Objective To investigate the effects of Atrovent aerosol inhalation in the treatment of respiratory failure and nursing intervention of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease effect. Methods January 2016 to December 2016 in Huzhou Central Hospital for diagnosis and treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease patients with respiratory failure in 50 cases dewided into control group and observationgroup: the control group treated with conventional methods, the observation group treated with Atrovent aerosol inhalation therapy and conventional methods; the patients in the two groups of experimental data were recorded in detail, and the obtained data were analyzed. Results The observation group was better than that of treatment and intervention control group, clinical symptoms improved better than the control group, the adverse reaction rate were lower than the control group, there is significant statistical difference (P<0.05). Conclusion The patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease with respiratory failure choose conventional and Atrovent aerosol inhalation treatment effect significantly, can effectively improve the patient clinical symptoms and adverse reactions are few and deserve to be widely used in the treatment of chronic obstructive pulmonary diseaseand respiratory failure patients.

The existing education model of preventive medicine postgraduate does have quite a few drawbacks,resulting in the contradiction between public health education and social demand. We should develop an innovative education model of preventive medicine postgraduate through reforming the training programs,strengthening the development of tutor team,training postgraduates'innovation abilities and carrying out some strategies such as "University-Health Institution" combined training program. In this case,compound preventive medicine talents will be cultivated to meet the needs of public health.

OBJECTIVE To explore the drug resistance rate and risk factor of Pseudomonas aeruginosa against ceftazidime in a certain hospital,and provide scientific basis for preventing the P.aeruginosa infections.METHODS A total of 109 P.aeruginosa strains,which were isolated from sputum cultures in patients in a certain hospital in 2005,were identified with VITEK GNI+ automation system.The possible risk factors and underlying diseases were investigated by reviewing patients′ medical records.Multiple Logistic regression models were used for statistical analyses by SPSS software(13.0).RESULTS The resistant ratios against ceftazidime was 38.5%.P.aeruginosa resistant ratios in ICU and the neurosurgery ward were 78.57% and 54.84%,respectively,and higher than others.Treatment days before infection in hospital(over two days),staying at the ICU or neurosurgery ward,using breathing machine,were associated with the sensitivity to ceftazidime for P.aeruginosa.CONCLUSIONS In order to prevent and reduce the drug resistant ratios for P.aeruginosa,we should pay more attention to the patients admitted in ICU and neurosurgery wards.Risk factors,such as treatment days in hospital,living in different wards and using breathing machine,were associated with the resistant ratios for P.aeruginosa against ceftazidime.

BACKGROUND: Irradiation crosslinking can remarkably increase the abrasive performance of ultra-high molecular weight polyethylene (UHMWPE), thereby reducing its wear rate. OBJECTIVE: To review the recent progress in irradiated crosslinking UHMWPE. METHODS: A computer-based online search of ISI Web of knowledge was performed for articles related to irradiated crosslinking UHMWPE published from January1995 to April 2012 using the keywords of“irradiation crosslinking UHMWPE” in English. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: At present, domestic studies on irradiation crosslinking of UHMWPE mainly focus on the wear resistance, oxidation resistance and mechanical properties. Under high-energy radiation, radicals generate from the UHMWPE, which are inter-crosslinked. Irradiation crosslinking dramatical y enhances the UHMWPE wear resistance, while reduces its oxidation resistance and mechanical properties. In the future, the research wil focus on how to develop new UHMWPE composite with good wear resistance, oxidation resistance and mechanical properties.

Objective;To explore the relationship between exposure to violence and behavior problem among rural middle school students.Methods;A cross-section study was conducted in 3620 middle school students randomly selected from rural area.A questionnaire adapted from WHO Health and Life Experience investigation and Achenbach Children Behavior Checklist(CBCL) were used to measure the exposure to violence and behavior problems respectively.Results;Of the 3620 respondents,the prevalence rate of exposure to violence in past year was 33.8%(1225/3620).The prevalence rate of behavior problems averaged 14.3%(519/3620),and students victimized reported significantly more behavior problems than those no-victimized(22.4% vs 10.9%,P

Objective:To test a model in which self-esteem mediated the effects of behavior on exposure to violence(victimization) in a sample of rural middle school students.Methods:A cross-section study was conducted in 3620 middle school students randomly selected from rural areas.A questionnaire of violence(WHO) and Achenbach Children Behavior Checklist(CBCL) and Rosenberg self-esteem scale were used to measure the exposure to violence behavior,and self-esteem respectively.Results:Hierarchical regression analyses provided evidence that the addition of self-esteem reduced the links between behavior and exposure to violence(? from 0.232 to 0.226).Sobel Z-test predicted that self-esteem partially mediated the effects of behavior on exposure to violence(victimization) with significant difference(? from 0.232 to 0.226,Sobel-Z value=2.340,P=0.019).Speech violence,physical violence,and sexual violence were tested by the same model respectively,and the results showed that self-esteem partially mediated the effects of behavior on speech violence with significant difference(? from 0.225 to 0.200,Sobel-Z value=1.992,P=0.046),but not on physical or sexual violence.Conclusion:Self-esteem partially mediates the effects of behavior on exposure to violence(emotion violence).

