Objective Through discussing application of case analysis to improve the comprehensive quality of nursing staff,and promote their implementation of high quality nursing care for the patients.Methods all 61 nurses in general wards were trained by daily half-hour case analysis method.After the training,questionnaire was given to investigate the nursing staff's evaluation on case analysis training,and at the same time compared before and after the training,the patients' satisfaction survey result,the monthly examination result of the nursing department,nursing paper quality and the number of nursing adverse events.The relevant data was done by t test orx2 test.Results After the implementation for half an hour case analysis training,most nurses think their own various ability was improved.After the training,the patient satisfaction was (t=-0.391),the monthly assessment score of the nursing department(t=3.823),the quality of care increased(x2=5.495),while the nursing adverse events reduced(x2=6.441),and the difference was statistically significant compared with before the training(P＜0.05).Conclusion Daily half-hour case study method can improve the nursing staff comprehensive quality and scientific research ability,the patients' satisfaction,and reduce the nursing adverse events,which is helpful to clinical practice.

Objective To understand teachers' cognition and behavior of PBL teaching in nursing college.Methods Eighty teachers were investigated by questionnaire at eight nursing colleges in Hunan province.The percentage was used to do statistical description.Results Totally 75 copies of valid questionnaires were returned,the effective recovery rate was 93.75％.Among all,96％ of teachers thought that teacher was the guide;85.3％ teachers thought that students were knowledge's seekers;93.3％ teachers heard of PBL teaching;81.3％ teaches thought that PBL teaching played a positive role ;74.7％ teaches understood PBL teaching by communication or reading literature; 72％ teachers were willing to try PBL teaching;46.8％ teachers emphasized on multidisciplinary knowledge fusion in teaching; 88.3％ teachers encouraged student discussion in class.The main factors effecting PBL teaching were case and problem design,teaching result evaluation,lack of expert guidance and teacher instruction.Conclusion Teachers have certain understanding of PBL.Organizers should formulate related policies for teachers and students in order to create good education environment.

Objective To study the effects of Nitric oxide(NO),Nitric oxide synthases (NOS)on calcium-activated potassium channels (KCa) of mesenteric artery smooth muscle(SMC)between patients with essential hypertension (EH) and normotensive patients.Methods (1)Mesenteric artery branch from 21 EH and 18 normotensive patients respectively was digested by enzyme.Patch clamp technique was used to pull cell-attached and inside-out patches on mesenteric artery SMC from EH.The signal channel open number probability (Po),open dwell-time(To) and close dwell- time(Tc),were recorded.(2)The levels of plasma NO?NOS were measured by colorimetry analysis method.(3)The analysis of linear correlation was performed to estimate the relationship between the levels of plasma NO and Po?To?Tc of KCa of mesenteric artery SMC in the subjects of the two groups.Results (1)Compared to that of normotensive patients,the activities of KCa channels of patients with EH was higher.After adding Ca 2+ to cytoplasm,the Po of KCa channels in normotensive patients increased significantly.But there were few changes in EH group.(2)The levels of plasma NO?NOS were lower in EH group than in control group.(3)Linear correlation analysis showed that the levels of plasma NO were correlated positively with Po?To in normotensive patients,wherese the positive correlation were decreased in EH group.Conclusion The activities of KCa channels of patients with EH increase significantly.but the sensitivity to Ca 2+ decreased.NO?NOS may stimulate the KCa channels of normotensive and EH patients,but they may not be main factors in EH patients.

Blood samples were collected from 10 cases with Billroth Ⅰ gastrectomy(BI),15 cases with Billroth Ⅱ gstrectomy(BⅡ),and 15 cases with pyloroantral flap preserving gastrectomy(PAFPG)were examined to evaluate the changes of plasma insulin and serum gastrin.The blood samples of 8 normal subjects were examined likewise to serve as control.The blood samples were collected in intervals before and after the subject had taken hypertonic glucose solution.It was found that plasma insulin was significantly higher in BⅠ and BⅡ group than in PAFPG group,but it showed no significant difference between the PAFPG group and the control.Serum gastrin was signficantly higher in PAFPG group,BⅠ group,and the control than in BⅡ group.These findings suggest that the changes of insulin and gastrin secretion vary with the type of subtotal gastrectomy.

