Objective: To study the effect of active attention with/without target counting on event-related potentials (ERPs) Method: ERPs were elicited by non-target (750 Hz, 80%) and target (2000 Hz, 20%) stimuli in an auditory oddball paradigm for 18 healthy young subjects Results:Compared to the active attention with target counting manner, P3 amplitude was significantly smaller when without target counting (P

Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safty of BaileMian capsulae on treatment of insomnia in aged people. Methods 40 aged people with insomnia were randomly divided into the research group (BaileMian capsule group,n= 20) and the control group (Zaorenanshen capsule group,n=20) treated for 14 days.The clinical effects were esti- mated with SDRS before and after 1 w and 2 w treatment.Results The total SDRS scores after treatments in both groups were significantly decreased comparing with scores before treatments respectively (P

60 years old) in a community of Beijing were investigated by telephone visit, physical examination and Doppler examination. The rates of hypertension, coronary artery disease, diabetes and stroke were evaluated according to the patient whether had PAOD. Results Among 1730 people, 263 cases were diagnosed as POAD. The prevalence of hypertension, coronary heart disease, diabetes and stroke in PAOD population (59.3%,40.3%,29.3% and 22.3%) was higher than those in non-PAOD population (48.1%,32.6%,23.0%and 15.2%)( P

Objective To investigate the relationship between the characteristic changes and prognosis of the patients with mild cognition impairment (MCI). Methods The methods of clinical memory test, word and phrase fluency test, word immediate recall and word delayed recall test were used in a three-year follow-up research with 14 patients with MCI and 18 healthy elderly individuals. Results Compared to healthy elderly subjects, the scores of the word delayed recall in the patients with MCI were significantly deterioration in the second year of follow up (P

Primary age-related tauopathy (PART) is one of neurodegenerative diseases in the very old people. PART clinically resembles Alzheimer′s disease and its definite diagnose needs pathological identification of neurofibrillary tangles with or without amyloid plaques in the brain. This article reviews the historical evolution, clinical manifestation, pathology and diagnosis of PART in order to provide new insights.

BACKGROUND: As the second anti-Alzheimer disease drug approved by Food and Drug Administration(FDA), donepezil (Aricept) has been applied in European and American market. According to the regulation of Health Ministry of China, it needs conducting clinical trial of multiple center nationwide in order to come into Chinese market.OBJECTIVE: To evaluate the efficiency and safety of donepezil on treating mild and moderate Alzheimer disease (AD).DESIGN: Randomized, single blind and placebo control prospective study based on patients.SETTING: Neurological Department of Peking Hospital and Neurological Department of the 301 Hospital of Chinese PLA, and ect.PARTICIPANTS: Totally 188 patients with mild and moderate AD[with mini-mental state examination(MMSE) score of 10 to 24 points] from 15 big hospitals of Beijng, Shanghai and Guangzhou were conducted 12 weeks'clinical trial, among which 89 cases were of single blind and placebo control study while 99 cases were of self-controlled study. All the cases met the AD diagnostic standard of clinical neurology, linguistic dysfunction and stroke(NINCDS-ADRDA) and the 4th edition of Statistic Manual (DSM-IVR).INTERVENTIONS: Donepezil (5 rmg/tablet, ip, 5 rmg/time) or placebo with same color, shape, flavor and size with donepezil ( ip, 1 tablet/time)was taken orally for 12 consecutive weeks.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: MMSE, clinical dementia rating scale(CDR), activities of daily life scale(ADL), biochemical parameters, electrocardiograph(ECG) and chest x-ray were conducted once every 4 weeks before and after treatment.RESULTS: The random, single blind and placebo control study showed that the score of MMSE, CDR and ADL was greatly improved in donepezil group after 12 weeks' treatment when comparing with placebo group(P ＜ 0. 01,0.05, 0.01 ). Self-controlled study showed that the score of MMSE, CRD and ADL in donepezil group after 12 weeks' treatment increased 3.5, 0.6 and 7.1 points respectively compared with those before treatment(P ＜ 0.01,0.05, 0.01 ) . The score of MMSE was already improved in the 4th week of treatment. Among the 145 patients who took donepezil, 7 cases(4.8% )experienced side effect of mild cholinergic excitability. In the placebo group,2 of the 43 cases appeared dizziness and nausea. There was no difference between two groups( P ＞ 0.05).CONCLUSION: Donepezil can effectively treat mild and moderate AD patients and improve their cognitive functions, dementia level and daily living abilities with good tolerance and high safety.

