Hepatitis B ; immunology ; prevention & control ; Hepatitis B Vaccines ; immunology ; Humans ; Immunization Schedule ; Vaccination ; Vaccines, Synthetic ; immunology

Glioma is an important cause of death in adults and children among the most common neural malignancies,with high morbidity and mortality in primary brain tumors.Despite advances in radiation and chemotherapy following surgical resection of the tumor,the median survival time of glioma remains poor.The effects of miR-21expression on tumor growth and invasion via regulating the pathways in human glioma cells,which regulate the expression of some small molecule.This review is mainly focused on the discovery of the correlation between microRNA-21 (miR-21) and glioma and the important role in the resistance of cancer cells to radiation and chemotherapeutic agents.

Objective To explore the differences of curative effect and short-term prognosis to severe traumatic brain injury patients with three different early postoperative nutritional supports.Methods A retrospective study was performed on 60 severe traumatic brain injury patients received in Neurosurgical Intensive Care Unit of Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital from July 2014 to July 2016.A total of 60 cases were randomly divided into the early enteral nutrition support therapy group,the early parenteral nutrition group,and the early compound nutrition group.The clinical indicators such as basic clinical characteristics before treatment,the nutrition data in two weeks,the length of stay in the Neurosurgical Intensive Care Unit,complications and GCS scores between the three groups were observed and analyzed.Results The indicators of early compound nutrition group were fasting blood-glucose (5.74 ± 0.64) mmol/L,prealbumin(203.80 ± 10.45) mg/L,total serum protein(61.99 ± 1.34) g/L,blood hemoglobin (114.53 ± 2.69) g/L,C-reactive protein(0.37 ± 0.06) mg/dl.The length of stay in Neurosurgical Intensive Care Unit was (11.6 ± 0.42) days in the compound nutrition group while those in the early enteral nutrition group was (13.20 ±0.42) days and those in the early parenteral nutrition group was(14.65 ± 0.42) days.The postoperative complications of the compound nutrition group were significantly lower than other two groups.The GCS scores of early compound nutrition group was(11.40 ± 1.60),which was the best in three groups.The differences were statistically significant (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions Early compound nutrition support has an exact curative effect on postoperative severe traumatic brain injury patients in Neurosurgical Intensive Care Unit.It can obviously improve the nutrition status of patients with less complications,shorter length of stay in Neurosurgical Intensive Care Unit,higher safety and lower degree of coma,worth clinical promotion.

Objective To investigate the value of bispectral index and intracranial pressure monitoring in evaluation of postoperative consciousness and short-term prognosis in patients with severe traumatic brain injury.Methods A simple random sampling method was used in 30 cases of brain trauma coma patients in the People's Hospital of Northern Jiangsu Province from January 2014 to December 2014.Glasgow coma scale (GCS) were evaluated at intervals of 8 hours,GCS were recorded for 3 days after surgery,The bispectral index value and intracranial pressure value are recorded at the same time.According to GCS,the patients were divided into two groups,group A (3≤GCS≤5) and group B(5 ＜ GCS≤8).The 21-days natural survival rate was counted.The Kaplan-Meier Method and Log-rank test were used to analyze the relationship between Bispectral index and intracranial pressure.Results The bispectral index value of group A was 45.3 ± 3.8,the intracranial pressure value of group A was (18.6 ± 2.8) mmHg,The bispectral index value of group B was 32.2 ± 8.2,the intracranial pressure value of group B was (33.4 ±4.6) mmHg.The 21-days survival rate of group A was 55％,and 21-days survival rate of group B was 30％.The Spearman rank correlation method was used to analyze the values.Bispectral index value was positively correlated with coma degree after operation in patients with severe traumatic brain injury,and was negatively correlated with intracranial pressure value (r =0.532,P ＜ 0.05;r =0.521,P ＜ 0.05).The more severer the patient's craniocerebral injury.,the more severer the condition,the higher the intracranial pressure,the lower the bispectral index value,the worse the prognosis is.Conclusion Combined monitoring of bispectral index and intracranial pressure has high application value in evaluating the coma degree and prognosis of patients with severe craniocerebral injury after operation.

