantibodies. SLE can involve any organ system of the body with constitutional symptoms, including musculoskeletal, skin, renal, neuropsychiatric, cardiovascular, respiratory and gastrointestinal systems. These wide spectra of disease manifestations have made disease classification difficult. American College of Rheumatology (ACR) proposed classification criteria for SLE for research purpose in 1982, which had been widely used for research purpose and not for diagnosis. In 1997, these criteria were updated with further recognition of antiphospholipid antibodies, but not validated. But ACR criteria didn't still meet the necessity for earlier diagnosis of SLE. In order to improve clinical relevance and incorporate new knowledge to the field of lupus immunology, the Systemic Lupus Erythematosus International Collaborating Clinics (SLICC), an international lupus expert group dedicated to clinical research on lupus, revised the ACR systemic lupus classification criteria in 2012. The new 2012 SLICC criteria were validated using a large set of patient scenarios rated by experts. The history and diagnostic utility of SLE criteria are covered in this review.
Allergy and Immunology ; Antibodies, Antiphospholipid ; Autoantibodies ; Autoimmune Diseases ; Classification* ; Diagnosis ; Humans ; Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic* ; Rheumatology ; Skin