OBJECTIVE: To investigate the characteristics and general pattern of the adverse drug reactions (ADR) occurred in our hospital. METHODS: A total of 113 ADR cases reported by our hospital in 2008 were analyzed statistically in respect of patients’age and sex, route of administration, dosage form, category of drug, organs and systems involved in ADR and clinical manifestations, etc. RESULTS: The ADR were mainly induced by venous administration (59.29%). Anti-infective drugs dominated the first place on the list of ADR incidence rate (46.90%) followed by TCM preparations (23.01%). The most common manifestation of the ADR was lesion of skin and its appendants(37.17%). CONCLUSION: Great importance should be attached to ADR monitoring to reduce or avoid the occurrence of ADR.

Through investigation that the “new network media” has become the partner of youth groups firstly , then this paper discussed the new trend of medical students in new network era , including:paying attention to so-cial trends , thinking of something but without deep thinking;main body values is good , but diversity values show obvious;mental strength weakening presents a variety of forms .In the final analysis how the ideological education in the new era of network breakthrough:to strengthen the construction of campus network , to lead healthy campus culture;establish a network ideological education platform;perfect the network psychological consultation platform , to strengthen medical students′psychological health education; strengthen the student party members and cadres network call .

The writer discussed the features of modern relationship between hospitals & patients and the main factor which cause the irreconcilable relationship,and also points out the way of setting up normal relationship between hospitals & patients,furthering the medical reform,normalizing the medical performances,improving the medical service quality,ceteing up and perfecting the related laws and cstrenghening the cultivation and education for medical stndent etc.

Objective To investigate the treatment effect and nursing of intravitreous injection of Avastin combined with laser photocoagulation in macular edema caused by vein occlusion.Methods 38 patients(38 macular edema eyes)who had macular edema caused by retinal vein occlusion and accepted intravitreous injection of Avastin combined with laser photocoagulation were selected.Relevant nursing was given before and after the clinical treatment.The visual acuity and retinal thickness were observed and recorded.Results Visual acuity was improved in 36 eyes(94.7％),no change occurred in 2 eyes(5.3％).The thickness of macular was statistically significant compared with before treatment and 2,4,6 weeks after treatment.Conclusions Intravitreous injection of avastin combined with laser photocoagulation is effective on macular edema caused by vein occlusion.Successful treatment is guaranteed by psychological nursing,treatment guidance and health guidance.

Objective To investigate pain heterogeneity in transfusion with different gestures in order to find the best gesture.Methods 80 cases were randomly selected and transfused in the back of the hand with three infusion gestures,which including horizontally laid hand with extended fingers for 20 min as control,horizontally laid hand with relaxed fist for 20 min and horizontally laid hand with fist for 20 min in time sequence.Mark-Gail method was used to assess the pain grade.Results Pain was enhanced in horizontally laid hand with relaxed fist group and horizontally laid hand with fist group when comparing with horizontally laid hand with extended fingers group.And pain was more stronger in horizontally laid hand with fist group than that of horizontally laid hand with relaxed fist group.Conclusions Transfusion with horizontally laid hand combining with extended fingers implicated minimum pain and was the best gesture.Horizontally laid hand with fist flat finger displayed the strongest pain and should be banned.

Objective To investigate the differences of leptin (LEP) between Mongol and Han population with metabolic syndrome (MS) and its related factors.Methods According to the diagnostic criterion of MS,291 people with MS were selected as subjects,of which,146 were Han nationality(A group) and 145 were Mongol(B group).Radioimmunoassay kit was used to measure the serum leptin level.At the same time,the indices including weight,height,blood pressure,blood glucose,blood lipid,Serum uric acid (sUA),insulin (Fins),body mass index (BMI) and insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR) were measured.Results The following indices in B group including fasting plasma glucose (FPG),Low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C),leptin,blood insulin,insulin resistance index were (6.2 ± 1.5) mmol/L,(3.1 ± 0.8) mmol/L,(4.3 ± 2.0) μg/L,(22.4-± 16.0) mU/L and (6.5 ± 0.5) respectively,significantly differed from that of A group ((6.7 ±1.7) mmol/L,(2.7 ±0.7) mmol/L,(3.4 ± 1.5) μg/L,(18.8 ±14.0) mU/L,(4.7 ±3.6)respectively;t =2.04,2.84,3.47,2.18,4.82 ;P ＜ 0.01 or P ＜ 0.05).There was no significant difference in terms of age((46.9 ±9.8) vs.(46.3 ± 8.4)),systolic blood pressure (SBP) ((146.8 ± 17.0) mm Hg vs.(149.1 ±19.2) mm Hg),diastolic blood pressure (DBP) ((90.5 ± 11.6) mm Hg vs.(92.5 ± 13.1) mm Hg),BMI ((27.4 ± 2.9) kg/m2 vs.(27.9 ± 3.2) kg/m2),total cholesterol (TC) ((5.5 ± 1.0) mmol/L vs.(5.5 ±0.9) mmol/L),triacylglycerol (TG) ((2.3 ± 1.4) mmol/L vs.(2.3 ± 1.4) mmol/L),high density lipid cholesterol (HDL-C) ((1.3 ±0.3) mmol/L vs.(1.2 ±0.4) mmol/L),and sUA (((320.7 ±93.6)μmol/L) vs.(308.7 ±86.9) μmol/L) between the patients with metabolic syndrome in Mongol population and in Han population(t =0.47,0.90,1.15,1.15,0,0,1.00,0.94 respectively,P ＞ 0.05).The increase of leptin level in the patients with metabolic syndrome in B group was associated with blood glucose,blood insulin and insulin resistance index (r =0.108,0.146,0.183 ; P ＜ 0.05).BMI,blood insulin and insulin resistance index may be the factors due to the higher of serum leptin levels.Conclusion The serum leptin of patients with metabolic syndrome in Mongol population are correlated with blood glucose,blood insulin and insulin resistance index,which plays an important role in the development of metabolic syndrome.

