After the application of project-based learning (PBL) and 3D printing in classroom and teaching, the integrating methods and principles of PBL and 3D printing and recent teaching resources were summarized, PBL-based 3D modeling combined with recent innovative practice of 3D printing teaching model, with the course of Computer-aided medicine as an example, showed that the new teaching mode can effectively stimulate the interests of students, and cultivate their innovative thinking.

Objective To describe the research status, analyze the existing problems and summarize development trend of basic experiment research in China by analyzing the papers publication year, publication journals, geographical distribution, fund status, cooperation situation and the main experimental methods or technologies.It was aimed at providing guidance for further research and development of nursing scientific research.Methods All literatures related to nursing professional basic experiment research were extracted by searching through the China National Knowledge Infrastructure, VIP Database for Chinese Technical Periodicals and Wan-fang database from January 2005 to November 2014.Bibliometric analysis methods were used to analyze the search results.Results 472 references were retrieved to meet the requirements.about 76.3％ (360/472) papers were published in the statistical source journals, 10.0％ (47/472) of the literatures were published in the nursing professional journals;68.9％ (325/472) of the literatures had funding source, 21.0％ (99/472) for national fund support, 35.4％ (167/472) were supported by provincial fund;literature cooperation degree was 4.38(2 065/472), the co-authored rate was 97.2％ (459/472).The level of research focused on tissue and cells, a few involved in molecular level.Conclusions All the literatures on the nursing professional basic experiment research show a increa~d trend year by year.Nursing professional journals' publication volume is not high for such research.Scientific research fund contributions remain to be improved.The interdisciplinary cooperation needs to be expanded.Nursing experimental research will provide a possible for discipline development.

Objective To investigate the effects of different doses of gabapentin on streptozotocin (STZ)-induced diabetic neuropathic pain in rats.Methods Male SD rats aged 6 weeks weighing 180-200 g were used in this study. Diabetes ntellitus ( DM) was induced by intraperitoneal STZ 60 mg/kg and confirmed one week later by blood glucose =16.7 mmol/L before breakfast. The DM rats were randomly divided into 4 groups ( n = 6 each) : gabapentin groups received intraperitoneal gabapentin 30, 60 and 120 mg/kg twice a day (at 9:00 am and 3:00 pm) for 3 weeks respectively and control group received intraperitoneal normal saline 0.6 ml instead of gabapentin. The paw withdrawal threshold to von Frey filament stimulation was measured before and at 30, 60, 120, 180, 240 min after first gabapentin injection and once a week for 3 weeks. Results After gabapentin 60 and 120 mg/kg, the paw withdrawal threshold to mechanical stimuli was significantly increased and lasted for about 4 h. The analgesic effect peaked at 60 min after IP gabapentin injection. Normal saline and gabapentin 30 mg/kg had no significant analgesic effect. The degree of analgesia was significantly decreased at day 14 and 21 of treatment with gabapentin 60 and 120 mg/kg as compared with that at 60 min after gabapentin injection. Conclusion The hyperalgesia and allodynia in rats with diabetes mellitus can be effectively reversed by gabapentin 60 and 120 mg/kg,while long-term use of gabapentin can induce drug tolerance.

