Objective To examine the expression of ? defensin genes and inflammatory cytokines genes in rat airway epithelium after intraperitoneal injection of emulsified isoflurane.Methods Thirty-six SD rats were assigned into six groups(A-F) randomly.The tissue from rat airway epithelium were harvested at 1 h after intraperitoneal injection of normal saline,30% fat milk and 8% emulsified isofluranes of 4 different dosages(0.25,0.5,1.0 and 1.5 times of ED50).Then expressions of ? defensin(BD-1,BD-2),tumor necrosis factor-alpha(TNF-?),interleukin beta(IL-1?),IL-8 mRNA were measured by semiquantitative polymerase chain reaction(PCR) using GAPDH as an internal standard.Results Except BD-1 and IL-8 mRNA,marked increases in expressions of TNF-?,IL-1? and BD-2 genes were observed with a dosage-dependent manner.Conclusion The expressions of BD-2 genes and inflammatory cytokines genes(IL-1?,TNF-?)in rat airway epithelium increase significantly in a dosage-dependent manner after intraperitoneal injection of emulsified isoflurane.

Objective：To explore the characteristics of behavioral problems and self-concept level in children with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder(ADHD)accompanying anxiety disorder.Methods：With stratified random sampling method,a sampling survey was made in 9495 children(aged 5～17 years)from 6 regions of Hunan province together.Using the two stage epidemiologic research method,three groups,including control group(214 cases),pure ADHD(219 cases)and ADHD accompanying anxiety disorder(111 cases)were determined as the subjects.All the subjects completed the Children's Self-Concept Scale(CSCS),and the Achenbach Child Behavior Checklist(CBCL)was completed by their parents.Results：(1)Compared to the control group,the pure ADHD group scored higher in CBCL [e.g.,the total score:(30.35±24.32)vs.(16.97±14.86)],and scored lower in CSCS [e.g.,total score:(50.85±9.98)vs.(57.46±10.80),P<0.05].(2)Compared to the control group,children with ADHD accompanying anxiety disorder scored higher in CBCL [e.g.,total score:(41.66±28.07),P<0.01],and in CSCS except physical activities(Ps<0.05).(3)Compared to the pure ADHD group,ADHD accompanying anxiety disorder group scored higher in CBCL and lower in CSCS[behavior:(10.44±3.17)vs.(11.55±2.80);anxiety:(8.06±2.61)vs.(9.21±2.61),gregariousness:(7.42±2.22)vs.(8.16±1.89);total score:(47.25±9.93)vs.(50.85±9.98);Ps<0.05].Conclusion：ADHD children have more behavioral problems and lower level of self-concept than normal children,and children with ADHD accompanying anxiety disorder have more prominent presence of behavioral problems and lower self-concept rating than children with pure ADHD.

The acute therapeutic effect of enalapril,an angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor (ACEI),in reducing blood pressure and urinary albumin excretion rate(UAER) were assessed in 32 NID- DM and 13 essential hypertensive patients.After treatment for three days,24-h blood pressure and UAER in NIDDM patients were reduced significantly.UAER of essential hypertensive patients were reduced while in hypertensive patients UAER were reduced,but blood pressure except night SBP remained unchanged. This study suggests enalapril may have a specific protect effect on kidney which is independent of the de- crease in systemic blood pressure.

Objective To establish a more sensitive method to detect free cancer cells in peritoneal washings of gastric cancer cases during surgery. Methods The CEAmRNA levels in peritoneal washings in 65 cases of gastric cancer were detected by Real-time RT-PCR. PLC was applied simultaneously to detect free cancer cells. Negative controls included the peritoneal washings from 5 cases of benign gastric diseases and the blood samples from 5 cases of healthy adult volunteers. Results (1)CEAmRNA was not found in peritoneal washings in benign gastric diseases and in blood of healthy adult volunteers. (2)The positive percentage of free cancer cells detected by Real-time RT-PCR was 47.7%, while PLC′s was only 12.3%.(3)The positive rate of CEAmRNA showed a significant difference between gastric cancer with serosal invasion and without serosa invasion groups, between peritoneal metastasis group and no peritoneal metastasis groups, and also between stages I+II and III+IV diseases(all P

Objective To study the alterations of serum amino acid level in patients with short bowel syndrome (SBS). Methods Blood levels of 17 amino acids were measured in 17 SBS patients on admission to the hospital, and 15 healthy volunteers. Results Compared with the control group, serum concentrations of Val, Leu, Ile, Lys, Met, Ser, His, Cys in patients with SBS significantly decreased ( P

