Objective:To analyze the adverse drug reactions(ADR)and clinical application of thalidomide to provide useful reference for rational medication in clinics. Methods:The case reports and literatures from foreign countries on the clinical medication of thalidomide were analyzed and summarized. Results:The ADR of thalidomide included gastrointestinal reaction, hematotoxicity,cadiovascular toxicity,neurotoxicity,skin lesion,pulmonary embolism and so on. Its new medication methods were widely used in clinics. Conclusion:Clinicians and pharmacists should pay more attention to the medication risks and rational use of thalidomide in order to assure the safety and effectiveness of clinical drug use.

OBJECTIVE:To optimize the extraction technology of polysaccharides from antlion and explore its effect on im-mune functions of mice. METHODS:Using content of polysaccharides as investigation index,the effects of extracting polysaccha-rides from antlion by water extraction method protease hydrolysis extraction(optimized by orthogonal test using extraction tempera-ture,enzyme dosage,extraction time as indexes),and diluted alkali extraction(optimized by orthogonal test using alkali concentra-tion,extraction temperature,extraction time as indexes)were compared. 128 KM mice were randomly divided into 4 groups,then randomly divided into control group(normal saline),polysaccharides low-dose,medium-dose,high-dose groups(20,40,80 mg/kg),8 in each group,iv in tail vein,0.2 mL/10 g,once a day,for 1 week,which were respectively used to determine the phago-cytosis percentage and phagocytic index of peritoneal macrophages,spleen and thymus index,lymphocyte transformation rate and serum hemolysin levels. RESULTS:The contents of polysaccharides by 3 methods were 14.48%,38.66%,30.62%,respectively. The content of polysaccharides by protease hydrolysis extraction was the highest,the optimal extraction technology were as follows as using 100 μg/g papain extracting 3 h under 40 ℃. Compared with control group,phagocytosis percentage,phagocytic index, spleen index in polysaccharides low-dose,medium-dose,high-dose groups were significantly increased (P<0.05),thymus index was significantly decreased(P<0.05),while lymphocyte transformation rate had no significant changes(P>0.05);serum hemoly-sin in polysaccharides medium-dose group was significantly increased (P<0.05). CONCLUSIONS:Protease hydrolysis extraction is suitable for the extraction of polysaccharides from antlion,the optimal technology is reliable. Polysaccharides from antlion show activity in enhancing mice non-specific immunity and humoral immunity.

Objective To investigate the influence of heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1) on rat renal tubular epithelial cell apoptosis induced by albumin and the possible mechanism. Methods The renal tubular epithelial cells (NRK-52E) were cultured in DMEM/F12 1:1 medium as normal control group; NRK-52E cells were cultured with 30 g/L fat-free bovine serum albumin (BSA) as the BSA control group; NRK-52E cells were cultured with CoPP (Cobalt pretoporphyrin Ⅸ) 5 μ mol/L for 24 hours as the treatment group. MTT assay was used to observe the effects of CoPP on growth inhibition induced by BSA in NRK-52E cells. The effect of CoPP was observed in BSAinduced apoptosis with the fluorescence microscope dyed by AnnexinV-FITC PI. The levels of HO-1, and expression of Bcl-2 and Bax mRNA were detected by reverse transcript polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR). Results Compared with normal control group, BSA inhibited the growth of NRK-52E cells (P<0.05) and increased cell apoptosis rate (P<0.05). The CoPP pretreatment partially inhibited the BSA-induced apoptosis(P<0.05). Compared with normal control group, HO-1 mRNA expression increased (0.44±0.06 vs 0.39±0.05, P<0.05) in BSA control group. Compared with the BSA control group, the expression of HO-1 mRNA significantly increased after CoPP pretreatment(0.50±0.06 vs 0.44±0.06, P<0.05 ). Meanwhile, BSA increased the expression of Bax mRNA (0.87±0.04 vs 0.67±0.03, P<0.05)and reduced the expression of Bcl-2 mRNA (0.25± 0.04 vs 0.42±0.02, P<0.05 ). CoPP could inhibit the effect of BSA (Bax mRNA: 0.75±0.07, Bcl-2 mRNA: 0.36±0.03, P<0.05, respectively). Conclusions BSA can increase the apoptosis rate significantly and regulate the expression of apoptosis associated proteins in mRNA level directly. CoPP inhibits these changes, which provides evidence to support the essential role of HO-1 in cytoprotective function .