Objective To establish and evaluate the new method of 8-color flow cytometry (8c-FCM) with two tube detecting bone marrow minimal residual disease (MRD) in B lineage acute lymphoblastic leukemia (B-ALL).MethodsThe MRD cells were analyzed by using two combinations of 8c-FCM antibody panels,gating with CD19/Side scatter(SSC),CD45/CD10 and CD34(or cTdT).Nalm-6 cell of B-ALL was mixed into normal marrow cells,with proportion of 10.00％,1.00％,0.10％,0.01％and 0.005％,and recovery test and reproducibility test were carried with 8c-FCM established to value its accuracy and precision of.Fluorescence intensity was detected on different time points after marked Nalm-6 by antibodies to evaluate the fluorescent stability of the antibodies.The immunophenotyping was analyzed in 39 bone marrow specimens,including 9 cases of normal control,9 cases of B-ALL primary or recurrent,21 cases of complete remission (CR) after chemotherapy or bone marrow transplantation ( BMT),to evaluate the detection of normal B lymphocyte lineage,leukemia cells of B-ALL,MRD cells of B-ALL using the 8c-FCM and compare it with 4c-FCM in being.ResultsThe method of two tube 8c-FCM with main antibodies of CD19,CD45 and CD10 to detect MRD of B-ALL was founded; CV ＜ 2.5％,average recovery rate was 95.81％,when the actual percent of Nalm-6 mixed into normal bone marrow≥0.10％,and the percent of Nalm-6 detected and actual was linear dependent ( r =0.99,P ＜ 0.05 ) ranged from 10.00％ - 0.01 ％,when 106 cells were acquired ; the sensitivity of the method established could reach 0.01％.The fluorescent intensity decreased along with the time after Nalm-6 cell marked,but less than 10％ in 24 hours.Using the antibody combinations and analyze strategy,the immunophenotye of B lymphocyte in normal bone marrow presented four sequential stages:Stage Ⅰ CD45low/CD10stro/CD20 -/CD38stro/CD34 + or cTdT +,Stage ⅡCD45 +/CD10 + / CD20 -/CD38stro/CD34+ or cTdT +,Stage Ⅲ CD45 +/CD10 +/CD20 -/CD38stro/CD34 -or cTdT-,Stage Ⅳ CD45stro/CD10 -/CD20 +/CD38low/CD34or cTdT.Antigen expressions of leukeamic cells of B-ALL primary or recurrent were different compared with control team; there were 5 cases with MRD positive in CR team,and the main antigen expression was consistent with the results from 4c-FCM.The range of the percent of MRD cells was 0.02％ - 5.42％ of the 5 cases of MRD positive.ConclusionsThe new method of two tube 8c-FCM established shows good reproducibility and high accuracy,and can identify normal B lymphocyte populations in bone marrow and regenerated B-precursors in CR cases with MRD cells;compared with 4c-FCM,the new method of two tube 8c-FCM with the fewer specimen is faster and efficient to diagnose MRD of B-ALL.

Objective To investigate postoperative psychological experiences of patients underwent kidney transplant donated by his/her parent,and to discover mental signs and psychological journey in individual growth.Methods Semi-structured in-depth interviews were conducted among 17 patients underwent kidney transplant donated by his/her parent,and Giorgi analysis method was used to analyze data.Results The postoperative psychological experiences of patients mainly contained 4 aspects:posttraumatic growth,rebuilding meaning of life,being grateful for experience,coexisting of hope and challenge.Conclusion The patients have complex psychological experiences,having positive aspects derived from rehabilitation and improved quality of life,as well as negative aspects derived from concerning health of the donor,fear for complication and rejection,and lack of sound supporting system.Medical staff should guide patients to adjust cognitive and behavioral patterns and face life events directly,integrate medical/social support resources and enhance patients' psychological capital to face future life.

BACKGROUND:Repair programs of posterolateral tibial plateau fracture included posterior plate screws, lateral plate screw and anterior and posterior lag screw fixation. To choose which fixation methods depends on clinical experiences of physicians. Study results are mainly clinical reports, and lack of mechanical evidence.
OBJECTIVE:To compare biomechanical changes in three fixed manners (lateral plate screw group, posterior plate screw group and anterior and posterior lag screw group) in the repair of posterolateral fracture of tibial plateau from the angle of biomechanics.
METHODS:A total of tibial specimens of six adult male antisepsis corpses (12 samples) were used for measuring bone mineral density of metaphysis. 1/2 posterolateral tibial plateau fracture model was established by electric pendulum saw. The model was randomly divided into three groups:lateral plate screw group, posterior plate screw group and anterior and posterior lag screw group. Finite element method and biomechanics were used to test axial displacement value and the maximal displacement distribution area under the axial loads of 250, 500, and 1 000 N.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:There was no significant difference in average bone density in three groups of metaphysis (P>0.05). The minimum axial displacement of the fracture fragments was in the anterior and posterior lag screw group (0.013 521 mm), fol owed by posterior plate screw group (0.016 991 mm), and the maximum was visible in the lateral plate screw group (0.138 200 mm) under 250 N load. Displacement value was similar to the 250 N under 500 and 1 000 N. According to the results of biomechanics, displacement values of anterior and posterior lag screw was obviously less than the lateral plate screw group and posterior plate screw group (P<0.05). There was no significant difference between the lateral plate screw group and posterior plate screw group (P>0.05). The maximal displacement distribution area was proximal tibiofibular joint border zone in two methods. These data indicated that the biomechanical stability was most advantageous in the anterior and posterior lag screw group, and poorest in the lateral plate screw group. In the clinic, anterior and posterior lag screw fixation can be used as a first choice for repair of posterolateral tibial plateau fracture.

