Objective To investigate the effects of seed sources and storage conditions on the seed germination rate of Valeriana officinalis. Methods The seeds of V. officinalis under different storage conditions were used as materials for germination test, and the germination rate was calculated and compared according to the results. Results The seed germination rate of valerians is varied with different sources. The seed germination rate of V. officinalis is higher than that of V. officinalis var. latifolia, and the seed germination rate of cultivated valeriana is much higher than that of the wild plant. The storage periods, storage temperature, and germination conditions also affect the germination rate. Conclusion To maintain the seed germination rate, the seed of V. officinalis should be stored in conditions with ventilation and at suitable low temperature. Lower temperature helps to prolong the seed life with relatively high germination rate. Valeriana seed should also be propagated at available temperature conditions in proper seasons.

Objective To investigate a new method using Image-Pro Plus (IPP) combined with Photoshop image analysis software to quantitatively measure the changes in microcirculation in hippocampus.Methods Twenty-two Japanese white rabbits that had received bilateral carotid artery ligation for 2 weeks without neurological dysfunction were divided into a subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) group and a control group, 11 rabbits in each group. The rabbit model of symptomatic cerebral vasospasm was established by the method of twice injecting blood into occipital cistern. On the 7th day after the first time of injecting blood, the rabbits were sacrificed, cerebral perfusion fixation was carried out, the hippocampus was harvested, and CD34 was determined by immunohistochemical determination. IPP 6.0 combined with Photoshop image analysis software was used to quantitatively measure the count of hippocampal microvessels density (MVD) and the field (for statistics)/microvascular capillary area ratio was calculated.Results CD34 could effectively identify microvascular endothelial cells, and using IPP 6.0 could automatically and accurately calculate MVD and field (for statistics)/micrevascular area ratio in hippocampus. Compared with the control group, in SAH group, the MVD and the area ratio in hippocampus were significantly reduced, the differences being statistically significant [MVD (count/area): 3.87±0.67 vs. 5.17±0.53, area ratio: (0.86±0.20)% vs. (1.40±0.17)%, bothP < 0.05].Conclusions CD34 can be used to identify microvessels, IPP 6.0 image analysis software co-Photoshop is a high efficient and accurate new method to measure the microvessels count and calculate the field/microvessel area ratio, not only it is easy to operate, but also the data can be automatically calculated and generated, reflecting precisely the changes in microcirculation in hippocampus after symptomatic cerebral vasospasm in rabbits.

To analyze amino acid and fatty acid of Fructus Broussonetiae . The amino acids of Fructus Broussonetiae were analyzed with automatic amino acid instrument and fatty acids were analyzed with GC MS Computer system. More than 14 amino acids were analyzed and the fatty acid from Fructus Broussonetiae contains 17 compounds, of which 8,11 octadecadienoic acid and Hexadecanoic acid are main components.The abundance of amino acids and unsaturated fatty acid may contribute to the tonic function of Fructus Broussonetiae .

Objective To observe the effect of buspirone on ataxia symptom after stroke.Methods 30 patients with ataxia after stroke were treated with buspirone,other 30 patients without buspirone as controls.Before and after treatment,they were assessed with ataxia-scale.Results The buspirone can significantly improve the ataxia of patients with stroke compared with the controls(P<0.01).Conclusion Short-term treatment with buspirone can improve the ataxia symtoms after stroke.

To study the chemical constituents of Fructus Xanthii and to determine the contents of total phenolic acids (TPA) in fruits of Xanthium from different populations for evaluating the quality of them.

Objective To explore the etiology and the fungi distribution in patients with complex renal calculi,as well as the therapeutic efficacy of minimally invasive percutaneous nephrolithotomy(MPCNL).Methods The mid-stream urine culture was underwent in 891 cases of patients with complex renal calculi.The MPCNL were performed in patients with complex renal calculi combined with fungous infection.Results Of 891 patients with complex renal calculi,3.7%(33/891) patients were presented with fungous infection,including 60.61%(20/33) with Candida albicans and 39.39%(13/33) with Candida glabrata.All the 33 patients had long-term use of broad spectrum antibiotics from 25 to 92 days(averaged 45.8 days).The patients with complex renal calculi combined with fungous infection were treated with MPCNL.The stone-free rate was 87.88%(29/33) and the insignificance stone-residual rate was 12.12%(4/33).Conclusion The patients with complex renal calculi are apt to fungous infection and the abuse of broad spectrum antibiotics should be avoided.The MPCNL is safe and reliable for the treatment of the patients with complex renal calculi combined with fungous infection.