Abstract: The principles, detection limits, advantages, shortcomings and precautions for procedure of spectrophotometry, atomic absorption spectrometry, potential stripping analysis and osillo-polarography for determination of lead in environmental samples and biological materials were introduced in this paper to provide some reference data for the selecting suitable method for determination of lead based on the various kinds of samples, the samples sizes and the various conditions of analytical instruments and equipments.

To know the characteristics of Shuxuening injection used on cerebral infarction patients in clinical practice, 6 053 cases of Hospital information system (HIS) data from 20 hospitals were analyzed. Using the basic description method and association rules to analysis the data. By analysis the data we found that the average age of cerebral infarction patients who used Shuxuening injection is 67.96, 83.94% of patients were aged 46-80. The injection is administered intravenously,with most patients receiving a dosage of 15-20 mL per dose for between 1 and 14 days. It is always combined with aspirin (48.508%), cinepazide maleate injection (22.073%), atorvastatin calcium tablets (18.873%) in clinical practice. When it comes to two drug combinations, it always combined with cinepazide maleate injection and aspirin (8.178%), nicergoline capsules and aspirin (7.63%). Therefore, based on existing data, we give the conclusion that for the treatment of cerebral infarction Shuxuening injection is mainly used for older patients, and is often combination with similar pharmacological effects chemical drugs, which is complied with the guidelines. However, the wrong dose is still exist, doctors should realize the hiding risk.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Anticoagulants ; therapeutic use ; Aspirin ; therapeutic use ; Atorvastatin Calcium ; Cerebral Infarction ; drug therapy ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; therapeutic use ; Female ; Heptanoic Acids ; therapeutic use ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Piperazines ; therapeutic use ; Pyrroles ; therapeutic use ; Young Adult

Objective To investigate the role of erythrocyte complement receptor type 1 (CR1) in the pathogenesis of chronic urticaria.Methods Venous blood samples were collected from 59 patients with chronic urticaria (including 14 cases of dermatographism and 45 chronic idiopathic urticaria) and 29 healthy human controls.Flow cytometry was carried out to quantify the expression level of CR1,and double-antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to determine the serum level of immunoglobulin E (IgE),complement C3,C4 and 50％ complement hemolytic activity (CH50).Differences in these parameters were analyzed by one-way ANOVA and independent samples t-test,and correlation between these paramenters by Pearson correlation analysis.Results The expression level (expressed as mean fluorescence intensity per 10 000 erythrocytes) of CR1 was significantly higher in patients with dermatographism and chronic idiopathic urticaria than in the healthy controls (35.06 ± 2.06 and 29.17 ± 1.53 vs.20.46 ± 2.57,t =4.20 and 3.33,both P ＜ 0.05),while no statistical difference was observed between the patients with dermatographism and chronic idiopathic urticaria (P ＞ 0.05).Increased total serum IgE levels were observed in patients with dermatographism and chronic idiopathic urticaria compared with the healthy controls ((769.89 ± 123.0) μg/L and (340.09 ± 29.74) μg/L vs.(107.63 ± 88.79) μg/L,t =5.58,5.85,both P ＜ 0.05),and in patients with dermatographism compared with those with chronic idiopathic urticaria (t =3.49,P ＜ 0.05).For patients with chronic urticaria,there was a statistical difference in the expression level of CR1 between individuals (n=22) with total serum IgE levels ranging from 0 to 240 μg/L and those (n =17) higher than 500 μg/L (24.45 ± 10.83 vs.33.09 ± 11.86,t =3.33,P＜ 0.05).The total serum IgE levels were positively correlated with the level of CR1 (r =0.27,P ＜ 0.05),but uncorrelated with that of complement C3 (r =0.16,P ＞ 0.05) or C4 (r =-0.08,P＞ 0.05).The level of complement C3 was positively correlated with that of C4 (r =0.54,P ＜ 0.01).One-way ANOVA revealed no significant difference in the serum levels of complement C3,C4,or CH50 between the patients with dermatographism,patients with chronic idiopathic urticaria and healthy controls (all P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion CR1 is abnormally expressed in patients with chronic urticaria.

