Objective　To investigate the IL-6 signal transduction pathways and their regulation mechanism in a human myeloma cell line-U266. Methods　Electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) was used to detect the activation of the transcription factors (TFs)-STAT3 and NF-IL-6 by IL-6. Cells were treated with chemical agents or transfected with the expression plasmids for the two TFs or the anti-sense oligonucleotide for protein kinase involved in one IL-6 signal transduction pathway. The change of the activation state of another IL-6 signal transduction pathway was also exhibited by EMSA. Results　Two IL-6 signal transduction pathways (JAK/STAT and Ras/NF-IL-6) can be activated by IL-6 of different dose in U266 cells. When one of the two signal transduction pathways was up-regulated, the other one was down-regulated. Conclusion　There is an antagonistic effect between the activation of two IL-6 signal transduction pathways in U266 cells.

Objective: To investigate which step of IL-6 signal transduction pathways in myeloma cells can be taken as the acting target of the antagonists for IL-6. Methods: EMSA and immunoprecipitation were used to detect the activation of transcription factors(TFs)-STAT3, NF-IL-6 and protein kinase ERK in a myeloma cell line-Sko-007 by IL-6. then anti-sense expression plasmids and anti-sense ODN for these signal moleculars were constructed and designed,the effects of these anti-sense nucleic acids on IL-6 signal transduction in Sko-007 cells were analyzed by the same methods. Results: IL-6 signal transduction could be antagonized by these anti-sense nucleic acids at different extent.Conclusion: TFs or protein kinases in IL-6 signal trareduction pathways can be taken as the target for antagonists design.

Angioplasty, Balloon, Coronary ; psychology ; rehabilitation ; Coronary Disease ; psychology ; rehabilitation ; surgery ; Humans ; Postoperative Period

Objective To confirm whether community management of hypertension could improve blood pressure control in Chongqing.Methods Cluster sampling method was used to select 5283 adults from 20 community healthcare centers in Chongqing.Matched t test was used to analyze the changes of blood pressure before and after the intervention.x2 test analysis was performed to compare the rate of normal blood pressure.Results The average age of 5283 participants was (60.5 ± 11.0) years old.Systolic blood pressure (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) were significantly decreased after intervention (total population:t values were 16.98 and 13.80,respectively; male:t values were 12.58 and 10.66,respectively; female:t values were 11.60 and 9.10,respectively; all P ＜ 0.05).The most significant decrease in SBP was found in 50-59 y age group (t =15.29,P ＜0.05),followed by 40-49 y age group (t =9.22,P ＜0.05).The control rate of hypertension was increased by 5.3％ after 1 year's intervention (x2 =134.5,P＜0.05),except for 60-69 y age group and ≥70 y age group (x2 values were 2.5 and 1.7,respectively ; both P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion Our results show that standardized management of hypertension in communities can decrease the level of blood pressure and increase the control rate of hypertension.

Objective To explore cost of standard operation procedure of primary public healthcare services.Methods Standard operation procedure of primary public healthcare services was put forward according to national basic public healthcare service standards (2011 edition) in 2012.Random sampling method was used to choose participants from two community sanitary service centers,two township heahhcare centers and one maternity and child heahhcare hospital.Service standard operation procedure was used to measure human cost and supportive cost of public healthcare services.Results Management of 10 thousand patients who had different diseases needed various numbers of medical staff (MS),such as health profile needed 3.4 MS,hypertension management needed 10.8 MS,diabetes management needed 10.6 MS,elderly people care needed 9.2 MS,child care needed 4.6 MS,maternal care needed 24.3 MS,psychosis management needed 13.3 MS,and planned immunity for children needed 4.6 MS.Besides,the people whole covered service projects need 2.4 MS per 100 thousand people.The research showed that managing 1 sample of different kind people needed different human cost,such as health profile needed 22.67 yuan,hypertension management needed 72.69 yuan,planned immunity for children needed 30.68 yuan,diabetes management needed 71.34 yuan,old people management needed 61.50 yuan,child care needed 30.88 yuan,maternal care needed 157.15 yuan,psychosis management needed 74.25 yuan.Besides,the people whole covered service projects needed 124.9 thousand yuan per 100 thousand people.Conclusion For primary public healthcare service project,it should be critical to modify manning regulation and labor costs.

Purpose To investigate the expression of tumor buds and its relationship with clinicopathological characteristics in endome-trial carcinoma. Methods 47 cases of endometrial carcinoma were observed and analyzed by means of clinicopathologic data and im-munohistochemical staining. The connections between tumor buds and clinicopathologic parameters were studied by statistics. Results Of the 47 endometrial carcinoma cases, tumor buds were seen in 18 cases. Tumor buds were correlated with histological grade, lymph node metastases, vascular invasion, Ki-67 index and survival. There were no associations between tumor buds with age, tumor size, pTNM stage or myometrial invasion depth. Immunohistochemistry demonstrated that the level of N-cadherin, vimentin in bud cells was higher than normal carcinoma cells while the level of CK(AE1/AE3),β-catenin and E-cadherin got the opposite results. Conclu-sion Tumor buds may play an important role in the progression of endometrial carcinoma. The immunohistochemical features of bud cells indicated that tumor buds may be a key step in epithelial-mesenchymal transition.

