0.05), respectively. Conclusions Above data indicated that the ETB 2 could significantly restrain the development of mice liver cancer, and the effects depended on the time of administration. The mechanism may be due to its' effects of antiangiogensis, increasing necrosis and decreasing proliferation. Bifidobacterium has no significant antitumor function but could improve the immune function. Bifidobacterium may cooperate with endostatin in antitumor process.

This study was conducted to assess the diagnostic value of serum CA19 9 in patients with pancreatic cancer. Seven hundred and seventy eight patients with the diagnosis of pancreatic cancer were involved in the study, and every patient had serum CA19 9 determined. The descriptive statistics and correlation analysis were used to evaluate the serum CA19 9 as an index in patients with pancreatic cancer. Results showed that 80 33% patients had the serum CA19 9 value higher than 37U/ml. Further more, a positive correlation was found between the serum CA19 9 and the TNM status of pancreatic cancer( r =0 513, P

Our aim was to assess the curative effect of endoscopic stenting in patients with pancreatic fistula. One patient suffered from pancreatic fistula was treated by pancreatic stenting drainage. The patient′s condition was significantly improved after endoscopic treatment, and no complications such as abdominal pain, bleeding, perforation, and elevation of serum amylase level were found. The fistula was cured in one week. Followed up for 5 months, no relapse of pancreatic fistula was found, and body weight of the patient increased 4kg. The results of B ultrasonography and abdominal X ray examination were also normal. So pancreatic stenting drainage is an effective and safe therapy for pancreatic fistula and should be the first choice.

To assess the therapeutic value of endoscopic treatment in pancreas divisum(PD), 5 cases of PD from January 1993 to December 2001 were involved and analyzed retrospectively. Dilatation of minor papilla by passage of a balloon was used in one patient, and tapered catheter passed over guide wire was used in three patients, whereas endoscopic minor papilla sphincterotomy was used in one patient. Pancreatic stents were put into the accessory pancreatic duct in three patients after endoscopic minor papilla dilatation or sphincterotomy. The diameter of the stents was 7F and the length was 3 5cm, 5cm and 6cm. Severe pancreatitis, hemorrage or perforation was not found after endoscopic treatment, except in two patients the serum amylase level elevated within 24h and returned normal after 48h. After endoscopic treatment the remission rate of abdominal pain was up to 100%. By follow up for 5～36 months (average 18 months), no relapse of abdominal pain and complications were found except one patient who had stent occlusion and replaced by a new stent. So endoscopic treatment is a safe and effective therapeutic technique for symptomatic PD and should be used as the first choice.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the diagnostic value of MRCP and ERCP in patients with chronic pancreatitis. A total of 262 patients were diagnosed as charonic pancreatitis by clinical feature, screenage and pathology from January 1993 to December 2001 in Changhai Hospital. Among them 120 patients who had been subjected to MRCP and ERCP were analyzed retrospectively. There were 106 patients discovered constriction, dilatation and calculuses of pancreatic, bile ducts, and diagnosed chronic pancreatitis by MRCP, the sensitivity was 88 3%. Also there were 108 patients discovered cholangiopancreatic disorder and diagnosed chronic pancreatitis by ERCP, the sensitivity was 90%. No statistical difference was found between interpretations based upon MRCP and ERCP( P =0 678). Results from both MRCP and ERCP discovered 96 patients with chronic pancreatitis; the agreement rate in diagnosis was 81 4%. Furthermore, 118 patients were diagnosed chronic pancreaitis by MRCP or ERCP, and the sensitivity was up to 98 3%. In addition, all examined patients were succeeded and no severe complications were found in regard to examination itself. So MRCP is as sensitive as ERCP when detecting chronic pancreatitis. Furthermore, it is feasible to presume that all chronic pancreatitis cases could be diagnosed by MRCP combined with ERCP.

The purpose of the present study was to assess the diagnostic value of endoscopic ultrasonography(EUS) and ERCP separately and their combination in chronic pancreatitis. There were 262 cases of chronic pancreatitis from January 1993 to May 2001 in our hospital. Among them 60 cases examined by ERCP and EUS were analyzed retrospectively. The constriction and dilatation of main pancreatic duct and pancreatic duct stones were found by EUS. In all, there were 49 patients who diagnosed chronic pancreatitis by EUS and the accuracy rate was 81 7%. On the other hand, there were 52 patients were diagnosed chronic pancreatitis by ERCP and the accuracy rate was 86 7%. There were also 6 patients who diagnosed by ERCP but undiagnosed by EUS, their coincidence rate was 90%. Furthermore, 59 patients were diagnosed by ERCP in combination with EUS and the accuracy rate was 98 3% ( vs sole ERCP or sole EUS respectively, P

To evaluate the possible method for the diagnosis and treatment of chronic pancreatitis (CP), two hundred and sixty two cases of CP from January 1993 to May 2001 were involved and analyzed retrospectively. Etiologic factors in this group included 68 3% of biliary disorders, 21 4% of alcoholic intake, 29 8% of acute pancreatitis (AP) episode history, and 13% of pancreatic divisum (PD). The major symptom of CP was discomfort or pain over the upper abdominal. Ultrasonography, CT, MRCP, ERCP, and EUS were useful for the diagnosis of CP. One hundred and thirty two patients were treated conservatively, and 78 patients were treated with endoscopy, while only 52 patients were treated with operation. The short term remission rates of symptoms were satisfactory in all cases, and long term ones in 238 patients. Biliary disorders were the most common etiology for CP in this group.The results suggest that the clinical symptoms of CP are not specific and choices of image tools for diagnosis of CP are important. Medication can be used in mild CP patients, but in patients ac companied with sever complications and stubborn abdominal pain surgical operation should be carried out. Furthermore, endoscopy is a useful tool not only for the diagnosis of CP but also for its treatment.