Objective To explore the motion features of cervical spine based on continuous X-ray images.Methods The cervical spontaneous continuous multi-frame sagittal images from flexion to extention positions were selected from cervical spondylosis patients (patients group) and healthy adult (normal group).After preprocessing and registration,the trajectory of single vertebral body were recorded,and the feature points of each vertebral body were extracted.Meanwhile,the rel ative geometry parameters and movement rate were calculated.Results The motion trajectory of patients' cervical spine C4-6 were different from healthy people.The angles between the left edge curve of the vertebral body (C4 and C5 vertebra) and the baseline of patients group were smaller than those of normal group in flexion position (all P＜0.05).There were instability in the movement of C4 vertebral body in patient group,and the volatility of the angle change,the rate of change and the frequency were larger.The relative position change of the adjacent single vertebral body in the patient group are smaller.Conclusion Through the preprocessing,registration,parameter extraction and result analysis,the changes of functional features in cervical spondylosis patients are truly reflected.And it also provides a new idea for dynamic analysis of cervical vertebrae based on X-ray images.

Adolescent ; Arteriovenous Malformations ; Female ; Humans ; Portal Vein ; abnormalities

OBJECTIVE:To explore how to establish good procedure,system and mode of drug management,dispensing and application,in order to provide reference for risk management and rational use of rabies vaccine. METHODS:The use of rabies vaccine and storage temperature monitoring in our hospital during 2013-2014 were analyzed statistically,and risk management and use of rabies vaccine in our hospital were analyzed,and management measures and attentions were put forward. RESULTS:The amount of vaccinum rabiel (Vero cell) and human rabies immunoglobulin in our hospital were increased in 2014,compared to 2013. The position labeled with #1 in storehouse and that of labeled with #1 and #2 in dispensing store could meet the storage condi-tion of rabies vaccine. Risk management could be carried out in fields of drug requisition,cold chain management,drug manage-ment and drug dispensing. ADR should be paid attention. CONCLUSIONS:It is of significance to develop risk management and ra-tional medication guidance of rabies vaccine.

Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of Mycobacterium tuberculosis by enterbaeterial repetitive intergenic consensus-polymerase chain reaction(ERIC-PCR)DNA fingerprint. Methods Mycobacterium tuberculosis positive sputum samples between September 2003 to May 2006 were collected and cultured.Chromosomal DNA were extracted and ERIC-PCR DNA fingerprinting was analyzed by software,such as RAPD PHYLIP and Treeview.Results A total of 42 different fingerprints were detected.Phylogenetic analysis showed that they could be classified into three clusters,the clustering rate was 72.6%.The characteristics of ERIC-PCR fingerprint patterns were related to age,drug resistance,and type of resistance.Conclusions ERIC-PCR DNA fingerprinting technique used in this study is good for epidemiological studies with its strong discrimination,simplicity and rapidness.A high level of recent transmission is found in our city.

Objective Treatment of type 1 diabetes mellitus has always posed a challenge to balance hyperglycemia control with hypoglycemia episodes. This review attempts to outline the application and research progress of real?time continuous glucose monitoring technology.Given the evolution of RT?CGM technologies,it is likely that today’ s more accurate RT?CGM systems will result in improved patient trust and reduced alert fa?tigue,translating into more sustained RT?CGM use,greater use of the RT?CGM data,and better outcomes.

