Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary ; psychology ; rehabilitation ; Coronary Disease ; psychology ; rehabilitation ; surgery ; Humans ; Postoperative Period

To explore the effect of magnitude and duration on the performance of Cumulative Sum (CUSUM),with simulation method used on the subject after the insertion of 11 outbreak events into baseline data with Poisson distribution.Sensitivity fluctuated from 9.1％ to 100.0％ with specificities higher than 98.6％.Sensitivity was significantly correlated with magnitude,and increased along with the increase of magnitude.However,no significant correlation was observed between sensitivity and duration.A magnitude which was at least 2.6 times higher than that of the mean daily baseline could result in the sensitivity of 100.0％.Time-lag would be improved along with the increase of magnitude.Time between onset and detection of an outbreak was no longer than one day when magnitude was more than 1.8 of the mean daily baseline.In summary,the performance of CUSUM was influenced by magnitude,but not by duration.CUSUM had the advantage of good time-lag and high sensitivity when the outbreak magnitude was more than 2.4 time over the baseline data.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the association of heptitis B virus (HBV) genotypes and precore(PreC)/basal core promoter(BCP) mutation with interruption failure of HBV vaccination in mother-to-infant transmission.

METHODSA total number of 208 serum samples were collected from infants and mothers,including 16 infants who had become HBsAg-positive despite a complete and timely course of immunization and another 88 infants successfully protected from mother-to infant HBV transmission. HBV genotypes were determined by type-specific primers PCR method. PreC/BCP mutations were detected by direct sequencing of PCR products, and Clustal W 1.8 software was applied to analyzing the sequences.

RESULTSOf 16 mothers who were having vaccine failure infants, 15 (93.8%) were HBeAg positive and infected with genotype C (15/15, 100%). Among 88 mothers of having children being protected by vaccine, 51 (58.0%) were HBeAg positive, with 45.1% (23/51) of genotype C. The proportion of genotype C in HBeAg mothers of infants with vaccine failure, was significantly higher than that of mothers with vaccine protected infants (chi2 = 14.3, P = 0.003). However, the frequencies of T1762/A1764 mutations had no significant differences between genotype C HBeAg positive mothers with vaccine failure or protected infants (33.3% and 13.3%, respectively, P = 0.4). No A1896 mutation was found in these two groups.

CONCLUSIONHBV genotype C might contribute to the immune failure of HBV vaccination in mother-to-infant transmission, while PreC/BCP mutation might not have correlation with it.

Adult ; Female ; Genes, Viral ; Genotype ; Hepatitis B ; immunology ; prevention & control ; transmission ; Hepatitis B Vaccines ; immunology ; Hepatitis B virus ; genetics ; immunology ; Humans ; Infant, Newborn ; Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical ; prevention & control ; Mutation ; Polymerase Chain Reaction ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy Complications, Infectious ; immunology ; virology ; Promoter Regions, Genetic

China ; Cost of Illness ; Demography ; Female ; Humans ; Maternal Mortality ; Poverty Areas

OBJECTIVETo clarify the dose-response relationship between asbestos dust exposure and lung cancer incidence in chrysotile asbestos miners by fixed cohort study and to investigate the incidence rates of lung cancer in exposure to different concentrations of asbestos dust.

METHODSA retrospective cohort study was conducted in 1932 asbestos miners who registered from January 1, 1981 to December 31, 1988, had worked for at least 1 year, and had no obvious cardiopulmonary diseases; the cohort study began in July 2009 and covered a time span of 29 years (1981 - 2009). The personal information, occupational history, disease history, and health data of these miners were recorded, and the monitoring data on dust concentrations in the mine over the years were collected. The dose-response relationship between asbestos dust concentration and lung cancer incidence was established by the method of life table; a regression equation was fitted to predict the excess incidence rates of lung cancer under the conditions of different working years and dust concentrations.