Objective To explore the expression and significance of hedgehog signal molecules (Ptch,Smo and Gli1 ) in chronic pancreatitis tissues in rats.MethodsSixty SD rats were randomly divided into CP group (n =50) and control group (n =10).DBTC solvent (8 mg · ml-1 · kg-1 ) was injected into the rat via tall vein in CP group.In control group,rats were treated only with the solvent at a dose of 1ml/kg body weight.All rats were sacrificed 6 weeks later to observe the pancreatic pathologic changes.Collagen accumulation in pancreatic sections was determined by staining for Sirius red.Expressions of Ptch,Smo,Gli1 mRNA and protein in pancreatic tissues were assessed by RT-PCR and immunohistochemistry.ResultsThe rate of chronic pancreatitis development in rats in CP group within six weeks was 73.9％.Collagen content was markedly higher in CP group than that in control group [ ( 38.52 ± 6.49 ) ％ ~s (7.37 ± 2.28 ) ％,P ＜ 0.05 ].No Path,Smo,Gli1 protein expression was observed in normal pancreatic tissues in control group.The positive rate of Ptch,Smo,Gli 1 expression was 73.5％,64.7％ and 52.9％ in CP group,and the difference between the two groups was statistically significant (P ＜ 0.05).The expressions of Ptch,Smo,Gli1 mRNA were 2.38 ±0.42,3.85 ± 1.03,4.63 ± 1.49 in CP group,which were significantly higher than those in control group (0.23 ±0.16,0.14 ±0.05,0.57 ±0.12,P ＜0.05).ConclusionsThe Ptch,Smo,Gli1 was highly expressed in pancreatic tissues in CP rats,suggests hedgehog messenger pathway may play an important role in the chronic inflammation and fibrosis of chronic pancreatitis.

Objective To explore the expression and significance of hedgehog signal molecules (Ptch, Smo and Gli1 ) in pancreatic cancer. Methods Two hundred SD rats were randomly divided into DMBA group ( group A, n = 90), cyclopamine intervening group ( group B, n = 90) and control group ( group C, n = 20).For group A and B, DMBA was directly implanted into the parenchyma of the pancreas to establish the model of pancreatic cancer. The rats in group B were treated with 6.25 ml/kg cyclopamine and DMSO solution intraperitoneally daily. All rats were sacrificed four months later to observe the pancreatic tissue pathologic changes, and immunohistochemistry SP was used to detect the expression of Ptch, Smo, Gli1 protein in pancreatic cancer and normal pancreatic tissue. Results The prevalence rate of pancreatic cancer in group A was 57.5％ (46/80), the maximum size of the tumor was 0.5 ～ ＞2 cm; the prevalence rate of pancreatic cancer in group B was 17.1％ ( 14/82), the maximum size of the tumor was 0.5 ～ 2.0 cm, and the difference between the two group was statistically significant (P ＜0.05). The positive expression rate of Ptch, Smo and Gli1 protein was 82.6％, 73.9％ and 65.2％ in DMBA group, and was 50.0％, 42.9％ and 28.6％ in cyclopamine group, and the difference between the two group was statistically significant ( P ＜ 0.05 ). Ptch,Smo and Gli1 protein was expressed in normal pancreatic tissue. Conclusions Direct implantation of DMBA in the parenchyma of rat pancreas can induce pancreatic cancer with a high incidence in a short time.Hedgehog signal protein expression is significantly increased, cyclopamine can inhibit the occurrence and progression of pancreatic cancer by inhibiting Hedgehog messenger expression.

AIM:To study the induction of apoptosis of pheochromocytoma (PC12) cell by L - dopa and the clinical significance. METHODS: Using PC12 cells as the medel of dopaminergic neurons,in addition to electron microscopy, agarose gel electrophoresis and flow cytometry, the apoptosis ratio by L - dopa and the effect of antioxi- dant glutathione on PC12 cells were observed. RESULTS: Treabent of PC12 cells with L - dopa in concentrations of 50 ?mol/L, 100?mol/L and 150 ?mol/L respectively for 24 hours, results revealed that the apoptosis ratio was 12. 8%, 24.4%, 37. 2%, respectively, which is in cobant with fragment pragment propartions of agarose gel electrophoresis, mere higher than that of control(2. 3% ) (P 0 .05). CONCLUTION: Induction of apoptosis by L - dopa could be inhibited by glutathione, and oxidative damage may be involved in the pathophysiology of dopaminergic neurons death after long - term treat- ment of L - dopa.