Adolescent ; Adult ; Antibodies, Viral ; blood ; Female ; Hemagglutination Tests ; Humans ; Influenza A virus ; immunology ; Influenza B virus ; immunology ; Influenza Vaccines ; classification ; immunology ; Influenza, Human ; immunology ; prevention & control ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Safety

OBJECTIVETo evaluate whether garlicin can prevent reperfusion no-reflow in a catheter-based porcine model of acute myocardial infarction (AMI).

METHODSTwenty-two male Chinese mini swines were randomized into 3 groups: sham-operation group (n=6), control group (n=8), and garlicin group (n=8). The distal part of left anterior descending coronary artery (LAD) in swines of the latter two groups was completely occluded by dilated balloon for 2 h and a successful AMI model was confirmed by coronary angiography (CAG) and electrocardiograph (ECG), which was then reperfused for 3 h. In the sham-operation group, balloon was placed in LAD without dilatation. Garlicin at a dosage of 1.88 mg/kg was injected 10 min before LAD occlusion until reperfusion for 1 h in the garlicin group. To assess serial cardiac function, hemodynamic data were examined by catheter method before AMI, 2 h after occlusion and 1, 2, and 3 h after reperfusion. Myocardial contrast echocardiography (MCE) and double staining with Evans blue and thioflavin-S were performed to evaluate myocardial no-reflow area (NRA) and risk area (RA).

RESULTSLeft ventricular systolic pressure and left ventricular end-diastolic pressure significantly improved in the garlicin group after reperfusion compared with the control group P<0.05) and 2 h after AMI (P<0.05). MCE showed garlicin decreased reperfusion NRA after AMI compared with the control group (P <0.05). In double staining, NRA/RA in the garlicin group was 18.78%, significantly lower than that of the control group (49.84%, P<0.01).

CONCLUSIONSGarlicin has a preventive effect on the porcine model of myocardial infarction reperfusion no-reflow by improving hemodynamics and decreasing NRA.

Allyl Compounds ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Animals ; Cardiotonic Agents ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Contrast Media ; Disease Models, Animal ; Disulfides ; pharmacology ; therapeutic use ; Hemodynamics ; drug effects ; Male ; Myocardial Infarction ; complications ; diagnostic imaging ; drug therapy ; pathology ; Myocardial Reperfusion ; No-Reflow Phenomenon ; complications ; diagnostic imaging ; drug therapy ; pathology ; Swine ; Swine, Miniature ; Thiazoles ; metabolism ; Ultrasonography

Authors raised that staging based strategies and practice of integrative medicine (IM) by combining syndrome typing and disease identification, and choosing suitable measures in accordance with different persons and seasonal conditions after more than ten years' clinical practice and researches. Radical operation as prior (as evil eliminating) and strengthening vital qi in perioerative period are best strategy for promoting rapid rehabilitation of early stage prostate cancer patients. Strengthening body resistance to eliminate evil was used in treating advanced prostate cancer patients. For example, a comprehensive treatment program for hormone-dependent patients was combined with endocrinotherapy and Chinese herbs for synergisic efficacy-enhancing actions. In this way, these patients' quality of life (QOL) were improved and time to castration resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) was delayed, even some patients were clinically cured. There are lack of effective medicines and methods for CRPC patients. Greatly tonifying original qi is mainly used for improving their clinical symptoms and prolonging survivals. Practice has proved staging based strategies and practice of IM has favorable advantages in treating prostate cancer, especially showing prospect in prolonging survival and postponing progression of advanced prostate cancer patients. Besides, it also could provide beneficial considerations and inspiration for combination of syndrome typing and disease identification.
Disease Progression ; Humans ; Male ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Neoplasm Staging ; Prostatic Neoplasms, Castration-Resistant ; diagnosis ; Quality of Life

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the efficacy of hepatitis B viruse (HBV) vaccination and its influencing factors among children in rural area of Jiangsu province.

METHODSTwenty-five hundred and twenty-two children born after 1998 in rural area were selected as the study population using multistage cluster sampling method. HBsAg and anti-HBs were detected by enzyme linked immunoassay (ELISA) and radio-immunoassay (RIA), respectively. Anti-HBs negative children were boosted using different hepatitis B vaccines and the efficacy was compared. Factors causing HBV infection in HBsAg positive children were also investigated.