Objective To recognize the developments and achievements of the clinical neuropathology in China from 1955 to 2009.Methods Retrospective survey of literatures related clinical neuropathology published in Chinese Journal of Neurology (CJN) from the first issue in 1955 to the No.12 issue in 2009 was conducted; Total literatures of CJN and literatures of the clinical neuropathology were respectively counted and the percentage of the latter was analyzed in different periods; Proportion of autopsy and biopsy literatures was also analyzed.According to categories of nervous system diseases,their relative percentages were respectively counted.The percentages of clinical neuropathological literatures and autopsy literatures of CJN were compared with the data of the same period of J Neurol Neurosurg Psychiatry (JNNP).Results (1) The percentages of clinical neuropathological literatures in total literatures of CJN were 18.11％ (65/359),20.81％ (103/495),17.05％ (22/129),15.50％ (230/1484),11.58％ (176/1520) and 16.04％ (309/1927),respectively,in 1955-1959,1960-1969,1970-1979,1980-1989,1990-1999,2000-2009.The percentage variation trend in different periods from 1955 to 2009 had significant difference (trend x2 =7.977,P =0.005) ; But there was no significant difference in the variation trend of the percentage of clinical neuropathological literatures between CJN and JNNP from 1955 to 2009.(2) The percentages of autopsy in the total clinical neuropathological literatures of CJN from 1995 to 2009 appeared gradually to decline; Compared with JNNP,the percentages of autopsy in the total clinical neuropathological literatures of CJN during 1980-2009 were lower,and there was significant difference in the variation trend of the percentage of autopsy in the total clinical neuropathological literatures between CJN and JNNP.(3) The main types of neurological diseases in the neuropathological literatures were tumors,infectious diseases and cerebrovascular diseases from 1955 to 1989,while myopathies became the most main disease type during 1990-2009; Compared with the same period JNNP,the clinical neuropathological literatures of the rare and difficult diseases and neurodegenerative diseases in CJN were relatively less.Conclusions Neuropathology is important in the clinical neuroscience research.From 1955 to 2009,main achievements of clinical neuropathological researches in China mainland lie in tumors,cerebrovascular diseases,infectious diseases and myopathies.But in recent years,due to the lack of autopsy cases,it is to the disadvantage of exploring pathogenesis of neurodegenerative diseases and understanding some rare and difficult diseases.

Objectives To investigate the clinical feature of Parkinson's disease (PD) with restless leg syndrome (RLS) and the pathogenesis of RLS. Methods We conducted a cross-sectional and control study. The case group concluded 31 PD with RLS patients, meanwhile 39 PD patients were selected as the control group. Clinical history, clinical manifestations, complications and laboratory examinations were compared respectively between the two groups. Results All the RLS symptoms did not appear in RLS patients until the PD symptoms came out. Significant differences were found in complications such as swallow disturbance, constipation and illusion, when we compared the two PD groups (P ＜ 0.05 ). Compared with the PD or healthy group, the level of serum ferritin and the H-reflex latency of tibial nerve were significantly decreased in PD with RLS group ( P＜0.05). Conclusions Secondary RLS is a complication of PD.Deficiency of iron and decreased inhibition function of spinal cord may lead to the occurrence of RLS in PD patients. When their motor symptoms are serious and complications are more common, PD patients are more possible to have RLS symptoms.

Objective To explore the clinical features of spongiform encephalopathies occurred in the elderly and causes of misdiagnosis. Methods Clinicopathological diagnosis of a 79 year old man with acute spongiform encephalopathy was reported. Clinical, EEG and MRI characteristics of eight old patients with spongiform encephalopathy in China confirmed by neuropathology were reviewed. Results Elder patients with spongiform encephalopathies had an acute onset and a rapid developing course, and all patients presented with progressive dementia accompanied by various clinical manisfestations of extrapyramidal diseases. EEG recordings with typical periodic sharp wave complexes (PSP) was shown in six cases, and abnormal T2 signal in both basal ganglia by MRI in one case. Three cases were misdiagnosed as cerebral vascular disease and one cse as encephalitis herpes cimplex. Conclusions Spongiform encephalopathy in the elderly should be paid more attention to since their early clinical symptoms are similar to that of the acute cerebral vascular diseases. It is suggested that early diagnosis of spongiform encephalopathy could be made basing on the combination of the typical clinical characteristics and dynamic EEG findings, and brain biopsy if necessary, to avoid nosocomial spreading.

Objective To investigate the glucose metabolism changes of cerebral ischemic area after middle cerebral artery occlusion (MCAO) in cat on 18 *"FDG-PET scans.Methods A permanent focal cerebral ischemia model of cat was established by electrocoagulating the terminal of left middle cerebral artery via a transorbital approach. 15 minutes before MCAO, 0.5 mCi 18 *"FDG were intravenous bolus injection.15 minutes, 1 h, 3 h, and 6 h after ischemia, 18 *"FDG-PET were performed and the SUV were measured. After neurological examination, the cats were killed for performing TTC stainnig.Results The SUV of ischemic area were highter than that of contralateral and control area(P