Novel influenza A (H1N1) virus is the pathogen of recent global outbreaks of febrile respiratory infection. We herein report the imaging findings of pulmonary complication in two patients with novel influenza A (H1N1) infection. The first patient without secondary infection showed the ill-defined ground-glass opacity nodules and patch areas of ground-glass opacities. The second patient with secondary pneumococcal pneumonia showed areas of lobar consolidation in the right middle lobe and left lower lobe and ground-glass opacities.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Female ; Humans ; *Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype ; Influenza, Human/complications/drug therapy/*radiography/virology ; Lung/*radiography/virology ; Pneumonia, Pneumococcal/drug therapy/*radiography ; Radiography, Thoracic ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ; *Tomography, X-Ray Computed

BACKGROUND/AIMS: Pandemic influenza A (H1N1) virus infection presents with variable severity. However, little is known about clinical predictors of disease severity. We studied the clinical predictors of severe pandemic H1N1 pneumonia and their correlation with radiological findings. METHODS: We reviewed medical and radiological records of adults with pandemic H1N1 pneumonia. After classification of patients into severe and non-severe groups, the following data were evaluated: demographic data, pneumonia severity index (PSI), CURB65, risk factors, time to first dose of antiviral medication, routine laboratory data, clinical outcome, and radiological characteristics. RESULTS: Of 37 patients with pandemic H1N1 pneumonia, 12 and 25 were assigned to the severe and non-severe groups, respectively. PSI score, serum aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), and lactate dyhydrogenase (LDH) levels were higher in the severe group than in the non-severe group (p = 0.035, 0.0003, 0.0023, and 0.0002, respectively). AST, ALT, and LDH levels were positively correlated with the radiological findings (p < 0.0001, 0.0003, and < 0.0001, respectively) and with the number of involved lobes (p = 0.663, 0.0134, and 0.0019, respectively). The most common finding on high resolution computed tomography (HRCT) scans was ground-glass attenuation with consolidation (n = 22, 60%), which had a predominantly patchy distribution (n = 31). CONCLUSIONS: We demonstrated a positive correlation between clinical findings, such as serum AST, ALT, and LDH levels, and radiological findings. A combination of clinical and HRCT indicators would be useful in predicting the clinical outcome of pandemic H1N1 pneumonia.
Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Alanine Transaminase/blood ; Antiviral Agents/therapeutic use ; Aspartate Aminotransferases/blood ; Biological Markers/blood ; Chi-Square Distribution ; Clinical Enzyme Tests ; Female ; Humans ; Influenza A Virus, H1N1 Subtype/*pathogenicity ; Influenza, Human/*diagnosis/mortality/radiography/therapy/virology ; L-Lactate Dehydrogenase/blood ; Lung/*radiography/virology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; *Pandemics ; Pneumonia, Viral/*diagnosis/mortality/radiography/therapy/virology ; Predictive Value of Tests ; Prognosis ; Republic of Korea/epidemiology ; Respiration, Artificial ; Retrospective Studies ; Risk Assessment ; Risk Factors ; Severity of Illness Index ; *Tomography, X-Ray Computed ; Young Adult