Objective To study the effect of Ghrelin on food choice of rats.Methods Twenty-four Wistar rats were randomly divided into control group,0.1 nM Ghrenlin group and 1.0 nM Ghrenlin group,and 8 rats in each group.0.2 μl arificial cerebrospinal fluid were injected into the lateral ventricle in control group,and the same volume 0.1nM and 1.0 nM Ghrelin were done in 0.1 nM Ghrenlin group and 1.0 nM Ghrenlin group respectively.The changes of food intake,feeding interval,and torlerance of different flavors of food intake were observed.The SCH23390,an antagonist of dopamine D1 receptor,was used to explore the mechanisms of Ghrelin.Results The rats' food consumption increased significantly and the intake intervals reduced dose dependently after injecting Ghrelin into the lateral ventricles (P＜0.05 ～ 0.01).Compared with normal liquid food,the rats' intake of food added with quinine was reduced((16.73±5.21)ml vs (23.47±9.46)ml,P＜0.01),and injecting Ghrelin into the lateral ventricles could not reverse this effect ((13.74±3.29) ml vs (16.73±5.21)ml,P＞0.05).Mter injecting Ghrelin,the rats' intake of liquid food added with sugar increased in a dose dependent manner(P＜0.05 ～ 0.01),and higher than the food intake of fasted rats ((59.24 ± 17.32) ml vs (38.13 ± 10.98) ml,P＜ 0.05).The food intake reduced obviously after injecting SCH23390 ((22.69±6.54) ml vs (28.21±7.35)ml,P＜0.05).But the rats' food intake was significantly lower after injecting SCH23390 ± Ghrehn than the rats only injected of Ghrehn ((3Z44±10.62)ml vs (65.81±13.47)ml,P＜0.05).Conclusion Ghrelin can affect the food choice of rats,and dopamine may be involved in the regulation of this process.

Proposed in this paper is to compile The synopsis for the general list of medical documents in minority nationalitiesand to make the scientific classification and systematic organization of medical documents in minority nationalities, thus breaking their time and space limitation and laying the foundation for the establishment of medi-cal literature resources support system, according to their scattered collection, severe damage, abstruse written lan-guages, and the fact that most of them are unorganized or catalogued, which significantly hinder their development and utilization.

This paper studied the usage and impact of the theory in hospital development.Based on such,special manifestations behind the marginal diminishing effect are taken into consideration to grasp particular demands and requirements of health,and to look for a positive role and a progressive increase of the marginal utility.Furthermore,the explorations in hospitals,such as technical innovations,structure optimizations and management breakthroughs,as well as the experimental and practical construction of micro-economic administrative mechanism in clinical departments were discussed in the text.It has been demonstrated in practice that the practice has a significant effect on the prevention of marginal diminishing utility and an essential reference on hospital transformational development.

Objective:To investigate and compare the influences of Ghrelin and growth hormone releasing peptide 6(GHRP-6) on the contractility of stomach smooth muscle in guinea pigs,and to study the related mechanism.Methods: The myenteric plexuses of gastric fundus and antrium in guinea pigs were stimulated with electrical field stimulation(EFS) to observe the influence of Ghrelin and GHRP-6 on the contractility of stomach smooth muscle.The influences of N-nitro-L-arginine(L-NNA) and L-Arginine(L-AA) on the effect of Ghrelin and GHRP-6 were studied to disclose the mechanism of the effects of Ghrelin and GHRP-6.Results: The circular muscle tissues of the gastric fundus generated on-relaxations and off-contractions when stimulating myenteric plexuses with 1-16 Hz electrical field;the on-responses induced relaxation could be reduced by L-NNA and the off-contractions induced contraction could be blocked by atropine and guanethidine.In fundic strips,ghrelin and GHRP-6 could decrease the on-response induced relaxation and increase off-response induced contraction of the muscle,with the effect of Ghrelin obviously stronger than that of GHRP-6.L-NNA could increase the effects of Ghrelin and GHRP-6-induced muscle contraction,and L-AA could decrease their effects.In the antral strips,electrical field stimulation of myenteric plexuses led to disappearance of relaxation wave,only leaving off-contractions.Both ghrelin and GHRP-6 could increase that contraction.Conclusion: Both ghrelin and GHRP-6 can promote the contractility of stomach smooth muscle in guinea pigs through stimulating myenteric plexuses of gastric fundus and antrium,which might be related to the NO pathway.