Objective To assess the therapeutic effect of plum-blossom needle tapping combined with topical imiquimod immunotherapy on cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) in SKH-1 mice,and to explore the immunological mechanism.Methods A total of 40 SKH-1 mice with ultraviolet light-induced cutaneous SCC were randomly and equally divided into 4 groups:control group receiving no treatment,plum-blossom needle group receiving plum-blossom needle tapping on all the tumors once a day,imiquimod group topically treated with imiquimod 5％ cream at a dose of 1.2 g/kg once a day,combination group firstly treated with plum-blossom needle tapping on all the tumors,and after the stop of bleeding topically treated with imiquimod 5％ cream at the same dose as the imiquimod group once a day.All the mice were treated for 30 days.Morphological changes of tumors in all groups were photographed and recorded every day.The tumor size was measured once every three days,and changes of total tumor volume and survival rate of the mice were compared among the 4 groups.At the end of treatment,tunor tissues were resected,and histopathological changes were compared among the 4 groups.Real-time fluorescence-based quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR) was performed to measure the mRNA expression of interferon-α (IFN-α),IFN-β,interleukin-1β (IL-1β),tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-o) and IL-12 in tumor tissues.Results In the combination group,tumors on the back of mice grew slowly,and some even regressed.However,tumors grew fast in the control group,plum-blossom needle group and imiquimod group,and grew more slowly in the plum-blossom needle group and imiquimod group than in the control group.Before the treatment,there was no significant difference in the total tumor volume among the 4 groups (F =0.90,P ＞ 0.05).After 24-day treatment,the total tumor volume significantly differed among the 4 groups (F =5.16,P ＜ 0.05).The LSD-t test showed that the total tumor volume significantly decreased in the combination group compared with the control group (P ＜ 0.01),but no significant difference was observed among the other groups (P ＞ 0.05).Log-rank test revealed that survival curves significantly differed among the 4 groups (x2 =8.32,P ＜ 0.05).The survival rate was significantly higher in the combination group than in the control group (x2 =4.62,P =0.03),but did not differ between the plum-blossom needle group or imiquimod group and the control group or combination group (all P ＞ 0.05).Histopathological examination showed atypical cells arranged closely,a large number of tumor cells and some keratin pearls in the control group and plumblossom needle group,few dead tumor cells in the imiquimod group,and plenty of dead tumor cells,mild nuclear atypia and increased keratinization in the combination group.qRT-PCR revealed that the relative mRNA expression levels of IFN-α,IFN-β,IL-12,IL-1β and TNF-α were significantly higher in the combination group than those in the control group,plum-blossom needle group and imiquimod group (P ＜ 0.05).The imiquimod group showed significantly higher mRNA expression of IL-1β than the control group (P ＜ 0.01),but no significant differences were observed among the other groups (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion Plum-blossom needle tapping can effectively enhance the anti-SCC activity and immunological effects of imiquimod in SKH-1 mice.

Objective To explore the effects of ethyl-3,4 dihydroxybenzoate(EDHB), a prolyl hydroxylase inhibitor, pretreatment on the tubular epithelial cells apoptosis induced by albumin and hypoxia. Methods To investigate the effects of albumin and hypoxia on cells, rat tubular epithelial cells(NRK-52E)were incubated for 24 h in:(1)normoxia(5%CO2);(2)hypoxia(1% O2);(3)albumin(30 g/L)under normoxia;(4)albumin(30 g/L)under hypoxia. To investigate the effects of EDHB pretreatment on cells apoptosis, NRK-52E were incubated in hypoxia for 24 h in:(1)normoxia;(2)hypoxia;(3)hypoxia+albumin(30 g/L);(4)hypoxia+EDHB(500 μmol/L);(5)EDHB pretreatment(albumin 30 min after EDHB). Apoptosis was measured by flow cytometry(AnnexinV-FITC-PI). bcl-2, bax and vascular epithelial growth factor(VEGF)mRNA expression were detected by RT-PCR. VEGF protein expression was detected by Western blotting. Results NRK-52E apoptosis was not significantly different between hypoxia and norraoxia groups(P>0.05), but increased significantly in albumin(30 g/L)under hypoxia group compared with albumin(30 g/L)under normoxia group(37.36%?.95% vs 25.59%?.32%, P< 0.05). There was an increase in bax mRNA expression and a decrease in bcl-2 mRNA expression in albumin(30 g/L)under hypoxia group compared with albumin(30 g/L)under normoxia group(P< 0.05). EDHB pretreatment improved these impairments of albumin(30 g/L)under hypoxia on NRK-52E(P< 0.05). VEGF expression elevated in hypoxia compared with normoxia(P<0.05), decreased in albumin(30 g/L)under hypoxia groups compared with that without albumin groups(P<0.05).EDHB pretreatment significantly improved VEGF expression compared with albumin(30 g/L)under hypoxia group(P <0.05). Conclusion NRK-52E cells apoptosis induced by albumin is accelerated by hypoxia, however partially improved by EDHB pretreatment, probably through the up-regulation of VEGF expression.