No abstract available.
Lung* ; Physiology*

Humans ; Lung ; physiology ; Posture ; physiology

In the year 2000-2001 period, at Bach Mai Hospital, 1.480 patients underwent a measuring of pulmonary ventilation function, among them 65% were under 50 years old and male/female ratio was 1:3. Initial diagnosis was bronchus asthma in 36.2%, acute bronchitis 15.4% and lung tumor 12.9%, COPD and chronical bronchitis 14.2%. In 77% of cases, FEV1 <80%. In 72% of cases, VC<80%. In 26.4% of cases, there were obstructive nervous disturbance with Tiffeneau <70%, among them 98.2% of cases were at least in medium severe level with FEV1<80%. In 32.1% of case, there was a diagnosis of asthma, 24.3% bronchitis and 65.2% COPD, there was obstructive nervous disturbance with Tiffeneau index < 70%. In 31.9% of cases there was obstructive nervous disturbance and VC < 80% concurrently.
Ventilation ; Lung/physiology ; Epidemiology

Through analysis and study of ancient literatures, it is primarily approved that there existed a connective subject, namely intermediate structure, between the "lung-lung meridian" and the "large intestine-large intestine meridian", which can promote the interior-exterior close relationship between the two. It mainly includes intermediate of the organism (throat, supraclavicular fossa, the bone formed elbow joint, nose, anus and skin), intermediate of acupoints (Luo-connecting points) and intermediate of zang-fu, meridians and collaterals (stomach and the Stomach Meridian of Foot-Yangming, liver and Liver Meridian of Foot-Jueyin). The theory provides new thoughts for study on the interior-exterior relationship between the corresponding zang and fu organs.
Acupuncture Points ; Humans ; Intestine, Large ; physiology ; Lung ; physiology ; Meridians

Altitude ; Exercise/physiology* ; Heart Rate/physiology* ; Humans ; Lung ; Respiration

In order to study the variation of complex impedance and characteristic parameters on human normal and tumor lung tissue during the extracorporeal time, we established a real part-imaginary part chart of complex impedance on lung tissue which provided the basic theory and the reference data for research on elementary medicine and clinical diagnosis of lung cancer and meanwhile provided prior information for electrical impedance tomography (EIT) research. In the experiment carried out in our laboratory, when operation was finished, we kept the lung cancer tissue and normal tissue neatly separated into the cylindrical testing cavities and kept the temperature and humidity at expected values. Then the measurements of complex impedance property are performed at frequency from 1 000 Hz to 30 MHz using 4294A impedance analyzer of Aglient Company. With time changing, the results showed that there was a significant change occurring on the complex impedance of human normal and tumor lung tissue. However, the impedance of normal lung tissue is greater than that of tumor lung tissue. We consider that this change should be related to the change in extracellular fluid, intracellular fluid and cell membrane.
Electric Impedance ; Humans ; Lung ; physiology ; Lung Neoplasms ; pathology ; Tomography

Neutrophils play a critical role in ventilation-induced lung injury. This study was aimed to investigate the characteristics of neutrophils influx in lungs induced by high tidal volume ventilation. Anaesthetized rats were randomly divided into low tidal volume ventilation group (Vt: 7 mL/kg, LV group) or high tidal volume ventilation group (Vt: 42 mL/kg, HV group) (n=40 in each). Rats in each group were ventilated for 0, 60, 90, 120 and 240 min. The wet/dry lung weight ratio (W/D) was measured. The levels of macrophage inflammatory protein-2 (MIP-2) and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), and the activity of myeloperoxidase (MPO) were detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). The number of neutrophils in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) was counted after Wright's staining, and the percentage of netrophils in lung tissues calculated. Histopatholgical examination was used to observe the changes of lung tissues after different ventilations. The results showed that the W/D weight ratio was increased, and the levels of MIP-2 and TNF-α significantly enhanced in HV group at 90, 120 and 240 min. Neutrophils in BALF and the neutrophil percentage in lung tissues were also elevated at 120 and 240 min, which coincided with the enhanced activity of MPO in HV group. The lung injury was significantly related with the ventilation time and the infiltration of neutrophils in lungs in HV group. In conclusion, in ventilation-induced lung injury, neutrophil infiltration is present in a time-dependent manner and associated with the aggravated lung injury. Pulmonary structural damage may be the main reason for ventilation-induced lung injury.
Animals ; Lung ; physiopathology ; Lung Injury ; physiopathology ; Male ; Neutrophil Infiltration ; physiology ; Neutrophils ; physiology ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