OBJECTIVE:To understand the pharmacists’knowledge for the rational drug use in the elderly,and to provide ref-erence for promoting the role of pharmacists in it. METHODS:A questionnaire was designed according to the Beers Criteria(2012 edition)to investigate the situation of pharmacists’(who were from some third-grade class-A hospitals in Guangzhou and some sec-ond-grade class-A hospitals in Foshan)knowledge for rational drug use in the elderly,and the data was statistically analyzed. RE-SULTS:Totally 190 questionnaires were sent out,and 176 were recycled with effective recovery of 92.63%. In the investigation, 30.11% of the pharmacists knew the knowledge well,23.30% was poor,and the rest was moderate. From 20 questions,the cor-rect answer rate more than 80% was only 5. Pharmacists in clinical pharmacy department showed higher score than those in non-clinical pharmacy department,the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05);the pharmacists worked in clinical pharma-cy,or pharmacists with higher title and longer working time acquired higher score,there was significant difference in the scores of pharmacists with different titles and working time(P<0.05);there was no significant difference among pharmacists from differ-ent grades of hospitals and education background(P>0.05). CONCLUSIONS:The pharmacists are not familiar with the rational use of drugs knowledge in the elderly well,and the understanding is related to working department,professional title and working time. It is necessary to strengthen the training and examination of pharmacists in rational drug use in the elderly,value and develop the construction of clinical pharmacy for the elderly actively.

OBJECTIVEThe research aimed to investigate the entophytic fungal community of Vitex negundo var. cannabifolia, including the biodiversity from different organs and the correlations with habitations.

METHODPDA medium was used to isolate and purify the endophytic fungi in V. negundo var. cannabifolia. The purified strains were identified by morphology together with similarity of 5.8S gene and internal transcribed spacer (ITS) sequence.

RESULTNinety-seven strains of endophytic fungi were isolated from V. negundo var. cannabifolia. They were identified belonging to 12 species, 10 genera, 8 families and 6 orders, while 60 isolations identified into 9 species, 9 genus ,7 families and 6 orders were obtained from the wild plants and 37 belonging to 7 species, 5 genus, 3 families and 3 orders were from the cultivated ones.

CONCLUSIONIt indicated that the entophytic fungi in V. negundo var. cannabifolia were diverse, and there were some differences at quantity and species in different sites and organs of V. negundo var. cannabifolia.

Objective: To study the effects of TCFC on proliferation and osteogenic action of osteoblast in neonatal rat calvaria cultures in vitro. Methods: Osteoblasts were isolated from neonatal rat calvaria through trypsin and collagenase digestion. The proliferation and collagen synthesis were assayed by 3H TdR and 3H proline incorporation. The activity of ALP was measured by p nitrophenyl sodium phosphate assay. The ipriflavone was used as positive control drug.Results: TCFC significantly promoted bone cell proliferation, alkaline phosphatase activity and collage synthesis.Conclusion: TCFC had the anti osteoporosis action by promoting osteoblast proliferation, ALP activity and collage synthesis.

Objective To investigate the effect of Shenmai injection on purine content in rat cerebral cortex in order to provide a theoretical basis concerning its brain protective mechanism. Methods Sixteen Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats were randomly divided into two groups:normal saline control group and Shenmai injection group, with 8 rats in each group. Shenmai injection 15 mL/kg was injected intraperitoneally into the rats in Shenmai injection group, while in the normal saline group, an equal volume of normal saline was intraperitoneally injected. After the injection for 24 hours, the rats were sacrificed, and the cerebral cortex was removed on ice, homogenized and its supernatant was extracted;then high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was used to detect adenosine triphosphate (ATP), adenosine diphosphate (ADP), adenosine monophosphate (AMP), adenosine and inosine contents in the supernatant of cerebral cortex. Results Compared with normal saline control group, ATP, ADP, AMP, adenosine and creatinine content in the cerebral cortex of Shenmai injection group were significantly higher, the differences being statistically significant [ATP (ng/L): 31.62±5.12 vs. 20.25±4.53, ADP (ng/L): 37.04±6.72 vs. 25.12±7.35, AMP (ng/L): 87.82±20.37 vs. 33.23±10.34, adenosine (ng/L): 2.82±0.15 vs. 1.12±0.61, creatinine (ng/L): 11.72±1.05 vs. 6.05±2.55, P < 0.05 or P<0.01]. Conclusion Shenmai injection can elevate ATP, ADP, AMP, adenosine and creatinine contents in the cerebral cortex of rats, possibly that is the theoretical basis for brain protective mechanism of Shenmai injection.