Objective To find out the relation between element (non-iodized salt and iodized salt that below standard) and epidemic strength of iodine deficiency disorders and level of iodine, in order to find out the factors affecting the result of using iodized salt in controlling of this disorders. Methods Retrospective analyses was used in the study. Six counties were selected randomly from Zhangjiakou every year from 2000 to 2008, and these counties were randomly divided into non-iodized salt group (the ratio of non-iodized salt > 5%), iodized salt below standard group (the ratio of qualified iodized salt < 95%) and control group (the ratio of using qualified iodized salt > 95%). The indexes from different groups were compared as well as the ratio of large thyroid syndrome in children aged 8-10 years and the level of iodine in urine. Results The number of iodized salt monitored were 12 468 units from 2000 to 2008. We examined 5655 children's thyroid and collected 4404 urine samples. The median was 30.1 mg/kg for the average of iodized salt and 7.30% (232/3180) for ratio of non-iodized salt in noniodized salt group, while 30.9 mg/kg and 93.10%(3776/4056) in iodized salt below standard group, and 32.0 mg/kg and 99.27%(5194/5232) in control group. Compared the median of the three groups[5.31%(78/1468) ,4.84% (92/1902) ,2.06% (47/2285)], we observed significant difference (χ2 = 72.07, P < 0.05), especially the ratio of large thyroid in non-iodized salt group which was apparently higher than that of the control group (χ2 = 8.70, P < 0.017). However there was no significant difference between iodized salt below standard group and non-iodized salt group(χ2 = 6.83, P > 0.017) and control group(χ2 = 5.65, P > 0.017). The median of urinary iodine was 188.20 μg/L in non-iodized salt group, 219.62 μg/L in iodized salt below standard group and 262.39 μg/L in control group, indicated that the index in control group was higher than that of others. Conclusion Both of non-iodized salt and iodized salt below standard have effect on prevalence of child iodine deficiency disorders, especially the non-iodized salt.

Objective To analyze the monitoring results of urinary iodine of students aged 8 - 10 in Zhangjiakou city,problems in monitoring results,and to provide basic information for working out control strategies of iodine deficiency disorders.Methods A township(town,street) in each country of each city(district) in Zhangjiakou was selected according to 5 positions of the east,the west,the south,the north and center,and 1 village elementary school was sampled in each chosen township,twenty students(half male and female) aged 8 - 10 were selected to collect their urine samples in each school.Urinary iodine concentration was determined by arseniccerium method.Results The median of urinary iodine of the 1700 children aged 8 - 10 was 291.5 μg/L,with ＜ 50 μg/L accounted for 0.8％(13/1700),50 ～ 99 μg/L about 4.9％(83/1700),100 - 199 μg/L about 20.5％ (349/1700),200 - 299 μg/L about 29.7％(504/1700),and ≥300 μg/L about 44.9％(764/1700).Conclusions Urinary iodine has reached the elimination standard of iodine deficiency disorders in Zhangjiakou city.But the situation of more than adequate amount of urinary iodine and iodine excess is relatively serious and it is necessary to lower iodine concentration.

ObjectiveTo master iodized salt monitoring results in Zhangjiakou city Hebei province,search problems in these monitoring results,and provide a basis for the development of control measures to iodine deficiency disorders.MethodsBy 2010,in Zhangjiakou city,nine salt samples were collected to detect the iodine level in each processing,packing and wholesale enterprise according to their orientation of east,west,north,south and center positions.In each county(district) with nine townships(towns,street offices) and more,nine townships (towns,street offices) were selected according to their east,west,south,north and center positions,in each township (town,street office ) selected,four villages (neighborhoods) were selected,eight residents per household in each village (neighborhood) chosen were selected,and an edible salt was collected in each household to test iodine level; in a county(district) with nine or less townships(towns,street offices),five townships(towns,district offices) were selected according to their east,west,south,north and center positions,four villages (neighborhoods) were selected,and 15 residents per household in each village(neighborhood) were selected to test the iodine level in an edible salt samples;after population-weighted calculation,indicators of iodized salt monitoring were calculated.ResultsA batch quality pass rate of processing,packing and wholesale enterprise was 100％(192/192); the rate of weighted non-iodized salt in a household was 0.04％(2/4932),iodized salt coverage rate was 99.96％ (4930/4932),iodized salt passing rate was 99.55％ (4908/4930),and qualified iodized salt coverage rate was 99.51％ (4908/4932).ConclusionsMonitoring indicators of iodized salt in Zhangjiakou city have reached the standand to eliminate iodine deficiency disorders.However,there still have unqualified iodized salt and non-iodized salt,and the monitoring and iodized salt market management should be strengthened.

0.05).No teratoma was formed in the experimental group,while a large teratoma was observed in control group in 6 weeks post-transplantation.CONCLUSION:The ESC-derived hepatic stem cells are normally incorporated into mouse liver parenchymal structure,proliferate and differentiate further in vivo and possess some hepatic functions without forming teratomas.