Lung cancer is a major medical problem. Despite advances in molecular biology and pharmacology, the outcome of lung cancer treatment is unsatisfactory. Clinically, inflammation and cancer are closely associated, and, genetically, these two processes are regulated by the same gene loci. Inflammation promotes cancer formation. Increasing evidence shows that neuroimmune interaction involving inflammatory disease and the vagus nerves are crucial in the interaction. Airway sensory receptors are biosensors that detect the lung inflammatory process through various mediators and cytokines. This information is transmitted through vagal afferents to the brain and produces a host of responses that regulate the extent and intensity of inflammation. Tumor cells express receptors for neurotransmitters and provide a substrate for direct interaction with neurons. Thus, neural regulation of the immune response is targeted towards inflammation as well as tumors. The airway sensors can detect cancer-related cytokines, which provides a direct pathway to inform the brain of tumor growth. The knowledge of how these sensors may monitor tumor progression and provide neuroimmune interaction in the control of tumor development and metastasis will improve our treatment of lung cancer.
Carcinogenesis ; Cytokines ; physiology ; Humans ; Inflammation ; pathology ; Lung ; innervation ; pathology ; Lung Neoplasms ; pathology ; Sensory Receptor Cells ; physiology ; Vagus Nerve ; physiology

BACKGROUNDPolymorphonuclear neutrophil (PMN), one of the most important inflammatory cells, functions throughout the initiation, progression and resolution of inflammation. This study aimed at investigating the relationship between PMN apoptosis and the lung injury after chest impact trauma.

METHODSPMNs were purified from rabbits subjected to the chest impact trauma and their apoptosis, necrosis, survival and respiratory burst were detected by flow cytometry. Meanwhile, lactate dehydrogenase and (LDH) [Ca2+]i were measured.

RESULTSThe delayed apoptosis of PMNs in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid was observed from 2 hours to 12 hours after trauma, and viable cells increased. Respiratory burst of PMNs in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid was increased significantly from 2 hours with the peak at 8 hours. Meanwhile, lactate dehydrogenase in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid was higher than that in control (P < 0.05) from 4 hours to 24 hours, and intracellular free Ca2+ in PMN was increased temporarily.

CONCLUSIONSRetention of PMN in tissues and the abnormality in apoptotic pathway inevitably generate persistent activation of PMN and excessive release of toxic substances, resulting in tissue injury. The temporary increase of intracellular free Ca2+ may be responsible for the delayed apoptosis of PMN.

Animals ; Apoptosis ; physiology ; Lung Injury ; Neutrophils ; physiology ; Rabbits ; Respiratory Burst ; physiology ; Thoracic Injuries ; complications

Breathing is critically depending on a variety of sensory feedbacks from multiple sources for its optimal performance. The sensory information from the lung and airways probably provides one of the most important feedbacks to adjust the respiratory controller to generate optimal breathing movements. Since Breuer and Hering made the seminal report regarding role of the vagus nerve in control of breathing in 1868, airway sensory receptors have been a subject for intensive and extensive studies. After more than a century investigation, our knowledge accumulates immensely, however, our understanding of the nature of these sensory receptors is still far from complete. This brief review provides an overview on this topic.
Humans ; Lung ; innervation ; physiology ; Mechanoreceptors ; physiology ; Neuroepithelial Bodies ; physiology ; Pulmonary Stretch Receptors ; physiology ; Reflex ; physiology ; Respiratory System ; innervation ; Vagus Nerve ; physiology