AlM: To investigate expressions of matrix metalloproteinase-2 ( MMP-2 ) and extracellular matrix metalloproteinase inducer ( EMMPRlN) in retinoblastoma (Rb) and the relationships between MMP-2, EMMPRlN and tumor development.METHODS:lmmunohistochemical technique was used to detect expressions of MMP-2 and EMMPRlN in 39 cases of paraffin embedded Rb samples. Quantitative analysis of expressions of MMP-2 and EMMPRlN were assessed by measuring the mean gray scale of Rb tissue with LElCA lM50 Color Pathologic Analysis System. The differences of expressions of MMP-2 and EMMPRlN in each clinical and pathological stage were statistically analyzed, and the same step was also undertaken to study the relationship between Rb with MMP-2 positive expression and that with EMMPRlN positive expression.RESULTS:The positive expression rate of MMP-2 was 90% (Gray value: 109. 64 ± 14. 52; 35/39), and that of EMMPRlN was 85% (Gray value:108. 01±13. 60;33/39). The expressions of MMP - 2 and EMMPRlN were significantly higher in tumors of glaucomatous stage (Gray value:108. 21±11. 47 and 107. 56±14. 32) than those in intraocular stage ( Gray value: 121. 13 ± 11. 32 and 119. 34 ± 12. 66; P<0. 01 and P<0. 05). And the same conclusion can be concluded between those in extraocular stage (Gray value: 91. 03 ± 11. 71 and 92. 26 ± 12. 93) with those in glaucomatous stage (P<0. 01 and P<0. 05). The expressions of MMP-2 and EMMPRlN were significantly higher in tumors with optic nerve invasion (Gray value:103. 89±13. 39 and 105. 23±14. 00) than those without optic nerve invasion ( Gray value: 118. 39 ± 15. 11 and 117. 53±16. 13) (P<0. 01 and P<0. 05).CONCLUSlON:The positive expression levels of MMP-2 and EMMPRlN may correlate with tumor infiltration and metastasis.

Three forms of the major surface antigen (SAG1)of Toxoplasma gondii, that is the membrane form, the secrete form and the intracellular form, were constructed and used to immunize BALB/c mice. The humoral response in the mice immunized with the membrane form and the secrete form of SAG1 appeared earlier and stronger than those mice immunized with the intracellular form. Result from the challenging infection demonstrated that the protection in the mice immunized with the membrane and the secrete forms was also stronger than in the mice immunized with the intracellular form. We suggest that the immune efficiency of the three forms of SAG1 in the mouse model is different.

AIM:Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) copy number variation (CNV), which reflects the oxidant-induced cell damage, has been observed in a wide range of human diseases .However, whether it correlates with heart failure , which is closely related to oxidative stress, has never been elucidated before .We aimed to systematically investigate the association between leukocyte mtDNA CNV and heart failure risk and prognosis .METHODS: A total of 1 700 hospitalized patients with heart failure and 1 700 age-and gender-matched community population were consecutively enrolled in this observational study , as well as 1 638 ( 96.4%) patients were fol-lowed prospectively for a median of 17 months (12~24 months).The relative mtDNA copy number in leukocyte of peripheral blood or cardiac tissue was measured in triplicate by quantitative real-time PCR method .RESULTS:Patients with heart failure possessed much lower relative mtDNA copy number compared with control subjects (P<0.01), especially for the patients with ischemic etiology (P<0.01).Patients with lower mtDNA copy number exhibited 1.7 times higher risk of heart failure ( P<0.01).Long-term follow-up (median 17 months) showed that decreased mtDNA copy number was significant associated with both increased cardiovascular deaths (P<0.01) and cardiovascular rehospitalization (P<0.01).After adjusted for the conventional risk factors and medications , lower mtDNA copy number were still significantly associated with 50% higher cardiovascular mortality (P <0.05).CONCLUSION:
mtDNA copy number depletion is an independent risk factor for heart failure and predicted higher risk of cardiovascular deaths in patients with heart failure .

In order to investigate the mechanism of stat3 nuclear import. positioned a characterized NLS of the SV40 large T antigen into Stat3-GFP, Dstat3-GFP respectively between the C-terminus of Stat3 and the N-terminus of GFP to create Stat3-NLS-GFP and Dstat3-NLS-GFP. With NLS-GFP as the positive control, Expression of the Stat3-NLS-GFP without IL-6 stimulation and Stat3-GFP with IL-6 stimulation resulted in a predominantly nuclear localization in 293T cell. Expression of Stat3-GFP and Dstat3-NLS-GFP without IL-6 stimulation resulted in predominantly cytoplasm localization in 293T cell. The results suggest that latent Stat3 is not anchored in the cytoplasm, and that nuclear localization in response to IL-6 is facilitated by gain of an NLS function.
Active Transport, Cell Nucleus ; Cell Nucleus ; metabolism ; Nuclear Localization Signals ; Plasmids ; metabolism ; STAT3 Transcription Factor ; metabolism