Objective To analyze the relationship between collateral status and clinical manifestations or prognosis in patients with acute cerebral infarction in the territory of internal carotid artery.Methods 181 patients with acute cerebral infarction in internal carotid arterial were selected.According to the North American Symptomatic Carotid Endarterectomy Trial (NASCET) standard,the degree of carotid stenosis was divided into 5 grades.All patients were divided into 3 subgroups according to the status of collateral circulation formation evaluated with the Regional Lepomeningeal Score(rLMC).The correlations were observed between the degree of carotid stenosis and the compensation level of collateral circulation,and the compensation level of collateral circulation and cerebral infarct volume,and the National Institute of Health Stroke Scale(NIHSS) on admission and the Activity of Daily Living(ADL) score at 3 months after stroke onset.Results The degree of carotid stenosis positively correlated with the compensation level of collateral circulation (r=0.724,P<0.01).The compensation level of collateral circulation negatively correlated with infarct volume (r=-0.313,P<0.01) and NIHSS score on admission (r=-0.504,P<0.01),but positively correlated with ADL score at 3 months after stroke onset (r=0.370,P<0.01).Diabetes was risk factor for the formation of moderate (OR=1.361,95%CI=1.145-1.902,P=0.029) collateral circulation,and hyperlipemia was risk factor for the establishment of moderate (OR=1.050,95%CI=1.011-1.219,P<0.01) or poor (OR=1.048,95%CI=1.010-1.225,P<0.01) collateral circulation.Conclusion The compensation level of collateral circulation positively correlates with the severity of carotid stenosis.Diabetes and Hyperlipemia are risk factors for the formation of collateral circulation.The improvement in the status of collateral circulation can significantly reduce infarct volume and improve prognosis in patients with acute cerebral infarction in the territory of internal carotid artery.

Objective To evaluate a new TNM staging system inclusive of intraperitoneal free cancer cells in terms of postoperative survival of patients with gastric cancer. Methods Free cancer cells (FCC) in the peritoneal washes of gastric cancer patients were estimated by measuring CEA mRNA levels using real-time RT-PCR. After 5-year follow-up, we get the cut-off value of CEA mRNA level by using MedCalc software to analyze the ROC curve. When CEA levels are more than the cut-off value, it may considered as FCC(+), and then using FCC(+) as distant metastasis (MI) to make a new TNM staging and analyze patients life-span. Results (1) Under the ROC curve analysis, when the cut-off value of CEA mHNA level was at 31.21 copies/ml, the Youden's index is the highest. (2) When FCC (+) considered as M1 to make a new TNM staging, the 5-year survival rate showed as below: Ⅰ-Ⅱ, P=0. 134; stage Ⅱ-Ⅲ P=0.004 and Ⅲ-Ⅳ P=0.022,repecetively. Conclusion (1) The best cut-off value of CEA mRNA levels for FCC in peritoneal washes is 31.2 copies/ml. (2) Our study demonstrated that application of FCC(+) in the TNM staging may have a better estimation of prognosis of patients suffering from advanced gastric cancer.

Objective To explore the skill of mien)surgical removal and preservation and functional recovery of facial nerve for large acoustic neuromas.Methods The clinical data of 82 consecutive patients with large acoustic neuromas operated upon through the suboccipital retrosigmoid approach were retrospectively reviewed.The cases with HB grade Ⅲ - Ⅵ of facial nerve were divided randomly into two groups,the one group was given conventional therapy and the other group was given Kabato rehabilitation training.Results In those cases,acoustic neuromas were totally removed in 77 (93.9%),subtotally removed in 5.Facial nerve was kept anatomically intact in 78 cases of the patients (95.1%).Recovery of facial nerve function was faster and more effective in the training group than that in the un-training group.During the follow-up ranging from 6 months to 3 years,among 5 cases of subtotally resection,2 cases relapsed.Three patients in our series complained of chronic headache postoperatively.No patient long time coma or died.Conclusion The goal of large acoustic neuromas treatment should be total removal in one stage and preservation of facial nerve function,as they determine a patient's quality of life.Kabat rehabilitation training is the effective method of functional recovery of facial nerve after operation.

Objective To investigate the contribution of single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP)variation in folate metabolism pathway genes and its interaction with environmental risk factors to the etiology of NTD. Methods In 275 families from central China, a total of 278 aborted fetal tissues or blood samples were collected from NTD individuals, 478 maternal and/or paternal blood samples were also obtained as controls. Folate supplementation, maternal diabetes mellitus and medication before pregnancy and during the first trimester of pregnancy were investigated. SNP analyses of all samples were performed by CEQ 8800. Case-parent control study and transmission/disequilibrium tests (TDT) were performed according to environmental cofactors stratification to evaluated 28 SNP in 12 folate pathway genes associated with human NTD. Results Only gene MTHFR rs1801133 was significantly associated with NTD, and synergistic effects of environmental risk factors (no folate supplementation and maternal diabetes) were shown on the occurrence of NTD. Linkage disequilibrium between BHMT rs3733890 and NTD existed in case of no folate supplementation,whereas the genotype alone did not contribute to the etiology of NTD. Other SNP were not significantly associated with NTD. Conclusions MTHFR rs1801133 is a risk factor of NTD, but BHMT rs3733890 is not an independent risk factor. Further investigations in folate and methionine cycle genes are requird in larger scale to enclose the interactions between gene and gene, or gene and environmental factors.

O bjective:To investigate the effectiveness of D-xylose absorption test in evaluating the ab-sorptive capacity of the remnant small bowel in short bowel patients.M ethods:5 hr urine D-xylose ex-cretion,1hr,2hr,3hr serum D-xylose levels and AUC was compared between the short bowel patients(n=22) and the healthy control(n=50).The correlationship among the D-xylose absorptive capacity,the remnant small bowel length and area,and protein absorptive capacity were analyzed.For the 6 pa-tients receiving rehabilitative therapy,theirD-xylose and protein absorption capacities before and after the therapy were also stud ied.R esu lts:5hr urine D-xylose excretion,1hr,2hr,3hr serum D-xylose levels and AUC were all significantly lower in short bowel patients compared to control group(P