Objective:To evaluate the efficacy of omeprazole and cimetidine in the prophylaxis of stress ulcer bleeding to provide evidence for clinical therapy in China. Methods:The randomized controlled trials were searched in PubMed, Medline, CNKI, Wan-fang and Vip database with the key words of omeprazole, cimetidine and stress ulcer. Two evaluators assessed the quality and reviewed the data independently. RevMan 5. 2 software was used for Meta-analysis. Results:Seventeen randomized controlled trials were includ-ed involving 892 patients for omeprazole group and 888 patients for cimetidine group. The results of Meta-analysis showed that the difference between the two groups after the treatment was statistically significant by comparing the incidence of stress ulcer bleeding (OR=0. 23,95% CI:0. 17-0. 32;P<0. 000 01). The incidence of stress ulcer bleeding of omeprazole group was significantly lower than that of cimetidine group. Conclusion:Existing literature analysis shows that omeprazole is more effective than cimetidine in the stress ulcer bleeding prophylaxis.

Objective To observe the effect of exercise on the expression of TNF-α in the adipose tissue of insulin resistant rats fed a high fat diet. Methods Thirty healthy male rats were randomly divided into a high fat di- et group and a normal chow group. Eighteen weeks later, the high fat group was randomly divided into a resting group fed with the high fat diet only, and an exercise group fed the high fat diet, but receiving swimming training for 6 weeks. Changes in their metabolism of glucose and lipids were observed, and the insulin sensitivity index was calcu-lated. Meanwhile, the level of TNF-α mRNA in their adipose tissue was detected with a real-time fluorescence quan-titative polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and protein in the adipose tissue was measured using Western blotting. Results After 18 weeks of high fat diet feeding, the insulin sensitivity index of the high fat diet group decreased sig-nificantly as compared to the normal chow group, suggesting that insulin resistance had been acquired in the high fat diet group. 24 weeks later, the insulin sensitivity index of the resting group had decreased further, again significantly when compared to the normal chow group. Compared to the resting group, the insulin sensitivity index of exercise group was significantly higher, and the expression of TNF-α mRNA and protein in their adipose tissue was significant- ly increased. Conclusion Insulin resistance can be induced by high fat diet feeding. Exercise can improve insulin resistance by increasing the expression of TNF-α in adipose tissue.

OBJECTIVE:To establish a method for bacterial endotoxin test of Boric acid rinse.METHODS:According to appendix volumeⅡof Chinese Pharmacopoeia(2005 edition),the tachypleus amebocyte lysate(TAL)method was applied for the pre-inference test and interfence test to investigate non-inference concentration,pH value and sensitivity of TAL.RESULTS:Boric acid did not interfere with TAL and the reaction of bacterial endotoxin at 2 times diluted concentration with pH value adjusted above 6.The sensitivity 0.25 EU?mL-1 of TAL was available.CONCLUSION:The TAL method can control the limit of bacterial endotoxins in Boric acid rinse.

Objective:To establish an HPLC-DAD-ELSD method for the simultaneous determination of neomycin sulfate and hy-drochloric dyclonine in compound Twaln ointments. Methods:The assay was performed on an Agilent ZOR BAXSB-C18 column(250 mm × 4. 6 mm, 5μm) with acetonitrile-water as the mobile phase with gradient elution at a flow rate of 1. 0 ml·min-1 . The detection wavelength of DAD was 282 nm. The evaporator temperature of ELSD was set at 50℃ and the nebulizer temperature was set at 60℃with the gas flow rate of 1. 6 L·min-1 . The column temperature was kept at 35℃. Results:The linear range of neomycin sulfate was 141. 54-323. 52 μg·mL-1(r=0. 999 6) with the average recovery of 98. 87%(RSD=0. 95%, n=9). The linear range of hydro-chloric dyclonine was 28. 00-64. 00 μg·mL-1(r=0. 999 6) with the average recovery of 99. 57%(RSD=1. 10%, n=9). Conclu-sion:The method is accurate, sensitive and reproducible, and under the same chromatographic conditions, the determination of all the active ingredients in compound Twaln ointments is achieved, which provides basis for the quality control.

Objective:To establish an HPLC method for the simultaneous determination of triamcinolone acetonide acetonide ( TAA) and chloramphenicol in the cream. Methods:The chromatographic system consisted of a ZORBAX SB-C18 column (250 mm × 4. 6 mm, 5μm). The mobile phase consisted of methanol and phosphate buffer with gradient elution at a flow rate of 1. 0 ml·min-1, the detection wavelength was 240nm, the column temperature was ambient, and the sample size was 20 μl. Results:The calibration curve was linear for TAA and chloramphenicol within the concentration range of 6. 12-48. 96 μg·ml-1 and 62. 1-745. 2 μg·ml-1 with the recovery of 99. 7% (RSD=1. 3%, n=9) and 99. 4%(RSD=1. 0%, n=9), respectively. Conclusion: The method is sensitive, accurate and specific, and can be used to control the quality of chloramphenicol and triamcinolone acetonide acetate cream.