BACKGROUND: In vitro differentiation of embryonic stem cells into hepatocytes has been successfully reported to a certain degree; however, whether embryonic stem cells are able to effectively enter hepatic plate of host after intrahepatic transplantation, whether embryonic stem cells can further differentiate into hepatocytes and express hepatocyte function, and risk factors for neoplastic formation are still unclear at present. OBJECTIVE: To study the intrahepatic transplantation of embryonic stem cells-derived hepatic stem cells in therapeutic liver repopulation models, and to investigate the liver tissue replacement, growth and differentiation in vivo, and neoplastic formation.DESIGN: Randomized controlled animal study.SETTING: Department of Pediatric Surgery, the Second Hospital affiliated to Sun Yat-sen University. MATERIALS: Twenty-four BALB/c mice, 6-8 weeks old, weighing 20-35 g, irrespective of gender, were provided by Guangzhou Experimental Animal Center. Embryonic stem cells-derived hepatic stem cells were differentiated from embryonic stem cells. E14 was provided by Stem cell Center of our hospital. METHODS: This study was performed at the Stem Cell Center, the Second Hospital affiliated to Sun Yat-sen University from July 2006 to June 2007. Twenty-four mice were randomly divided into a liver repopulation model + stem cell transplantation group (group A) and a liver resection + stem cell transplantation group (group B), with 12 mice in each group. Mice in the group A were intraperitoneally injected with 50 mg/kg retrorsine once every two weeks for totally twice. Four weeks after the second injection, about 70% liver was resected. And then, the embryonic stem cells-derived hepatic stem cells, labeled by 1×105 carboxy fluoresce in diacetate succinimidyl ester (CFDA-SE), were transplanted into mouse liver through portal vein. On the other hand, 70% liver of mice in the group B was resected and embryonic stem cells-derived hepatic stem cells were transplanted into mouse liver. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The distribution, incorporation, and proliferation of transplanted cells were observed under fluorescent microscopy. Two weeks later, hepatic function was stained with albumin fluorescence immunoassay (double fluorescence staining) and assayed by level of serum albumin. Embryonic stem cells-derived hepatic stem cells were poured into liver of remedial liver regeneration mice, and undifferentiated embryonic stem cells were transplanted into subcutaneous tissue in axillary region as the controls to observe neoplastic formation in embryonic stem cells-derived hepatic stem cells. RESULTS: ① Growth of hepatic stem cells in recipient mice: One week after transplantation of CFDA-SE-labeled embryonic stem cells-derived hepatic stem cells, some scattered region was green under fluorescent microscopy. The area of green region increased apparently in 2 weeks, and cord-like structure could be observed. ② Liver function: Immunofluorescent staining of albumin (double fluorescence staining) demonstrated that labeled cells expressed positive albumin (yellow fluorescence) in liver tissue of recipient mice, but there was not significant difference in serum albumin level between group A and group B (P > 0.05). ③ Reliability of hepatic stem cell transplantation: Teratoma did not form over 6 months; however, transplantation of undifferentiated embryonic stem cells in the axillary region could cause formation of teratoma after 6 weeks. CONCLUSION: The transplantation of embryonic stem cells-derived hepatic stem cells in therapeutic liver repopulation model mice can effectively and further grow and differentiate, or even partially express hepatocyte function; in particular, the transplantation is safe.

Objective To analyze comprehensively the monitoring data of iodized salt in Zhangjiakou city during 2001 to 2009, and to provide basic information for working out control strategies of the iodine deficiency disorders. Methods According to the iodized salt monitoring requirements in National Iodine Deficiency Disorders Monitoring Program of Ministry of Health, a batch of nine salt samples were taken from each processing (wholesale)company of each county or district of the seventeen counties(districts) of Zhangjiakou once a month. Two townships (towns, street offices) were selected by their location of east, south, west and north in each county(district), and a township in central area each year. Four villages(neighborhoods) were selected in each township(town, street office),and eight household salt samples were collected in each village(neighborhood), and quantitatively determined by direct titration of iodine. Results Iodized salt processing(wholesale) : during 2001 to 2009, a total of 1728 batches was monitored, 1689 batch qualified, batch qualification rate 97.74%;15552 salt samples were tested, 15 357 qualified, iodized salt qualification rate 98.75 %. Household salt levels : 5297 villages (neighborhoods) of 1305 townships(towns, street offices) were monitored, 44 316 salt samples were collected, 43 274 qualified, iodized salt qualification rate 98.04%(43 274/44 141 ), iodized salt coverage rate 99.61%(44 141/44 316), qualified iodized salt consumption rate 97.65%(43 274/44 316). Rate of non-iodized salt was 0.40%(260/44 316), and salt median iodine was 30.02 mg/kg. Conclusions The iodized salt quality indicators are within the state-controlled range in Zhangjiakou city for nine years which remaines at relatively stable levels with a smaller range of annual fluctuations.Detection of non-iodized salt over the years has become the main factors affecting the effectiveness of the prevention and control measures.We should increase monitoring,supervision,and universal health education,and prevent the spread of non-iodized salt.