Primary pulmonary involvement of Hodgkin's disease is unusual, and can be distinguished from nodal Hodgkin's disease involving the lung secondarily. We report a case of with primary pulmonary manifestation of Hodgkin's disease in young woman who survived 2 years after diagnosis with literature reviews. She had unilateral cavitating lung lesions. After pathological examination, we diagnosed as primary pulmonary Hodgkin's disease, mixed cellularity type and treated with conventional chemotherapy and adjuvant radiation.
Diagnosis ; Drug Therapy ; Female ; Hodgkin Disease* ; Humans ; Lung ; Lung Neoplasms

With the in-depth study of tumor immunity, immunotherapy represented by immune checkpoint inhibitors has made a great breakthrough in solid tumors. Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) accounts for about 15%-20% of all lung cancers, with high malignancy, early metastasis and lack of effective treatment strategy. The appearance of immune checkpoint inhibitors brings new hope for SCLC. Several clinical trials have demonstrated the persistent efficacy and clinical activity of the programmed death receptor/ligand 1 (PD-1/L1) and cytotoxic T-lymphocyte antigen 4 (CTLA-4) in the treatment of SCLC. However, its efficacy and safety are not very accurate, and the markers that can effectively predict the efficacy of immunotherapy have not been concluded. In this paper, for further changing the treatment strategy of SCLC clinical practice and providing theoretical basis of research, we reviewed the progress of immune checkpoint inhibitors, related markers in the treatment of SCLC by exploring the value, problems and challenges of immunotherapy in SCLC.
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Humans ; Lung Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; drug therapy ; immunology ; Molecular Targeted Therapy ; methods ; Prognosis ; Small Cell Lung Carcinoma ; diagnosis ; drug therapy ; immunology

In recent years, series of driver genes, such as EGFR, KRAS/NRAS, BRAF, PIK3CA, ALK and ROS1 and so on, have been found in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) one after another with the development of molecular detecting technology. Targeted drugs bring benefits for these NSCLC patients with driver gene variations. However, some NSCLC did not have any known driver gene variations; we called it pan-negative lung cancer. In this paper, we summarize the concept, clinical pathological characteristics, the epidemiological characteristics, treatment and prognosis of pan-negative NSCLC.
Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung ; diagnosis ; drug therapy ; genetics ; pathology ; Humans ; Lung Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; drug therapy ; genetics ; pathology ; Mutation ; Prognosis

The paraneoplastic nephrotic syndrome can be diagnosed by clinical and immunologic features. We have had a case of paraneoplastic nephrotic syndrome in the patients with aadeno-carcinoma of the lung, whose diagnosis was made by excluding other causes of nephrotic syndrome. The type of renal lesion was membranous glomerulopathy which commonly occurs in carcinoma. The quantity of proteinuria in this patient had decreased according to the improvement of lung cancer with combination chemotherapy. After fourth chemotherapy he was refractory to treatment, and unfortunately he had passed away with cardiac tamponade.
Adenocarcinoma* ; Cardiac Tamponade ; Diagnosis ; Drug Therapy ; Drug Therapy, Combination ; Glomerulonephritis, Membranous* ; Humans ; Lung Neoplasms ; Lung* ; Nephrotic Syndrome ; Paraneoplastic Syndromes ; Proteinuria

BACKGROUND: Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer deaths in Korea and the number of lung cancer deaths is increasing. The higher response rates, decreased toxicity and improved performance status of the first-line treatments have resulted in an increased number of patients becoming candidates for second-line therapy. Several new anti??neoplastic agents, including gemcitabine, docetaxel and paclitaxel, have recently demonstrated second-line activity. This phase II study evaluated the efficacy and toxicity of gemcitabine and vinorelbine as combination chemotherapy for Korean patients with NSCLC as a second-line treatment. METHODS: Sixty response-evaluable patients were enrolled from December 2000 to July 2003. We conducted a phase II study of a combination gemcitabine and vinorelbine chemotherapy for patients with histologically confirmed NSCLC that was stage IIIB and IV disease at the time of diagnosis, and the disease had progressed onward or the patients had relapsed after first-line platinum-based chemotherapy. They were treated with intravenous gemcitabine 1000mg/m2 and intravenous vinorelbine 25mg/m2 on days 1 and 8. This chemotherapy regimen was repeated every 3 weeks. RESULTS: A total of 215 cycles of treatment were given and the mean number of cycles was 3.6 cycles. All the patients were evaluable for the toxicity profile. The response rate was 10% according to the WHO criteria.?The median progression free survival was 3.8 months and the median survival time was 10.1 months. The 1-year survival rate was 32.9%. Grade III and IV neutropenia were seen in 20 (33.3%) and 7 (11.7%) patients, respectively. CONCLUSION: The combination of gemcitabine and vinorelbine is active and well tolerated as a second-line therapy for patients with advanced nonsmall cell lung carcinoma.
Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung ; Diagnosis ; Disease-Free Survival ; Drug Therapy ; Drug Therapy, Combination* ; Humans ; Korea ; Lung Neoplasms ; Lung* ; Neutropenia ; Paclitaxel ; Survival Rate

