In this article, based on the analysis on the regional information system's development background and its applications, the construction of the regional medical information system through creating the electronic medical record and the medicine image data centers is proposed, for information resource sharing. And then, the system's software construction and various subsystems functions are mainly introduced. Standardization and the middleware platform are suggested as the effective way of constructing these two data centers in the present situation in our country.
Computer Security ; Computer Systems ; Hospital Information Systems ; Humans ; Medical Records Systems, Computerized ; Radiology Information Systems ; Software

OBJECTIVE: To determine the effect of integrin-linked kinase(ILK) in renal tubular epithelial cells and its relation to tubular epithelial-myofibroblast transdifferentiation. METHODS: Wistar rats were randomly divided into 3 groups, Group normal control (n=10), Group diabetic without therapy(n=10) and Group diabetic with Losartan 20mg/(kg . d)(n=10). Five rats were killed in each group at the 8th and 16th week. The left kidneys were kept for HE and Masson staining to observe the pathological variations in the renal interstitium. ILK, alpha-SMA and Vimentin in renal tubular epithelial cells were detected by immunohistochemistry analysis. RESULTS: Compared with the control group, ILK, alpha-SMA and Vimentin in renal tubular epithelial cells in Group diabetes gradually increased in immunohistochemistry (P<0.01); ILK was consistent with the pathological variation of renal interstitium and was positively correlated to alpha-SMA(rs=0.621, P<0.05). In comparison with the Group diabetes, the expression of ILK, alpha-SMA and Vimentin in renal tubular epithelial cells was apparently declined (P<0.01) in Group diabetes with Losartan. CONCLUSION Tubular epithelial myofibroblast transdifferentiation and the over-expression of ILK, between which there may be significant connections, are important events in the progression of diabetic nephropathy. Losartan, a blocker of angiotension II type I receptor, which may down-regulate the expression of ILK in diabetic renal tubular epithelial cells, can restrain the procession of epithelial-myofibroblast transdifferentiation.
Actins ; biosynthesis ; Animals ; Cell Transdifferentiation ; Diabetes Mellitus, Experimental ; drug therapy ; physiopathology ; Diabetic Nephropathies ; drug therapy ; physiopathology ; Epithelial Cells ; drug effects ; enzymology ; pathology ; Fibroblasts ; drug effects ; enzymology ; pathology ; Immunohistochemistry ; Kidney Tubules ; pathology ; Losartan ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Male ; Protein-Serine-Threonine Kinases ; biosynthesis ; Random Allocation ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Vimentin ; biosynthesis

China ; Cost of Illness ; Demography ; Female ; Humans ; Maternal Mortality ; Poverty Areas

Schizophrenia is one of the common mental diseases. Because the mechanism of the schizophrenia is significantly complicated, the cause is still unknown. N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor antagonist can simulate the positive and negative symptoms, as well as the cognitive disorder of schizophrenia. Thus it has been widely used to establish the animal models of schizophrenia. The relationship of the three blocking agents of ion channels (phencyclidine, MK-801, ketamine) and the establishment of schizophrenia animal models is reviewed in this article.
Animals ; Behavior, Animal/drug effects* ; Brain/physiopathology* ; Consciousness Disorders/physiopathology* ; Disease Models, Animal ; Dizocilpine Maleate/pharmacology* ; Excitatory Amino Acid Antagonists/pharmacology* ; Humans ; Ketamine/pharmacology* ; Mice ; Phencyclidine/pharmacology* ; Rats ; Receptors, N-Methyl-D-Aspartate/antagonists & inhibitors* ; Schizophrenia/physiopathology*

OBJECTIVETo analyze the epidemiologic characteristics of severe acute respiratory syndrome (SARS) and to evaluate the effectiveness on its major control measures in Tianjn.

METHODSAdopting two case reports 1 and 2, designed by the Tianjin Centers for Disease Control and Prevention to develop a unified case-tracing table including the map of the distribution of close contacts to SARS patients. With those methods, investigation on patients and their close contacts at hospital wards, families, communities and institutions of the patients were carried out.

