60 years old) in a community of Beijing were investigated by telephone visit, physical examination and Doppler examination. The rates of hypertension, coronary artery disease, diabetes and stroke were evaluated according to the patient whether had PAOD. Results Among 1730 people, 263 cases were diagnosed as POAD. The prevalence of hypertension, coronary heart disease, diabetes and stroke in PAOD population (59.3%,40.3%,29.3% and 22.3%) was higher than those in non-PAOD population (48.1%,32.6%,23.0%and 15.2%)( P

Objective To investigate the pathogenicity of late-onset Alzheimer disease from the viewpoint of comparative proteomic technology and to screen it from diseases with related protein markers.Methods Cerebral cortex tissue of temporal layer of 8 cases of late-onset Alzheimer disease and 5 cases of age-matched autopsied controls with normal brain was chosen for this study.Cerebral proteins were run through immobilized pH gradient (IPG) isoelectric focusing electrophoresis as the first dimension and then vertical SDS-PAGE electrophoresis as the second dimension.Differential proteins were identified with visionworks LS and then analyzed with matrix assisted laser desorption ionization time of flight mass spectrometry(MALDI-TOF-MS) and eleetrospray ionization mass spectrometry (ESI-MS).Finally,the protein was identified by searching in the data bank.Results Different 2-dimensional gel electrophoresis maps were obtained for the protein spots in the late-onset Alzheimer disease group and the control group gels.11 protein spots showed a significantly differential expression between the two groups of cerebral cortex samples.It was found that the expression of DJ-1 protein was increased in the late-onset Alzheimer disease group in comparison with the control group after searching in the database.Conclusion DJ-1 protein may be a potential marker related to Alzheimer disease pathogenicity.This finding would be helpful to develop new drugs which focus on this protein and prevent nearodegeneration.

Objective To study the neuropathological characteristics of late-onset Alzheimer' s disease (LOAD) in Chinese people, to ensure correct diagnosis of LOAD.Methods Choosing cerebral cortex of temporal layer of 8 cases of LOAD and 5 cases of age-matched normal control group by autopsy.Histopathologlc diagnosis was established in all these 13 cases.Cerebral cortex were taken from temporal layer in 13-101 hours after death and were fixed with 40 g/L paraformaldehyde, followed by paraffin-embedding and serial sectioning with 6 μm thickness.Brain tissue was analyzed neuropatholically by using immunohistochemical staining for β-amyloid (Aβ) and AT8 on these cases.Positive distribution of temporal layer was observed under light microscope.Results The results of immunohistochemical stainings of Aβ and AT8 were positive in all of LOAD.Aβ immunoreactant located in the cerebral cortex.The diffuse plaques, primitive plaques and burn-out plaques of senile plaques were displayed clearly by immunohistochcmical stainings of Aβ.AT8 immunoreactants showed neurofibrillary tangles, neuropil thread and senile plaques in nerve cell of cerebral cortex in different degree respectively.The positive rate Aβ and AT8 were both 8/8 by semiquantitative analysis in AD group.As the normal aging control group, which was 0 and 1/5 respectively.There was significant difference of the positive rate Aβ and AT8 in two groups(χ2 = 13.000,P=0.001; χ2=9.244,P=0.007).Conclusions Sensitive immunnhistochemical technique was significant to display senile plaques and neurofibrillary tangles.The findings demonstrate that immunohistochemistry staining of Aβ and AT8 can display senile plaques and neurofibrillary tangles clearly.The connection of the 2 different methods might improve diagnose accordance rate of AD.

