Recently,commercialized infant body plethysmography has been widely used in clinic and re-search,especially with the publication of recommendation for this equipment and methodology. As the most valu-able equipment in measuring airway resistance and lung volume,infant body plethysmography can show series of valuable data on lung function,which is important in assessing pulmonary growth and development,evaluating respiratory mechanics and helping diagnose disease. However,the application of infant body plethysmography in clinic and physiology measurements is still limited by the effectivity of this equipment and appropriate reference values. This review is to introduce body plethysmography in infants,describe frequently-used data of lung func-tion,and discuss its potential clinical significance and availability of reference values.

Modern medicine makes it possible to turn those former impossible ideas into reality.Meanwhile,more and more social and ethical issues are also drawing public attention arising from the development of modern medicine.This paper explores reasonable and feasible countermeasures to cope with the ethical issues brought by modern medical development from a cultural perspective.

Objective To observe the behavioral and the histopathology changes and expression of NR2B subunit in spinal dorsal horn in chronic constriction injury (CCI) rats after pulsed radiofrequency (PRF). Methods Forty-eight adult Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into Sham-Sham (SS), Sham-PRF (SP), CCI-Sham (CS) and CCI-PRF (CP) groups. The right sciatic nerves (SNs) of the CS and CP groups were ligated to create the CCI model. For the SS and SP groups, the right SNs were separated without ligation. The CP and SP groups accepted PRF at the ligation site 15 days after modeling, while the electrode was placed in rats in the SS and CS groups without elec-tricity. The hindpaw withdrawal threshold (HWT) was measured before and 3, 7, 11, 15 days after modeling, and 1, 3, 7, 11, 15 days after treatment. The right SNs at ligation sites were assessed with optical microscopic score 15 days after treatment, and the NR2B expression in the L4-6 spinal dorsal horn were determined with Western blotting. Results HWT was significantly shorter in the CS and CP groups than in the SS and SP groups after modeling, and was more in the CP group than in the CS group. Under the optical microscope, the axonal diame-ter and myelin sheath thickness increased in the CP group compared to those in the CS group (P<0.01), the NR2B expression was less in the CP group than in the CS group after treatment (F=10.769, P<0.05). Conclusion PRF may reduce hyperalgesia and repair damaged SNs in CCI-induced neuropathic pain, which may associate with inhibition of the NR2B subunit expression in spinal dorsal horn.

Bronchoalveolar Lavage ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Pneumonia, Mycoplasma ; therapy ; Pulmonary Atelectasis ; therapy

Airway Obstruction ; complications ; diagnosis ; etiology ; surgery ; Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid ; microbiology ; Bronchoscopy ; Child, Preschool ; Colony Count, Microbial ; Female ; Foreign Bodies ; surgery ; Gram-Positive Bacteria ; isolation & purification ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Respiratory Tract Infections ; diagnosis ; etiology ; microbiology ; Staphylococcus aureus ; isolation & purification

0.05). However, egg production (0.37?0.22 egg/hen? day) and feed efficiency(0.21 ?0.11 egg kg/feed kg) in group 4(FSD) increased 54.2% and 61.5% respectively. The results from this study showed that egg cholesterol significantly decreased when laying hens were fed fiber-sequestrant.

Objective To investigate the developmental profiles on surface expression and colocalization of NMDA receptor and AMPA receptor on dendritic structures in cultured hippocampal neurons of rats. Methods Two vectors expressing green fluorescent protein tagged GluR1 subunit(GFP-GluR1) and FLAG tagged NR2B subunit(FLAG-NR2B) were co-transfected into cultured hippocampal neurons at 5 days in vitro(DIV5).Surface expressed GFP-GluR1 containing AMPA receptor clusters and FLAG-NR2B containing NMDA receptor clusters were then labeled in living neurons by using anti-GFP primary antibody followed by Alex488-conjugated secondary antibody,and anti-FLAG primary antibody followed by Cy3-conjugated secondary antibody.Furthermore,distribution of the surface clusters was observed on the detailed dendritic structures visualized with co-expression of cyan fluorescent protein tagged actin(CFP-Actin). Results The numbers for GluR1 containing AMPA receptor clusters,NR2B containing NMDA receptor clusters,and colocalized receptor clusters per 100*!?m dendrite in DIV7 and DIV14 neurons were 59.2?5.6 and 74.8?3.1(P

TheStandardized Manipulations of Acupuncture and Moxibustion has been published and gradually standardized the clinical practice. It provided a solid foundation for the standardization of acupuncture and moxibustion therapeutic effects. It also provided powerful convictable effects on the accuracy and scientificity of acupuncture and moxibustion clinical practice, which gained well-acceptance from patients. In the treatment of certain diseases, acupuncture and moxibustion have become irreplaceable so that acupuncture and moxibustion can be strongly promoted both at home and abroad. There were some common problems occurred during the establishment of the national standardization onStandardized Manipulations of Oral and Lip Acupuncture. This article reviewed, analyzed and discussed questions occurred during the standardization establishment. The results showed that according to the principle of standardized production, a rigorous, scientific and reasonable text standard can be established. Advices or opinions gained during the process can be used as references for future standardization establishment. It was concluded that the standardization of acupuncture had great guidance in the acupuncture clinical application. It is an arduous and long-term mission to achieve and strengthen the position of international standardization of acupuncture and moxibustion. The government should increase the effort on investment and promotion of acupuncture and moxibustion standardization. Conversation and cooperation should also be strengthened with international communities to promote the standardization implementation.

50.0% and increased year by year,the rate of aminoglycoside resistance

OBJECTIVE To study the molecular cytogenetic alterations of transitional cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder with exfoliated cells by fluorescence in situ hybridization(FISH) analysis of chromosome-specific probes.METHODS FISH was performed using 3,7,9 and 17 of chromosome-specific probes to examine chromosome aberration of exfoliated cells in 50 urine samples from patients with transitional cell urinary bladder carcinoma.RESULTS The frequency of numerical aberration of chromosomes 3,7,9 and 17 was 28%,32%,56% and 38% in urinary exfoliated cells,respectively.Loss of chromosome 9 was the most common finding,but it was not correlated with pathological grade of cancer and stage of the disease.Abnormality of chromosomes 3,7 and 17 was associated with the clinical stage.CONCLUSIONS A number of chromosome aberrations are detected in transitional cell carcinoma of the urinary bladder by FISH technique which provides a basis for further understanding of its molecular pathogenesis.It is a rapid,accurate and very sensitive method and can be used in clinical diagnosis.