Objective To assess the clinical application value of single-source dual energy CT(SSDE),by measuring the multi-slice CT(MSCT) and single-source dual energy CT(SSDE) lower limb fractures image noise and contrast noise ratio(CNR),comparing the difference in the radiation dosage.Methods 39 cases of lower extremity fractures by clinical diagnosis were included in the study.Preoperation or postoperation the patients underwent MSCT scans,postoperation or postoperative follow-up SSDE CT scans were conducted,two sets of images were achieved.We measured and compared conventional CT group with 130 key energy spectrum group (prior studies showed the elimination of metal artifacts,images,subjective scoring the highest photon energy level) no significant artifacts cancellous bone area,compared the image background noise and contrast noise ratio (CNR),and radiation dosage,using paired sample t-test.Results Two sets of data for the same patient before and after surgery or after review of images,which body mass index (BMI) was negligible.The CTDIvol value of the conventional MSCT was (7.94 ± 1.69) mGy,the dual-energy CT was (7.04 ± 0.97) mGy,with significant difference (t =2.71,P ＜ 0.05) ; The image noise of the conventional MSCT was (44.36 ± 15.66) Hu,the dual-energy CT was (15.04 ± 8.23) Hu,with significant difference (t =15.26,P ＜ 0.05) ; The CNR of the conventional MSCT was (3.96 ± 1.78),the dual-energy CT was (4.62 ± 2.80),with significant difference (t =-2.14,P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Compared with conventional MSCT,single source dual-energy CT imaging provides improved image CNR,obviously eliminate metal artifacts,to better show the complex structure for lower limb fracture surgery,and reduction in radiation dosage.

Objective:To investigate the relation of antiradiation effect of LJP and lymphocyte apoptosis. Methods:36 Wistar rats were randomly divided into 6 groups (n=6): control, model,and LJP given i.g.at 4 doses(100,200,300,400 mg/ kg bw) for 10d before whole-body irradiation with 9.0 Gy Co?-ray. 18h later,the effects of LJP on the indices of immune function of the irradiated rats 60 were measured. TUNEL and flow cytometry were used to study the effects of LJP on splenic lymphocyte apoptosis and immunohistochemical technique was used to detect the expression of Bcl-2 and the Bax protein. Results:LJP significantly modulated immune function in irradiated rats. The apoptosis ratio of splenic lymphocyte of the model group was higher than those of other groups. LJP could markedly inhibit the effects of irradiation on apoptosis and increase the ratio of bcl-2/bax protein in dose-effect manner. Conclusion:LJP could inhibit splenic lymphocyte apoptosis induced by irradiation, and its mechanism is associated with regulating the expression of bcl-2 and bax protein of splenic lymphocyte. Key word:laminaria japonica polysaccharides; irradiation; lymphocyte; apoptosis apoptosis-related genes

AIM:To set up the fingerprint chromatograms of chemical principles of Fructus Gardeniae in Jiangxi Province by HPLC. METHODS:The chromatographic seperation was performed on an Eclipse XDB-C_(18) column(4.6 mm?250 mm,5 ?m,Agilent) with a mobile phase consisting of acetonitrile-0.1% phosphoric acid,gradient eluent,at the flow rate of 1.0 mL/min.The UV detection was set at the maximum absorption wavelength at 238 nm for iridoid glycosides and at 440 nm for crocins. RESULTS:Based on the fingerprint chromatograms of water-soluble composition of 12 batches Fructus gardeniae in authentic regions of Jiangxi,we have pinpointed 11 common peaks. CONCLUSION:This method can provide a basis for controlling the quality of Fructus gardeniae and be a means of germplasm resources.