RESULTSHBsAg positive rates in 1-7 year olds were 0.28%-1.28%, and the anti-HBs positive rates decreased from 76.7% to 45.5%. The HBsAg positive rate in children not timely vaccinated was significantly higher than those with HBV vaccine injection within 24 hours after birth (1.4% vs. 0.5%, P = 0.031). More than 90% of the anti-HBs negative children had protective level of anti-HBs after boosted with HBV vaccine.

CONCLUSIONHBsAg positive rate in children born after 1998 in rural area of Jiangsu province decreased significantly, with an average of 0.8%. The reason for HBsAg carriage in children might be attributed to mother-to-infant transmission or not timely HBV vaccination.

Adult ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; China ; epidemiology ; Female ; Hepatitis B ; epidemiology ; immunology ; prevention & control ; transmission ; Hepatitis B Surface Antigens ; blood ; Hepatitis B Vaccines ; administration & dosage ; immunology ; Humans ; Infant ; Infectious Disease Transmission, Vertical ; Pregnancy ; Rural Population

OBJECTIVETo explore the effect of the improved plastic and reconstruction of the anus in situ.

METHODSImproved plastic and reconstruction of anus in situ was performed in 38 cases of low rectal cancers operated while Miles radical operation. Improvement includes: (1) The internal sphincter was rebuilt with 4 layers of muscle layer of the endmost of colon. (2) The last of gracilis was divided into 2 parts to reconstruct the superficial part and deep part of external sphincter muscle. (3) The rectum cape improvement is to firmly stitch the levator ani outside the external sphincter muscle in front of the colon. (4) The rectum valve is improved into three artificial rectum valves.

RESULTSThe form and function and their long term survival rate were good, the rate of superior anus function was 94.73%.

CONCLUSIONIt mains the results of improved plastic and reconstruction of anus in situ is near that of normal persons.

Adult ; Aged ; Anal Canal ; surgery ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Reconstructive Surgical Procedures ; methods ; Rectum ; surgery

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the kinesis of cellular immunity in adults who were vaccinated with yeast recombinant hepatitis B(rHB) vaccine and the correlation between cellular and humoral immune responses induced by the vaccine.

METHODSEight adults were vaccinated with rHB vaccine according to 0, 1,2 month schedule. The peripheral blood mononuclear cells(PBMCs) were collected at the 3, 8, 21, 34 and 65 days after the first dose. The high purity of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells obtained by sorting from PBMCs were restimulated with recombinant hepatitis B surface antigens (rHBsAg) or peptides. The spot forming cell (SFC) of IFN-gamma, IL-2 and IL-4 of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells were detected by enzyme-linked immunospot (ELISPOT).

RESULTSThe characteristics of IFN-gamma, IL-2 and IL-4 of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells appeared different after immunization with rHB vaccine. IFN-gamma of CD8+ and CD4+ T cells could be detected early with stable SFC, while the IL-2 and IL-4 of CD4+ T cells appeared late but increased after the second and third dose of vaccination. The positive rate of IL-4 of CD4+ T cells were significantly correlated with the positive rate of anti-HBs, while the SFCs of IL-4 and IL-2 of CD4+ T cells were also significantly related to the titers of anti-FIBs.

CONCLUSIONIFN-gamma could be detected early after rHB vaccination in adults, and the positive rates of IL-4 and IL-2 were correlated with that of anti-HBs.

Adult ; CD4-Positive T-Lymphocytes ; CD8-Positive T-Lymphocytes ; Hepatitis B Vaccines ; administration & dosage ; immunology ; Humans ; Immunization Schedule ; Interferon-gamma ; blood ; Interleukin-2 ; blood ; Interleukin-4 ; blood ; Vaccines, Synthetic ; immunology

OBJECTIVETo investigate the effect of Panax notoginseng saponins (PNS) on the expressions of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-13 and its tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase (TIMP)-1 in carbon tetrachloride (CCl4)-induced hepatic fibrosis rats, and explore the possible mechanism of PNS's effect against hepatic fibrosis.

METHODThe rats were randomly divided into 6 groups: the normal group, the model group, PNS (50, 100, 200 mg x kg(-1)) treatment groups and the Col (0.1 mg x kg(-1)) group. Apart from the normal group, all of the remaining groups were subcutaneously injected with CCl4 twice a week for 18 weeks, in order to establish the hepatic fibrosis rat model. Since the 9th weeks, each treatment group was orally administered with corresponding drugs, and the normal group and the model group were orally administered with equal volume of normal saline for 10 weeks. After the end of the experiment, liver and spleen indexes were calculated; the levels of serum ALT and AST were measured by chromatometry. Liver tissues were collected to detect the pathological alteration HE staining; protein expressions of MMP-13 and TIMP-1 were determined with immuninochemistry. Moreover, MMP-13 and TIMP-1 mRNA expressions was detected by RT-PCR technology.