RESULTSFrom April 13 through May 8, 2003, there were 175 SARS cases including imported ones, were identified with an incidence rate of 1.9 cases per 100,000. Among them, 14 died with a fatality of 8.0%. The whole process of epidemic in Tianjin was less than one month with the following features: (1) 93.7% of the total SARS cases in Tianjin were directly or indirectly transmitted by a super-spreader. (2) 68.6% of the total SARS patients were concentrated in 3 hospitals A, B and C which was menifastated in 'clustering'. Through study on the rest of the SARS patients, results showed that 16.8% of them were transmitted through family close contact and 2.3% due to contact to colleagues. However, 12.6% of the patients were not able to show evidence that they had any contact to a diagnosed SARS patient. At the early stage of the epidemic, a number of medical practitioners were infected, taking up 38.2% of the total SARS cases. Among the total number of 1 975 medical workers who participated in the SARS medical cares and treatments, 3.4% of them got infected. During the outbreak, all index cases and chains of transmission seemed to be clear, with only 3 patients not able to be traced for the source of infection, taking up 2% of the total SARS patients in Tianjin. Among the 10 index cases, only the super spreader and another one index case transmitted the virus to their contacts but the rest of index cases did not cause any secondary infection.

CONCLUSIONThough SARS is clinically severe and can be spreaded quickly, the epidemic can be under control within a short period of time if chains of SARS transmission are broken down and effective measures as isolation and quarantine against patients as well as underscoring awareness among the publics in a scientific way, being carried out.

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; China ; epidemiology ; Contact Tracing ; Cross Infection ; transmission ; Disease Outbreaks ; Family Health ; Female ; Humans ; Incidence ; Infectious Disease Transmission, Patient-to-Professional ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ; epidemiology ; mortality ; transmission ; Surveys and Questionnaires

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the effects of prevention and control strategies on hepatitis A.

METHODSSurveillance data on hepatitis A from 1990 to 2006 in Tianjin was analyzed, and the coverage rate of hepatitis A vaccine among targeted population was estimated, to compare the anti-HAV IgG level of children younger than 15 years old in 1999 and in 2005.

RESULTSResults showed that a) the morbidity of hepatitis A decreased from 25.26/10(5) in 1990 to 0.82/10(5) in 2006; b) the ratio of hepatitis A in viral hepatitis decreased from 30.43% in 1990 to 1.05% in 2006; c) the estimated coverage rate was 72.7%; d) the positive rate of anti-HAV among children younger than 15 years old in 2005 was distinctly higher than that in 1999.

CONCLUSIONPositive results showed that it was successful to use hepatitis A vaccine as the strategy to prevent and control hepatitis A in the past five years in Tianjin.

Adolescent ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; China ; epidemiology ; Hepatitis A ; epidemiology ; prevention & control ; Hepatitis A Vaccines ; administration & dosage ; Hepatitis Antibodies ; blood ; Humans ; Immunization Programs ; Incidence ; Infant ; Population Surveillance

OBJECTIVETo investigate the role of monocarboxylate transporter 1 (MCT1) in enhancing the sensitivity of breast cancer cells to 3-bromopyruvate (3-BrPA).

METHODSThe inhibitory effect of 3-BrPA on the proliferation of breast cancer cells was assessed with MTT assay, and brominated propidium bromide single staining flow cytometry was used for detecting the cell apoptosis. An ELISA kit was used to detect the intracellular levels of hexokinase II, lactate dehydrogenase, lactate, and adenosine triphosphate, and Western blotting was performed to detect the expression of MCT1. MDA-MB-231 cells were transiently transfected with MCT1 cDNA for over-expressing MCT1, and the effect of 3-BrPA on the cell proliferation and adenosine triphosphate level was deteced.

RESULTS3-BrPA did not produce significant effects on the proliferation and apoptosis of MDA-MB-231 cells, and the cells treated with 200 µmol/L 3-BrPA for 24 h showed an inhibition rate and an apoptosis rate of only 8.72% and 7.8%, respectively. The same treatment, however, produced an inhibition rate and an apoptosis rate of 84.6% and 82.3% in MCF-7 cells, respectively. In MDA-MB-231 cells with MCT1 overexpression, 200 µmol/L 3-BrPA resulted in an inhibition rate of 72.44%, significantly higher than that in the control cells (P<0.05); treatment of the cells with 25, 50, 100, and 200 µmol/L 3-BrPA for 6 h resulted in intracellular adenosine triphosphate levels of 96.98%, 88.44%, 43.3% and 27.56% relative to the control level respectively.