RESULTSA significant dose-response relationship was observed between cumulative exposure (Ce) and cumulative probability (Px) of lung cancer incidence, and the smokers hada higher Px than nonsmokers. When Ce was less than 2000 mg/m(3)·each year, Px reached 6.58/10000; when Ce was not less than 2000 mg/m(3)·and less than 3000 mg/m(3)·each year, Px reached 91.72/10000; when Ce was more than 5000 mg/m(3)·each year, Px was as high as 141.02/10000. The three models were fitted to obtain the optimal regression equation: Px = -0.0004Ce(2) + 0.0052Ce - 0.0011 (r(2) = 0.9387). In the workshop of asbestos mine in this study, the average dust concentration was 85 times higher than the limit in 2009, so the excess incidence rate of lung cancer was 112.598/10000 if the miners worked under this condition for 40 years, according to the equation.

CONCLUSIONThere is a significant dose-response relationship between cumulative asbestos exposure and lung cancer incidence in chrysotile asbestos miners. The risk for lung cancer rises as asbestos exposure increases.

Asbestos, Serpentine ; toxicity ; Dust ; Female ; Humans ; Lung Neoplasms ; etiology ; Male ; Mining ; Occupational Exposure ; Retrospective Studies

Objective This study combined genotyping with family doctors' contracting model to assess the application of precision medicine in rural patients with essential hypertension. Methods In this study, 209 hypertensive patients from 3 villages in Lujiang County, Hefei City, Anhui Province were selected as subjects and randomly divided into experimental group(n=105) and control group(n=104). The medication regimen of observation group was guided by genetic testing for gene sensitivity to antihypertensive drugs, and the control group was implemented routine pharmacy. All the patients were managed by family doctors. Adverse drug reaction rate, treatment compliance, blood pressure, body mass index (BMI), fasting blood glucose (FBG), cholesterol (TC), and triglycerides (TG) of the two groups were analyzed, respectively, during the 6-month intervention. Results After 6-month of intervention, the medication compliance of the experimental group were significantly higher than that of the control group, and the blood pressure and adverse drug reaction rate were significantly lower than that of the control group. After 3 months of intervention, there was no significant decrease in BMI, FBG, TC and TG in the two groups. After 6 months of intervention, the FBG, TC and TG of the experimental group were significantly decreased,while only the FBG value of the control group was significantly decreased. There were no significant changes in body mass index (BMI) values in both groups. Conclusions Individualized medication guided by genotyping can improve the treatment compliance, reduce the adverse drug reaction rate, and improve the treatment efficiency of patients with essential hypertension.

OBJECTIVE: To explore expression of the glycoprotein in early myocardial ischemic. METHODS: The glycoprotein changes occurred at the early acute cardiac ischemic area induced experimentally by ligation of left coronary artery of 32 SD rats. 6 lectins were measured by means of immunohistochemical methods. RESULTS: Positive staining of PNA could be observed in ischemic area at 5 min after ischemia, and the positive area increased with the prolongation of ischemic period. It became the strongest for 2 h and then decreased. CONCLUSION This experiment proved that myocardial cell membrane in ischemia expressed D-galactose. This may be of some value in forensic medicine practice.
Animals ; Female ; Immunohistochemistry ; Male ; Membrane Glycoproteins/biosynthesis* ; Myocardial Ischemia/metabolism* ; Myocardium/metabolism* ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the incidence of postoperative hemorrhage in children undergoing adenoidectomy, and to discuss its possible causes.

METHODSIncluded in this study were children who underwent adenoid and/or tonsil surgery at Shenzhen Children's Hospital between January 2004 and November 2009. The change of hemoglobin (Hb) and hematocrit (Hct) were retrospectively analysed. The blood loss was estimated by the change of Hct.