RESULTCompared with the model group, PNS (100, 200 mg x kg(-1)) significantly mitigated hepatic fibrosis in rats, reduced liver and spleen indexes, ALT and AST contents in serum, and TIMP-1 expression, and notably increased MMP-13 expression in rats with hepatic fibrosis.

CONCLUSIONP. notoginseng saponins have certain protective effect in rats with hepatic fibrosis. Its mechanism is related to up-regulating MMP-3, inhibiting TIMP-1 expression and improving collagen degradation.

Alanine Transaminase ; blood ; Animals ; Aspartate Aminotransferases ; blood ; Gene Expression Regulation ; drug effects ; Liver Cirrhosis, Experimental ; drug therapy ; metabolism ; Male ; Matrix Metalloproteinase 13 ; genetics ; metabolism ; Panax notoginseng ; chemistry ; RNA, Messenger ; genetics ; Rats ; Saponins ; administration & dosage ; pharmacology ; Tissue Inhibitor of Metalloproteinase-1 ; genetics ; metabolism

Objective To understand the distribution and characteristics of historical Oncomelania hupensis snail environ-ments in Baoshan District,Shanghai City,so as to provide the reference for adjusting and formulating the monitoring program of the snail situation in the future.Methods A retrospective survey and a field survey were conducted to collect the information of historical O.hupensis snail environments and set up the database.The distribution and characteristics of them were analyzed.Re-sults There were 53 historical O.hupensis snail environments which distributed in three towns,and the accumulative area was 1 635 530 m2in Baoshan District,Shanghai City.Class Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ and Ⅳ accounted for 73.58％,5.66％,16.98％and 3.77％re-spectively.The complete transformation(Class Ⅰ and Class Ⅱ)was done in 42 places which covered the area of 1 622 043 m2,in which Class Ⅰ environments and Class Ⅱ environments accounted for 79.25％and 99.18％of the total,respectively.Conclu-sions There has been a great change in the historical O.hupensis snail environments in Baoshan District,Shanghai City.The information of the field investigation should be enriched and updated at different times to guide the investigation of O.hupensis snails in the future.

The effects of human insulin 70/30 and insulin lispro 75/25 were compared in improving postprandial blood glucose excursions in 106 patients with type 1 or 2 diabetes in a one-month,open-labelled,self- controlled trial .The results showed that treatment of diabetic patients with insulin lispro 75/25 significantly improved 2 h postprandial blood glucose excursion compared to pre-study with human insulin 70/30 (baseline) without any significant adverse events or sustained hypoglycemic episodes.These physiological benefits were associated with a patient preference for insulin lispro 75/25.

Objective To study the analytical sensitivity on 31 HBsAg enzyme immunoassy (EIA) test kits.Methotis Thirty one HBsAg EIA kits produced by domestic or overseas manufactories and applied for approval during May 2007 to May 2008,were evaluated using the national reference panels.The hyperbolic curve of the log A value and log concentration for the national sensitivity standards was established.The cut-off value of each kit was substituted into the curvilinear equation to determine the analytical sensitivity which was compared between different HBsAg EIA kits.Results Twenty seven(351 lots) domestic and 4(27 lots) overseas kits were compared.Among 378 lots of the 31 HBsAg EIA kits,only 2 lots of the domestic kits had a lower sensitivity when tested with the national HBsAg reference panels,with an average approvalr ate of 99.43%(349/351).The mean analytical sensitivity of the domestic kits for adr,adw,ay serotypes were 0.307,0.419,0.513 ng/ml,respectively.There was a significant difierence between serotypes (F=97.30,P<0.01).The mean analytical sensitivity of the overseas kits for adr,adw,ay serotypes were 0.054,0.066,0.050 ng/ml respectively,with no significant difference between serotypes(F=0.65,P>0.05).The analytical sensitivity of the overseas kits for all the three serotypes was higher than that of the domestic kits(P<0.01).There was no significant difference found between the analytical sensitivities of the kits produced by the same manufactory using 30- or 60- minute incubation of detection(P>0.05).In contrast,there was significant diffefence noticed between the analytical sensitivities of the kits produced by the same manufactory when tested for 10 or 15- minute coloration of the results(P<0.01).Conclusion Analytical sensitivity of the HBsAg EIA domestic kits should be further improved,especiatry for detecting adw and ay serotypes.