A 54-year-old, non-smoking woman was diagnosed as stage ⅣB adenocarcinoma with widespread bone metastasis (cT4N2M1c) in the First Affiliated Hospital, Zhejiang University School of Medicine. Immunohistochemistry result showed the presence of anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) gene rearrangement; next-generation sequencing (NGS) indicated EML4-ALK fusion (E6:A20) with concurrent CCDC148-ALK (C1:A20), PKDCC-ALK (Pintergenic:A20)and VIT-ALK (V15:A20) fusions. After 32 weeks of alectinib treatment, the patient complained cough and exertional chest distress but had no sign of infection. Computed tomography (CT) showed bilateral diffuse ground glass opacities, suggesting a diagnosis of alectinib-related interstitial lung disease (ILD). Following corticosteroid treatment and discontinuation of alectinib, clinical presentations and CT scan gradually improved, but the primary lung lesions enlarged during the regular follow-up. The administration of crizotinib was then initiated and the disease was stable for 25 months without recurrence of primary lung lesions and ILD.
Female ; Humans ; Middle Aged ; Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung/drug therapy* ; Crizotinib/therapeutic use* ; Lung Neoplasms/drug therapy* ; Anaplastic Lymphoma Kinase/therapeutic use* ; Lung Diseases, Interstitial/diagnosis*

Malignant mesothelioma is a highly malignant disease that most often occurs in the pleural cavity, followed by the peritoneum and pericardium. Malignant peritoneal mesothelioma (MPM) accounts for 10%-15% of all mesothelioma. The most important risk factor for MPM is exposure to asbestos. MPM has no specific clinical symptoms, imaging and histopathology are critical for the diagnosis. There are currently no generally accepted guidelines for curative treatment of MPM. The patient mainly presented with abdominal pain, abdominal distension and discomfort. Due to extensive omentum metastasis, no further surgical treatment was performed. Pemetrexed combined with cisplatin chemotherapy was given for 2 cycles, and the patient is still alive.
Humans ; Mesothelioma, Malignant/drug therapy* ; Mesothelioma/diagnosis* ; Pemetrexed/therapeutic use* ; Cisplatin/therapeutic use* ; Peritoneal Neoplasms/diagnosis* ; Pleural Neoplasms ; Lung Neoplasms/drug therapy*

Small cell lung cancer (SCLC) is a refractory cancer with high degree of malignancy, rapid disease progression, poor prognosis and easy recurrence. In the past 30 years, the traditional treatment of SCLC, mainly chemotherapy and radiotherapy, has not changed significantly, and the effective treatment method for clinical needs is extremely urgent. The rapid development of precision medicine has revealed the molecular biological characteristics of SCLC, so its diagnosis and treatment will into a new era. At present, some studies have shown that anti-angiogenic drugs, immunotherapy and so on have improved the efficacy of SCLC treatment to some extent, and there are more studies on the diagnosis and treatment of SCLC, so a new field of SCLC treatment are coming and bringing more survival benefits to patients. New studies on targeted therapy, anti-angiogenesis drugs and immunotherapy of molecular pathology of SCLC are emerging. This paper reviews the new diagnosis and treatment methods of SCLC to provide new guidance for its clinical treatment.
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Angiogenesis Inhibitors ; administration & dosage ; Animals ; Humans ; Immunologic Factors ; administration & dosage ; Immunotherapy ; Lung Neoplasms ; diagnosis ; drug therapy ; Small Cell Lung Carcinoma ; diagnosis ; drug therapy

Trophoblastic differentiation in gynecologic nontrophoblastic tumor is very rare. Here we present a 66-year-old female with poorly differentiated endometrial carcinoma showing trophoblast-like differentiation. This tumor was in advanced stage with metastases to lung, liver, and bone at diagnosis. The multinucleated, syncytiotrophoblast-like cells were positive for beta-human chorionic gonadotropin (beta-hCG) by immunochemical stain. The level of beta-hCG was also elevated (219 mIU/ml) in the patient's serum, but dropped after surgery and chemotherapy. beta-hCG may be used as tumor marker in this case.
Adenocarcinoma* ; Aged ; Chorionic Gonadotropin ; Diagnosis ; Drug Therapy ; Endometrial Neoplasms ; Female ; Humans ; Liver ; Lung ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Trophoblasts*

A paraneoplastic syndrome is a disease or symptom that is the consequence of the presence of cancer in the body but is not due to the local presence of cancer cells. Thus, successful treatment of the underlying tumor often improves such syndromes. Amylase-producing lung cancer, multiple myeloma, and ovarian cancer are reported only rarely. In Korea, no cases of hyperamylasemia have been reported in patients with primary peritoneal carcinoma. We report an interesting case of hyperamylasemia suspected to have been induced by primary peritoneal carcinoma. The patient's amylase isoenzyme patterns indicated salivary-type amylase. Hyperamylasemia was reduced in parallel with the response to chemotherapy. These data confirmed the diagnosis of amylase-producing primary peritoneal carcinoma.
Amylases ; Diagnosis ; Drug Therapy ; Humans ; Hyperamylasemia ; Korea ; Lung Neoplasms ; Multiple Myeloma ; Ovarian Neoplasms ; Paraneoplastic Syndromes ; Peritoneal Neoplasms