Objective:To study the effect of one-day outpatient intervention on gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) patients,and to explore the pregnancy outcome relevant to GDM patients and their fetus.Methods:The GDM patients were divided into two groups according to their own intention to the one-day outpatient.According to systematic sampling method,we chose 200 GDM patients from the above 2 groups,respectively.The 200 GDM patients in the control group were matched the observation group with the age and gestational age,then the pregnancy outcome was tracked.Results:The control level and success rate for the two hours blood sugar after breakfast and hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) in the observation group were better than those in the control group (P<0.001).The maternal complication rate (46.50%) and neonatal complication rate (21.50%) in the observation group were lower than those in the control group (71.50%,41.50%;P<0.001).The maternal complications rate of fetal distress,premature and the neonatal complications rate of fetal macrosomia,neonatal respiratory distress syndrome (NRDS),low weight,congenital heart disease,neonatal pneumonia,and rate in neonatal NICU were significantly lower than those in the control group (P<0.05).Conclusion:One-day outpatient intervention could control blood sugar effectively,reduce the maternal and neonatal complications.It is worth promoting.

Objective:To determine the prevalence of dyslipidemia in students from the primary and middle schools and the influential factors,and to provide evidence for the prevention and control of dyslipidemia and relevant chronic diseases in primary and middle schools.Methods:A total of 2 028 students aged 7 to 17 from the primary and middle schools in Changsha were selected by stratified random cluster sampling.The contents of the study included questionnaire survey,physical measurement and blood tests for fasting blood triglyceride (TG),total cholesterol (TC),low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C),and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels.Non-high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (non-HDL-C) level was calculated by TC level minus HDL-C level.Chi-square test and non-conditional logistic regression model were used to analyze the factors that contributed to dyslipidemia.Results:The dyslipidemia rate was 18.6％,and the abnormal rates of TG,TC,LDL-C,non-HDL-C and HDL-C were 6.8％,5.6％,2.3％,4.2％ and 8.6％,respectively.By chi-square test,the dyslipidemia rate in students with different ages,home locations,BMI groups,central obesity,time on watching TV or playing computer per day,and daily sleep time was statistically significant.Non-conditional logistic regression analysis showed that home location for the city (OR=1.332),overweight (OR=1.548),obesity (OR=2.201),central obesity (OR=1.695),watching TV or playing computer for more than 2 hours per day (OR=1.357),daily sleep time longer than 11 hours (OR=2.518) were the risk factors for dyslipidemia in students from the primary and middle schools.Conclusion:Nearly 1/5 primary and middle school students show dyslipidemia,which is associated with obesity and other bad behaviors.

Objective To study the influence of mediating/moderating effects of health skills on the relations between health knowledge and health behaviors in college students.Methods Stratified cluster random sampling was used among 2 181 students,selected in several colleges in Changsha,Hunan province.EpiData 3.0 was adopted to establish the database.Correlation and regression analyses were performed by SPSS 17.0.Results Positive correlations were seen on:1)Knowledge and skills on health (r=0.592,P＜0.01),2)Knowledge and behaviors on health (r=0.647,P＜0.01),3)Health skills and health behaviors (r=0.629,P＜0.01).The mediating effect of health skills on the relations between health knowledge and health behaviors was significant (34.55％).The interaction effect of "health skill × (times) related knowledge" was significant (β =-0.093,t =-5.212,P=0.000).New variables that were produced by the interaction also reached significant level (△R2=0.006,P=0.000),resulted in increasing the explanation function to health behaviors by 0.6％.Conclusion Health skills could partially mediate the effects and moderate the relationship between health knowledge and health behaviors among college students.

OBJECTIVE: To explore the relationship between caregivers' nutritional knowledge and children's dietary behavior in rural areas of China. METHODS: A cross-sectional study was conducted. 3361 rural caregivers and their children, aged 2 to 7 years old, were selected randomly and surveyed by questionnaire. Logistic regression models were used to identify the relationship between caregivers' nutritional knowledge and the children's dietary behaviors. RESULTS: The awareness level of nutritional knowledge among rural caregivers was 57.9%; among the children surveyed, 79.6% did not like to drink milk, 66.0% were considered choosy of food, 84.1% regularly snacked, 24.4% frequently skipped breakfast, and 13.7% did not come to meals on time. Logistic regression models indicated that a caregiver with a low level of nutritional knowledge is a risk factor for a child's unhealth dietary behaviors (snacking excepted): the odds ratios (OR) of not liking to drink milk, being choosy about food, skipping breakfast or not having meals on time are 1.665, 1.338, 1.330 and 1.582, respectively. CONCLUSION Caregivers' nutritional knowledge is strongly associated with children's dietary behavior. Nutrition education programs are urgently wanted to improve caregiver's knowledge and thus to improve children's dietary behavior in rural areas of China.
Caregivers ; education ; Child ; Child Behavior ; psychology ; Child Nutritional Physiological Phenomena ; Child, Preschool ; China ; Feeding Behavior ; psychology ; Female ; Food Preferences ; psychology ; Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice ; Humans ; Logistic Models ; Male ; Rural Population ; Surveys and Questionnaires