Objective To investigate the effects of different concentrations of ketamine on the differentiation of human T helper (Th) cells.Methods Twenty ASA Ⅰ patients (aged 20-60 years) undergoing elective operation under general anesthesia were enrolled in this study.Peripheral venous blood samples were taken before anesthesia.Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were isolated and divided randomly into three groups (n =20 each):being incubated in the presence of 0.9％ NaCl (group C),2.5 μg/ml ketamine (group K1) and 25.0 μg/ml ketamine (group K2),respectively,for 24 hours,and were then stimulated with phytohaemagglutinin for 48 hours,respectively.The percentages of Th1 and Th2 cells were detected by four-color fluorescence flow cytometry.The Th1/Th2 ratio was calculated.The levels of interleukin-2 (IL-2),IL-4,IL-6,IL-10,immunoreactive fibronectin-γ (IFN-γ) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) in the supernatant were determined by cytometric bead array.Results There was no significant difference in the levels of IL-2,IL-4,IL-6,IL-10,IFN-γ and TNF-α in the supernatant,the percentages of Th1 and Th2 cells and the ratio of Th1/Th2 among groups C,K1 and K2(P＞ 0.05).Conclusion The sedative and anesthetic concentrations of ketamine exert no effect on the differentiation of human Th cells in vitro.

Objective:To establish an HPLC method for the determination of chloramphenicol in chloramphenicol vaginal tablets. Methods:An Agilent ZORBAX SB-C18 column (150 mm × 4. 6 mm,5 μm)was used. The mobile phase was composed of 0. 1% sodi-um 1-heptanesulfonate solution-methanol (68∶32),the flow rate was 1. 0 ml·min-1, the UV detection wavelength was 277 nm,the column temperature was 35℃,and the injection volume was 10 μl. Results:The linear range of chloramphenicol was 25. 6-512. 0 μg ·ml-1(r=0. 999 9). The mean recovery was 99. 4%, and RSD was 0. 8%(n=9). Conclusion:The method is simple,accurate and reproducible,and can be used in the determination of chloramphenicol vaginal tablets.

OBJECTIVE:To systematically review the efficacy,safety and economy of acarbose versus metformin in the treat-ment of type 2 diabetes,and provide evidence-based reference for the clinical treatment. METHODS:Retrieved from PubMed, Medline,CJFD,Wanfang database,VIP database,randomized controlled trails (RCT) about acarbose (test group) versus metfor-min(control group)in the treatment of type 2 diabetes were collected. Meta-analysis was performed by using Rev Man 5.2 statis-tics software,and the decision tree model was used to do the cost-effectiveness analysis by using TreeAge Pro 2011.1.0.12.1 soft-ware. RESULTS:A total of 8 RCT,involving 418 patients. Results of Meta-analysis showed 2 h postprandial blood glucose (2 h PG)in test group [MD=-2.21,95%CI(-2.92,-1.51),P<0.001] was lower than that of control group,there was no signifi-cant diffcrencc in the glycated hemoglobin levels[MD=0.02,95%CI(-0.38,0.34),P=0.91],fasting blood glucose level[MD=0.05,95%CI(0.91,1.01),P=0.92] and incidence of adverse reactions [OR=1.84,95%CI(0.80,4.24),P=0.92] between 2 groups. Results of decision tree analysis showed the cost-effectiveness ratio in test group and control group was 847.15 and 272.53,respec-tively;and incremental cost-effectiveness ratio was 13 776. CONCLUSIONS:Acarbose shows an obvious advantage on decreasing the 2 h PG of type 2 diabetes,however,pharmacoeconomics shows metformin has higher economic effects. Due to the limit of methodological quality,large-scale and high quality RCT are required for further validation of the conclusions.

Objective To realize scientific allocation of medical monitors in clinical departments by evaluating quantitatively their social and economic benefits.Methods Analyses were executed on social and economic benefit indexes,including number or times of patients involved,utility time,volatility of utilization rate (VOUR),payback period and investment yield.Results Totally 457 monitors were involved in the study from January to June 2015,and the monitors had the number or times of patients being 20,utility time being 383 h,VOUR lower than 10％ (except that of February),mean payback period being 0.64 a and yearly mean investment yield being 137％.Conclusion The monitor has to be allocated by the equipment division in case of low social benefit.In case of high social benefit while low economic benefit,the monitor manufactured in China gains advantages due to short payback period,high investment yield and long free warranty time.The foreign monitor with specific function has to be selected in case of high social and economic benefits as well as requirements on special function.

ObjectiveTo investigate the effects of different concentrations of ketamine on the differentiation of human T helper (Th) cells.MethodsTwenty patients ASA Ⅰ,20-60 years undergoing elective operation under general anesthesia were enrolled in this study.Peripheral venous blood samples were taken before anesthesia.Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were isolated and assigned to one of 3 groups ( n ＝ 20 each).Peripheral blood mononuclear cells were incubated in the presence of 0.9％ NaCl (group C),2 concentrations of ketamine (2.5,25.0 μg/ml) (groups K1,K2) for 24 h,and were then stimulated with phytohaemagglutinin for another 48 h.The perce.ntage of Thl and Th2 cells were detected by four-color flow cytometry.The Thl/Th2 ratio was calculated.The IL-2,IL-4,IL-6,IL-10,IFN-γ and TNF-α concentrations in the supernatant were determined by cytometric bead array.ResultsThere was no significant difference in the IL-2,IL-4,IL-6,IL-10,IFN-γ and TNF-α concentrations in the supernatant,the percentage of Thl and Th2 cells and Thl/Tb-2 ratio among groups C,K1and K2 ( P ＞ 0.05).ConclusionsThe sedative and anesthetic concentrations of ketamine exert no effect on the differentiation of human Th cells in vitro.