Objective:To evaluate the effect of paclitaxel on the mast cell-CCL2-macrophage axis in rats with pulmonary hypertension.Methods:Thirty SPF-grade healthy male Sprague-Dawley rats, aged 8-10 weeks, weighing 180-220 g, were divided into 3 groups ( n=10 each) using a random number table method: control group (group C), pulmonary hypertension group (group PH), and paclitaxel group (group PTX). The model of pulmonary hypertension was established by subcutaneous injection of monocrotaline 60 mg/kg in rats.At 25 days after establishing the models, paclitaxel 2 mg/kg was injected via the tail vein once every four days, for 4 times in total in group PTX.The equal volume of normal saline was injected in the remaining 2 groups.The mean pulmonary artery pressure (mPAP) was performed at 40 days after establishing the model.The heart was removed and dried, the right ventricle (RV) and left ventricle plus ventricular septum (LV+ S) was weighed, and the Fulton index [RV/(LV+ S)] was calculated.The inferior lobe of left lung was taken, the ratio of media wall thickness of pulmonary vessels was calculated by HE staining, the number of Tryptase + , CD68 + , CD163 + , and Ki67 + cells was recorded by immunohistochemistry, the mean value was calculated, the percentage of Ki67-positive cells in blood vessels was recorded, and the proportion of muscularized blood vessels was calculated.The content of CCL2 was measured by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, and the expression of cleaved caspase-3 and Cyclin D1 was detected by Western blot. Results:Compared with group C, the mPAP, Fulton index, ratio of media wall thickness, proportion of muscularized blood vessels, the number of Tryptase + , CD68 + and CD163 + cells and percentage of Ki67 + cells were significantly increased, and the expression of cleaved caspase-3 was down-regulated in PH and PTX groups ( P<0.05), the expression of Cyclin D1 was significantly up-regulated in group PH ( P<0.05), and no significant change was found in group PTX ( P>0.05). Compared with group PH, the mPAP, Fulton index, ratio of media wall thickness, percentage of muscularized blood vessels, the number of Tryptase + , CD68 + and CD163 + cells and percentage of Ki67 + cells were significantly decreased, the expression of CCL2 and Cyclin D1 was down-regulated, and the expression of cleaved caspase-3 was up-regulated in group PTX ( P<0.05). Conclusion:The mechanism by which paclitaxel alleviates pulmonary hypertension is related to inhibiting the mast cell-CCL2-macrophage axis in rats.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety in treatment of patients with mild to moderate Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Methods A total of 233 patients with mild to moderate potential AD were enrolled in a 16-week multi-center double blind clinical trial. All patients were randomized into two groups. 110 patients in galantamine group and 108 patients in donepezil group were enrolled in efficacy analysis. The scales of Alzheimer’s Disease Assessment Scale-Cognitive Subscale (ADAS-cog), Alzheimer’s Disease Cooperative Study Activities of Daily Living Scale (ADCS-ADL) and The Neuropsychiatric Inventory (NPI) were used to assess the effect at both baseline and the end of 16 weeks. Safety issues, including vital signs, lab assays and ECG examinations were measured. Results Patients in both groups were obviously improved in the total score of ADAS-cog (-5.4?6.4) in the galantamine group and (-4.0?7.3) in the donepezil group, P=0.098). 76% patients of the galantamine group had a score of ADAS-cog less than 20 at the end of 16 weeks treatment, which was higher than that of the donepezil group (58%, P=0.015). The sub-score of speech ability in ADAS-cog were improved in the galantamine group (baseline 2.8?2.9,16 weeks 1.8?2.5) compared with the donepezil group (baseline 2.8?3.0, 16 weeks 2.3?2.9, P=0.035). No significant difference of ADSC-ADL and NPI scale was found between the two groups (P=0.447 and 0.936 respectively). The sleep/night behavior was improved in the donepezil group (baseline 14%, 16 weeks 10%) compared with the galantamine group (baseline 23%, 16 weeks 22%, P=0.012). Two drug-related severe adverse events occurred during the trial, which were platelet reduction in the galantamine group and acute drug-induced hepatic injury in the donepezil group. The incidence of adverse events was 44% in the galantamine group and 47% in the donepezil group respectively. Galantamine had little influence on vital signs and lab assays. Conclusion Safe and well tolerated, galantamine improves the cognition, activities of daily living and neuropsychiatric symptoms of patients with mild to moderate AD.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy of chemoradiotherapy alone and prognostic factors for locally advanced rectal cancer. Methods The clinical data of 47 patients with locally advanced rectal cancer who were admitted to our hospital and mostly treated with chemoradiotherapy alone from 2003 to 2010 were retrospectively analyzed. Three of the patients received radiotherapy alone. The Kaplan?Meier method was used to estimate overall survival (OS), progression?free survival (PFS), and distant metastasis?free survival ( DMFS ) rates, and the log?rank test was used for survival difference analysis and univariate prognostic analysis. The Cox regression model was used for multivariate prognostic analysis. Results In all patients, the 3?and 5?year OS rates were 53?2% and 33?2%, respectively, while the 3?and 5?year PFS rates were 37% and 31%, respectively. During the follow?up, 15 patients (32%) had local progression with PFS of 1?60 months (median PFS, 14 months);23 patients (49%) had distant metastasis with DMFS of 2?60 months ( median DMFS, 17 months) . Patients treated with high?dose radiotherapy had significantly lower 3?and 5?year local progression rates than patients treated with medium?dose radiotherapy ( 11% vs. 54%;11%vs. 57%;P=0?004). After chemoradiotherapy, 9 patients (19%) had clinical complete response (cCR), and the 3?and 5?year OS and PFS rates in those patients were all 8/9. The univariate analysis indicated that tumor distance from the anus and cCR were influencing factors for prognosis ( P= 0?026;P= 0?000 ) . However, the multivariate analysis showed that cCR was the only influencing factor for survival ( HR=12?24;95% CI, 1?64 ?91?29;P= 0?015 ) . Conclusions Chemoradiotherpay or radiotherapy alone is effective and safe in the treatment of patients with locally advanced rectal cancer who have to give up surgery or have unresectable tumors. High?dose radiotherapy may improve local control rate. Complete response to chemoradiotherapy predicts satisfactory treatment outcomes.