Objective:To investigate the effects of thyroid motilin(MTL) on migrating motor complex(MMC) in fasting rats.Methods: The distribution and quantitative expression of motilin in the thyroids were detected by immunohistochemistry and radioimmunoassay.We also observed the effect of thyriod motilin on the MMC by recording the gastrointestinal motility in conscious rats.Results: Tail vein injection of MTL increased MMC in antrum and duodenum in a dose-dependent manner,as manifested by increased contraction frequency and amplitude(P

[Objective]To investigate a minimally invasive,safe and effective method for treating the nonunion of tibia fracture with Bastianti external fixators.[Method]Bastianti external fixators were used to treat nonunion tibia fracture with axial force followed by functional exercises in early stage.[Result]All cases showed tibia fracture union in 4~12 months after operation.According to the criterion of treatment effects,35 cases were as excellent,7 as good,and 1 as poor.[Conclusion]It is a good method that nonunion of tibia fracture was treated with Bastianti external fixators for maintaining pain-free joint activity and joint functional recovery in early stage.

Functional magnetic resonance imaging(fMRI) is a very powerful method to understand the mechanism of brain function with non-invasive localization, high spatial and temporal resolution. The essential fMRI technique is blood oxygen level dependent (BOLD-fMRI). Basic principles and methodological applications of BOLD-fMRI are reviewed in this paper.

With the development of all kinds of new simulative training equipment,the way of medico's clinic skill training method will change radically.Their clinic skill will be greatly improved.This article analyzed the necessities and imminence of setting up the clinic skill training center,and discussed how to manage it.At last we discussed how to build the clinic skill training center in the large comprehensive hospitals.

Objective To explore the effects and mechanisms of nesfatin-1 injection in the central nucleus of the amygdale(CeA) on exploratory behavior in rats.Methods Fifty rats were divided into 5 groups randomly : nesfatin-1 low dose group, nesfatin-1 high dose group, SHU9119 group, SHU9119+nesfatin-1 low dose group and control group.Drugs were administrated via CeA to examine behavioral changes of rats by elevated plus maze model test and nesfatin-1 mRNA expression in CeA of anxiety rats (10 rats).Results Compared with the control group,anxiety behaviors of rats in nesfatin-1 low dose group and nesfatin-1 high dose group were improved remarkably,showing that the open arm entries were significantly reduced (OE, t=4.16-12.87, P＜0.01), open arm entry proportion was decreased remarkably (OE％, t=2.39-4.39, P＜0.01-0.05), and time proportion in open arm was decreased significantly (OT％, t=5.43-20.55, P＜0.01),which presented dose dependent.Compared with the control group, anxiety degree of rats in nesfatin-1 low dose group and nesfatin-1 high dose group significantly enhanced, showing that the rats head dipping reduced obviously (HD, t=6.97-16.73, P＜0.01) ,while rearing was increased significantly (RE, t=6.60-13.25, P＜0.01) ,which was presented dose dependent.Melanocortin receptor antagonist SHU9119 can partly eliminate nesfatin-1 induce-anxiety (t =2.11-3.08, P＜ 0.01-0.05).Real-time PCR results showed that nesfatin-1 mRNA expression of anxiety model rats was significantly increased (t =3.40-5.58, P＜0.05).Conclusion Amygdala nesfatin-1 can increase anxiety and fear of rats,which may be associated with melanocortin systems.

Objective To evaluate the safety of conscious venous anesthesia with fentanyl and propofol in elderly patients over 70 during gastrointestinal endoscopy. Methods Clinical data of 826 elderly patients over 70, who underwent gastrointestinal endoscopy with venous anesthesia, were retrospectively analyzed. The patients were divided into 2 groups according to their ages, with 618 patients aging from 70 to 80 in group A, in which 342 received endoscopy and 276 underwent colonoscopy, and 208 patients older than 80 in group B, in which 112 underwent endoscopy and 96 had colonoscopy. Another cohort of 600 patients younger than 70, who underwent venous anesthetic endoscopy during the same time period, was randomly selected as the control group, in which 400 patients received endoscopy and 200 had colonoscopy. Blood pressure, heart rate, peripheral oxygen saturation (SpO2) and adverse reaction were monitored in each patient during the procedure and compared among different groups. Results No procedure-related perforation or sedation-related mortality was observed, and no procedure was terminated clue to sedation complication. The average dosages of propofol used in procedure of endoscopy in groups A, B and control were 54.22±21.36 mg, 40.22±12.46 mg, and 86.44±34.26 mg, respectively. The average dosages of propofol in colonoscopy were 82.56±40.64 mg, 45.36±15.44 mg and 102.23±46.32 mg, respectively. With same procedure, there was no significant difference in heart rate and blood pressure among different groups, nor was there any difference in these variables before and after the procedure in each group (P>0.05). Sedation exerted more influence on SpO<,2> in elderly patients. A total of 18 cases in groups A and B experienced SpO<,2> <90%, which was mainly due to aspiration of saliva and relieved by oxygen inhalation. Conclusion Under appropriate monitor, it is safe and feasible to give conscious sedation to elderly patients over 70 during gastroimestinal endoscopy.