RESULTSThere were 2078 cases that accomplished the inclusion criteria in the period of study. Ten children bled 0.5 - 4.0 hours after surgery, without superfluous hemorrhage during the operation and post-tonsillectomy. This represented an incidence of 0.48%of immediate postoperative haemorrhage among the 2078 procedures analyzed. Statistical differences were found between boys (0.21%) and girls (1.10%, χ² = 5.597, P < 0.05). The change of Hb and Hct was positively correlated (r = 0.95, P < 0.01), the blood loss was positively correlated with the bleeding time (r = 0.66, P < 0.05). The causes of postoperative hemorrhage were coagulation system deficits, chronic nasopharyngitis, deficient hemostasis and immoderate ravage. To control the postoperative hemorrhage, 2 postnasal packing under topical anaesthesia and 8 electrocautery under general anaesthesia were applied.

CONCLUSIONSPoor operative technique and deficient hemostasis are the major causes of primary hemorrhage. Prompt operation to control the postoperative bleeding should be done 2 hours after bleeding under general anesthesia in order to avoid severe complications.

Adenoidectomy ; adverse effects ; Adolescent ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Hematocrit ; Hemoglobins ; analysis ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Postoperative Hemorrhage ; etiology ; Retrospective Studies ; Tonsillectomy ; adverse effects

This study was purposed to investigate the efficacy of different whole flow lysis reagents for lysis of red blood cells in flow cytometric analysis. The expression of immunocytes was detected by flow cytometry after lysis of red blood cells using commercial reagents (Optilyse C, FACS Lysing Solution) and self-made red blood cell lysis reagents (RBC Lysis Buffer), the detection results were analyzed comparatively. The results showed that there was no significant difference in the percentage of CD3e(+), CD3e(+)CD4(+), CD3e(+)CD8a(+), CD3e(-)CD19(+), CD3e(-)NK1.1(+) and Gr-1(+) cells between 3 different lysis reagent groups. However OptiLyse C solution was suitable to Gr-1(+) cell detection, but did not suit to Foxp3(+) Treg detection. The self-made RBC Lysis Buffer and FACS Lysing Solution were suited to Foxp3(+) Treg detection. It is concluded that the use of self-made RBC Lysis Buffer for flow cytometry can get the lysis efficiency of commercially available lysis solutions when samples are prepared in accordance with standardized procedure. The self-made RBC Lysis Buffer not only can satisfy experimental requirements, but also can reduce the experimental costs.
Animals ; Erythrocyte Count ; Erythrocytes ; immunology ; metabolism ; Flow Cytometry ; instrumentation ; methods ; Immune System ; immunology ; Indicators and Reagents ; analysis ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred C57BL

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the effect of treatments with the molecular adsorbents recirculating system (MARS) on liver failure patients of severe hepatitis B, in order to seek a safe and effective therapeutic method which contribute to the improved survival rate for severe hepatitis patients.

METHODS52 liver failure patients of severe hepatitis B were performed intermittent MARS therapy for 6 to 8 hours per time in addition to standard medical treatment. Parameters in blood chemical data were collected before and after every treatment and analyzed in comparison with those parameters from controlled groups by means of plasma exchange and standard medical therapy.

RESULTSMARS therapy achieved a remarkable improvement in clinical symptoms and physic signs, accompanied with a significant decrease in serum bilirubin, ammonia, urea nitrogen, fragrant amino acid, endotoxin, IL-6, and TNF-alpha levels (0.05); at the 72 hours bilirubin rebounding analysis. MARS treatments resulted in a significant decrease of bilirubin rebounding level in comparison with what PE did (0.01 ), though the bilirubin removal efficiency between two groups was not statistically significant. The overall survival rate of MARS therapy was 50% (26/52), which was better than that of standard medical therapy (40.5%, 17/42, P less than 0.05).

CONCLUSIONThe results indicated that MARS was a safe and promising technology in the field of liver support therapy. It might be associated with considerable improved survival rate for liver failure patients.

Adult ; Female ; Hepatitis B ; complications ; Humans ; Liver Failure ; blood ; mortality ; therapy ; Male ; Renal Dialysis ; Sorption Detoxification ; Survival Rate