Objective To understand the effects of reform on clinical teaching taking patient's symptoms as the starting point and to investigate students' recognition degree towards this reform and their information feedback.Methods Totally 42 clinical students of the second clinical medical college (the second class) of China Three Gorges University were enrolled in the study and clinical teaching taking patient's symptoms as the starting point was conducted.Thirty-nine clinical students of the second clinical medical college (the fourth class) were enrolled as control group and traditional method was conducted.Effects of clinical teaching were evaluated by examination score and students' recognition degree towards this reform was investigated by self-made questionnaire and information feedback.Data were processed using SPSS 13.0 statistical software; t tests were used to compare students' scores of theoretical test and skill test; P ＜ 0.05 signifies that the difference is statistically significant.Results There was no statistical difference in theoretical test score between experiment group and control group (P ＞ 0.05).Skill test scores were higher in experiment group than in control group (P＜0.01).Students highly admitted this teaching mode and they thought that this mode can improve their self-study ability,clinical practice skill and clinical thinking ability without influencing their theoretical learning.Conclusions Practice of clinical teaching taking patient's symptoms as the starting point is feasible,which can increase scores of skill test significantly without influencing scores of theoretical test.

Objective To explore the effects of modified long-term low concentration caudal blocking in medium-term drug induced odinopoeia.Methods According to the digital table,63 patients received drug induced odinopoeia were divided randomly into the control group(without analgesis)and treatment group(analgesis).The control group were treated with caudal blocking with mifepristone,premelle and ethacridine lactate.The treatment group received additional treatments of 0.75％ bupivacaine hydrochloride + 2％ lidocaine hydrochloride + morphine sulfate injection based on treatment of the control group.The duration of labor,bleeding volume and severity of pain were recorded and compared between the two groups.Results The duration of labor of the treatment group was (5.33 ±3.77) h,which was significantly shorter than that of the control group [(7.88 ± 2.62) h] (t =8.01,P ＜ 0.05).The severity of pain of the treatment group were all better than those of the control group(all P ＜0.05).There was no significantly statistificant difference in bleeding volume between the two groups (t =4.63,P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion Application of modified long-term low concentration caudal blocking in medium-term drug induced odinopoeia has confirmed analgesis effects,and can shorten duration of labor without increasing bleeding volume.

Neuroendocrine carcinoma of the pancreas is uncommon in clinic,which has a low malignancy,maintains indolent patterns of growth,and has a good long-term prognosis.However,because of its atypical clinical manifestation,its delayed presentation often results in distant metastasis,in which the liver is the most common site.Currently,the treatment of pancreatic neuroendocrine liver metastasis is limited and requires a diverse and multidisciplinary combination of therapy.This manuscript will discuss the current status of treating pancreatic neuroendocrine carcinoma liver metastasis.

Objective To analyze the relationship between diameter and prognosis in atrial septal defect ( ASD) children.Methods The clinical data in 91 cases with ASD were observed.According to ASD diameter,they were divided into three groups,0.5-0.7cm in group A,>0.7-1.0cm in group B,>1.0cm in group C.According to the age of children with size,≤1 years old children with group D,group E,>1 years old children.Statistical ASD diameter and age of the patients and the relationship between natural healing.Results A group of ASD diameter in 0.5-0.7cm 13 cases,the number of natural healing rate in 9 cases(69.23%) .Group B of ASD diameter of 0.8 to 1.0 cm in 33 cases,the number of natural healing rate in 9 cases (27.27%).44 cases in group C ASD>1.0cm in diameter,in which 1 cases (natural healing rate 2.27%).Group A was higher than that in group B and C (χ2 =6.89,27.22,all P<0.05).B group than in C group (χ2 =8.57,P<0.05).Group D patients older than 1 years were 29 cases,in which the natural healing rate in 27 cases (93.10%) ,higher than that of E group of 1 year old chil-dren's natural healing rate was 17 cases (27.42%),two groups had significant difference (χ2 =34.14,P<0.05). Conclusion ASD diameter≤0.7cm and age<1 ASD natural healing probability.ASD>1.0cm in diameter and 1 years of age or ASD natural healing a very small chance.