Objective To explore the risk factors for lower extremity amputation in patients with diabetic foot.Methods The clinical data of 1 771 patients with diabetic foot at the Air Force General Hospital of PLA from November 2001 to April 2015 were retrospectively analyzed.The patients were divided into the non-amputation and amputation groups.Within the amputation group , subjects were further divided into the minor and major amputation subgroups.Binary logistic regression analyses were used to assess the association between risk factors and lower extremity amputation.Results Among 1 771 patients with diabetic foot , 323 of them ( 18.24%) were in the amputation group ( major amputation: 41; minor amputation:282 ) and 1 448 ( 81.76%) in the non-amputation group.Compared with non-amputation patients, those in the amputation group had a longer hospital stay and higher estimated glomerular filtration rate(eGFR)levels.Fasting plasma glucose (FPG), glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), C-reaction protein (CRP), ESR, ferritin, fibrinogen and WBC levels of the amputation group were higher , while hemoglobin albumin, transferrin, TC, TG, HDL-C and LDL-C were lower than those of the non-amputation group (all P<0.05 ).The proportion of hypertension ( 52.48% vs 59.98%) , peripheral vascular disease ( PAD ) (68.11% vs 25.04%), and coronary heart disease (21.33% vs 28.71%) were different between the amputation and non-amputation groups (all P<0.05).Multivariable logistic regression analyses showed that Wagner′s grade , PAD and CRP were the independent risk factors associated with lower extremity amputation in hospitalized patients with diabetic foot.Conclusion Wagner′s grade, ischemia of lower limbs and infection are closely associated with amputation of diabetic foot patients.

Premature ovarian insufficiency(POI),also known as"ovarian insufficiency",has an incidence of 1％～5％.The incidence has been on the rise in recent years,seriously affecting women's physical and mental health and quality of life.At present,the cause and mechanisms of POI are still unclear,and the method and applications of model construction are also confusing.Most models have some shortcomings in pertinence and stability.The limitations greatly limit research into the clinical diagnosis and treatment of POI.This paper summarizes and discusses the etiology and pathogenesis of POI and the construction of POI animal models to provide a comprehensive reference for those studying POI.

ObjectiveTo analyze the current research status of the classical formulas in China and predict the future development trends， thus providing reference and suggestions for the scientific research and clinical application of classical formulas. MethodThe relevant publications were retrieved from China National Knowledge Infrastructure （CNKI） with the time interval from January 1， 2008 to August 1， 2023， and the publications were counted. CiteSpace 6.1.R6 was used for visual analysis of the authors， research institutions， and keywords. ResultA total of 847 valid publications were included in this study. The annual number of publications showed a rapid rise after 2018. The Chinese Journal of Experimental Traditional Medical Formulae was the main journal publishing the articles about ancient classical formulas in China. ZHAN Zhilai， BAI Jie， LU Tulin， FU Chaomei， and CHEN Renshou were active researchers in this field and had formed stable research teams. The China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences and its affiliated institutions published the most articles and had close cooperation with other research institutions in China. The co-occurrence network and cluster map of keywords showed that textual research on materia medica， clinical application， quality standard， fingerprint， and mechanism of action were the core keywords. The top 3 bursts in this field were benchmark samples， quality evaluation， and origin. ConclusionThe current research on ancient classical formulas still has shortcomings such as lack of large-scale cooperation between teams and weak transformation of research achievements. At present， the research hotspots in this field mainly include textural research on key information， quality control and fingerprinting， and clinical application. The future research in this field mainly focus on benchmark samples of classical formula preparations， quality evaluation of medicinal materials， pharmacodynamic material basis， and mechanisms of classical formulas.

Objective To assess the value of cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) in evaluating the response of unresectable liver cancer to transarterial chemoembolization (TACE). Methods A total of 55 unresectable liver cancer patients with 90 lesions who received TACE at the First People’s Hospital of Liangshan Yi Autonomous Prefecture between July 2021 and July 2023 were enrolled in the study. The response to TACE was evaluated using the modified Response Evaluation Criteria in Solid Tumors one month post-treatment. The value of lesion diameter, volume, and density on CBCT images in predicting the response to TACE was assessed using the area under the receiver operating characteristic curve. Results Of the 55 patients treated with TACE, 26 achieved complete response, 17 achieved partial response, 9 showed stable disease, and 3 had progressive disease. Of the 90 lesions, 48 achieved complete response, 20 achieved partial response, 17 showed stable disease, and 5 had progressive disease. On CBCT images, the mean diameter, volume, and density of lesions with complete and non-complete responses were (20.9 ± 9.9) mm, (1719.3 ± 777.9) mm³, and (143.7 ± 87.9) HU, versus (10.9 ± 7.7) mm, (890.0 ± 327.4) mm³, and (38.8 ± 33.3) HU, respectively, with significant differences between the two groups (t=10.6, 79.8, and 65.5; all P < 0.01). One month post-treatment, CT scans displayed no enhanced areas in lesions with complete response and visible enhanced areas in lesions with non-complete response, with mean lesion diameter and density of (14.1 ± 6.2) mm and (78.8 ± 30.3) HU, respectively. In addition, the areas under the receiver operating characteristic curves of lesion diameter, volume, and density on CBCT images were 0.935, 0.955, and 0.981, respectively, in distinguishing between complete and non-complete responses following TACE. Using a cut-off value of 82.5 HU for predicting response to TACE, the lesion density had sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value of 95.5%, 100.0%, 100.0%, and 95.0%, respectively. Conclusion CBCT is effective in predicting the short-term response of liver cancer to TACE.