Objective: To observe the efficacy of Astragalus-Polygonum Anti-Fibrosis decoction (APAFD)and Jinshuibao capsule (JSBC) in treating liver fibrosis of chronic hepatitis B. Methods: Ninety-two cases of liver fibrosis of chronic hepatitis B were randomly divided into group A and group B. Patients in group A received APAFD for 48 weeks, and in group B, they received JSBC for 48 weeks. The effects on the level change of hyaluronic acid (HA), laminin (LN), pro-collagen Ⅲ (PCⅢ) and collagen Ⅳ (CⅣ) as well as liver functional tests and liver biochemical parameters before and after treatment were observed.Results: Level of serum HA, LN, PCⅢ and CⅣ in group A declined more obviously than that of group B, the difference was significant (P<0.01). The liver functional tests such as total bilirubin (TB), alanine aminotransferase (ALT), albumin/globulin (A/G) ratio, hepatitis related serum biochemical parameters such as cholylglycine (CG), serum ferritin (SF), prealbumin (PC) of group A were all improved more significantly than that of group B (P<0.01).Conclusion: APAFD is more effective than JSBC in treating liver fibrosis of chronic hepatitis B and in the inhibition of hepatic inflammation, hence it is a good composite Chinese herbal preparation against liver fibrosis.

Background and Objective: Chemotherapy regimen containing anthracyclines has been used as the standard treatment for acute myeloid leukemia (AML). This study was to compare the efficacy and toxicity of the chemotherapy regimen containing perarubicin (THP) with that containing mitoxantrone (MIT) for young patients with newly diagnosed AML. Methods: A total of 129 patients with newly diagnosed AML, aged 16 to 60 years olds, were assigned for induction chemotherapy containing one to two courses with standard-dose cytarabine (Ara-C) and an anthracycline antibiotic, THP or MIT. When complete remission was achieved after induction therapy, the patients received two courses of consolidation therapy identical to the induction regimen. From then, the patients were alternately given four courses of consolidation therapy consisting of Ara-C/I-HP or Ara-C/MIT every three weeks. Maintenance treatment continued for three years when patients were in continuous complete remission (CCR). Results: Twenty-six out of 42 patients (61.90%) receiving THP therapy, and 48 out of 73 patients (65.75%) treated by MIT achieved CR (P>0.05). Nine (34.61%) and 11 (22.92%) out of CR patients treated by THP and MIT, respectively, relapsed within one year (P= 0.28). Moreover, the incidences of toxicities, such as infection, nausea/ vomiting and cardiac events, were similar in these two groups (P>0.05) except for alopecie, which was 26.19% in the THP group compared to 42.47% in the MIT group (P<0.01). Conclusions: Regimen containing THP plus Ara-C can be used for young adults with newly diagnosed AML for remission induction, but it is not superior to the regimen with MIT. Consolidation chemotherapy with THP or MIT is feasible for young adults with AML after CR.

In recent years, nucleic acid therapy, as a revolutionary therapeutic tool, has shown great potential in the treatment of genetic diseases, infectious diseases and cancer. Lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) are currently the most advanced mRNA delivery carriers, and their emergence is an important reason for the rapid approval and use of COVID-19 mRNA vaccines and the development of mRNA therapy. Currently, mRNA therapeutics using LNP as a carrier have been widely used in protein replacement therapy, vaccines and gene editing. Conventional LNP is composed of four components: ionizable lipids, phospholipids, cholesterol, and polyethylene glycol (PEG) lipids, which can effectively load mRNA to improve the stability of mRNA and promote the delivery of mRNA to the cytoplasm. However, in the face of the complexity and diversity of clinical diseases, the structure, properties and functions of existing LNPs are too homogeneous, and the lack of targeted delivery capability may result in the risk of off-targeting. LNPs are flexibly designed and structurally stable vectors, and the adjustment of the types or proportions of their components can give them additional functions without affecting the ability of LNPs to deliver mRNAs. For example, by replacing and optimizing the basic components of LNP, introducing a fifth component, and modifying its surface, LNP can be made to have more precise targeting ability to reduce the side effects caused by treatment, or be given additional functions to synergistically enhance the efficacy of mRNA therapy to respond to the clinical demand for nucleic acid therapy. It is also possible to further improve the efficiency of LNP delivery of mRNA through machine learning-assisted LNP iteration. This review can provide a reference method for the rational design of engineered lipid nanoparticles delivering mRNA to treat diseases.