CONCLUSIONMCT1 can enhance the sensitivity of breast cancer cells to 3-BrPA possibly by transporting 3-BrPA into cells to inhibit cell glycolysis.

Type 2 diabetes is a major global health problem. It is generally accepted that type 2 diabetes is the result of gene-environmental interaction. However, the mechanism underlying the interaction is unclear. Diet change is known to play an important role in type 2 diabetes. The fact that the global high prevalence of type 2 diabetes has occurred following the spread of food fortification worldwide suggests a possible involvement of excess niacin intake. Our recent study found that nicotinamide overload and low nicotinamide detoxification may induce oxidative stress associated with insulin resistance. Based on the relevant facts, this review briefly summarized the relationship between the prevalence of type 2 diabetes and the nicotinamide metabolism changes induced by excess niacin intake, aldehyde oxidase inhibitors, liver diseases and functional defects of skin. We speculate that the gene-environmental interaction in type 2 diabetes may be a reflection of the outcome of the association of chronic nicotinamide overload-induced toxicity and the relatively low detoxification/excretion capacity of the body. Reducing the content of niacin in foods may be a promising strategy for the control of type 2 diabetes.
Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 ; epidemiology ; etiology ; Diet ; Food, Fortified ; adverse effects ; Humans ; Niacin ; administration & dosage ; adverse effects ; Niacinamide ; administration & dosage ; adverse effects

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the specificity, sensitivity and their clinical significance of detecting CK19 mRNA expression by nested RT-PCR for molecular diagnosis of micrometastasis in the peripheral blood and bone marrow of patients with non-small cell lung cancer.

METHODSCK19 mRNA expression was detected by nested RT-PCR in peripheral blood and bone marrow samples from 59 lung cancer patients, with samples of 11 benign pulmonary lesion patients and 20 healthy adults as control.

RESULTSThe sensitivity of nested RT-PCR was 10(-6). The positive rates of micrometastasis were 33.89% (20/59) in peripheral blood and 22.03% (13/59) in bone marrow, with a highly positive correlation existing between the two groups (P < 0.05). The micrometastasis in peripheral blood and bone marrow was closely correlated with the pathological classification and cell differentiation (P < 0.05) and P-TNM stage (P < 0.01). No CK19 mRNA expression was found in the samples from patients with benign pulmonary lesion or healthy adult volunteers.

CONCLUSIONThe peripheral blood and bone marrow from patients with non-small cell lung cancer possesses micrometastasis that can not be detected by common methods. Nested RT-PCR technique shows favorable specificity and sensitivity in detecting the condition with definite clinical prospects.

Adult ; Aged ; Biomarkers, Tumor ; analysis ; Bone Marrow ; Carcinoma, Non-Small-Cell Lung ; secondary ; Female ; Humans ; Lung Neoplasms ; pathology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Neoplasm Metastasis ; Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction ; methods ; Sensitivity and Specificity

OBJECTIVETo explore the effect of apigenin on semen parameters in male mice.

METHODSTotally 100 healthy male mice of Kunming strain were randomly divided into 5 groups according to the body weight: negative control, solvent control, low-dose apigenin, median-dose apigenin and high-dose apigenin, the latter three groups given intragastric apigenin at a fixed time every day for 7 and 14 days. At 35 days after the first medication, all the mice were killed and detected for the sperm motion parameters by computer aided sperm analysis (CASA).

RESULTSThere were no statistically significant differences in sperm motion parameters, density and motility between the negative control and the three apigenin groups after 7-day medication. At 14 days, the high-dose apigenin group showed remarkable decreases in average path velocity (VAP), straight line velocity (VSL), straightness (STR), wobbliness (WOB), the percentage of grade b sperm and sperm motility, and a significant increase in beat cross frequency (BCF) as compared with the negative control group (P < 0.05).

CONCLUSIONApigenin affects sperm motility in male mice to a certain extent.

Animals ; Apigenin ; pharmacology ; Male ; Mice ; Mice, Inbred Strains ; Semen ; drug effects ; Sperm Motility ; drug effects