BACKGROUND:Synovial mesenchymal stem cells have the ability of multilineage differentiation in vitro, which are expected to be seed cells for the treatment of cartilage defects in cartilage tissue engineering. Appropriate growth factors are critical for the chondrocyte differentiation of synovial mesenchymal stem cells.
OBJECTIVE:To study the role of secreted factors by chondrocytes to induce chondrogenesis of synovial mesenchymal stem cells.
METHODS:The synovial mesenchymal stem cells and chondrocytes were harvested from rat knee joints and cultured through the digestion method. The supernatant was col ected from chondrocytes, and centrifuged, filtered and cryopreserved. The third passage synovial mesenchymal stem cells centrifuged as pel ets were cultured in the chondrocyte supernatant for 21 days. And the cells morphology was examined and the type II col agen and aggrecan were detected through immunohistochemistry and RT-PCR.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The synovial mesenchymal stem cellpel ets cultured in the chondrocyte supernatant became cartilage-like tissue after 21 days. The type II col agen was detected positively in the matrix of synovial mesenchymal stem cellpel et immunohistochemical y. RT-PCR examination showed that the type II col agen and aggrecan expressed in the synovial mesenchymal stem cellpel et cultured in the chondrocyte supernatant. It suggested that synovial mesenchymal stem cellcould be induced to differentiate into chondrocytes depending on soluble factors secreted by chondrocytes.

BACKGROUND:Articular chondrocytes with the ability of autocrine and paracrine can provide the growth factors and microenvironment for synovial mesenchymal stem cels differentiating into the chondrocyte. The
three-dimensional scaffold could provide space for cels adhesion, proliferation and differentiation.
OBJECTIVE: To study the ability of chondrogenesis by co-culturing synovial mesenchymal stem cels and chondrocytes under the three-dimensional condition.
METHODS:The synovial membrane and articular cartilage were harvested from rat knee joint. The synovial
mesenchymal stem cels and chondrocytes were obtained through the method of enzyme digestion. The passage 3 synovial mesenchymal stem cels and passage 2 chondrocytes were co-cultured in the chitosan/I colagen
composite scaffolds at the ratio of 1:2. Then, the cels/scaffold composite was harvested to be examined
morphologicaly, histologicaly and immunohistochemicaly after being cultured 21 days. The confocal laser was also employed to detect the cels distribution in the scaffold.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: After being cultured 72 hours, it could be observed from the cels/scaffold composite examined through the scanning electron microscope that the cels adhered on the surface of the
scaffold and extracelular matrix surrounding the cels was seen on the scaffold. After being cultured 21 days, it could be found through the confocal laser scanning that the cels were wel-distributed on the scaffold, and cels decreased gradualy. Type II colagen was positive in the extracelular matrix immunohistochamicaly. It
suggested from this study that the synovial mesenchymal stem cels could be co-cultured with chondrocytes in the chitosan/I colagen composite scaffolds and have the ability of chondrogenesis differentiation.

Objective·To establish a reliable alcoholic liver disease mouse model (ALDNM) that mimics the drinking pattern of alcoholic liver disease (ALD) patients.Methods·Using the self-designed feeding tubes and liquid diet,ALDNM model was developed through chronic feeding combined with acute gavage of ethanol based on Lieber-DeCarli model and Gao-Binge model.C57BL/6 mice were administered with control liquid diet for adaptation for first 5 d,and then divided into pair-fed group and ethanol-fed group (10 mice each group).Ethanol-fed mice were fed with the liquid diet in which ethanol accounts for 30％ of total energy,while the pair-fed mice were fed with the control diet for 10 d.At the 16th day,ethanol-fed mice and pair-fed mice were respectively gavaged a single dose of 31.5％ ethanol or isocaloric maltose dextrin,and euthanized 9 h later.Sera and livers were collected.The general physiological condition,hepatic tissue pathological changes and serum indexes between Lieber-DeCarli models and ALDNM models were compared.The liver lipids of ALDNM mice were determined by Oil red O (ORO) staining and hepatic triacylglyceride (TAG) test.Meanwhile,the mRNA levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6),tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α),fatty acid synthase (Fas),long chain fatty acid elongase 6 (Elovl6) and stearyl-CoA desaturase (Scdl) were detected by real-time PCR in ALDNM models.Western blotting was used to detect the changes of phosphorylated signal transduction and transcriptional activator (p-STAT3) in the livers.Results·Lieber-DeCarli model mice were generally in poor condition,and there was no significant change in serum glutamic-pyruvic transaminase (GPT) and glutamic-oxaloacetic transaminase (GOT) compared to pair-fed group.However,in ALDNM models,H-E staining showed that the hepatocytes of ethanol-fed mice were extremely swollen with round volume,increased cytoplasm and filled with large amounts of fat vacuoles.ORO staining analyses showed obvious microsteatosis in the liver cells from all ethanol-fed mice.The hepatosomatic index,liver TAG content,serum GPT and GOT of ALDNM models were significantly higher than those in the pair-fed group,while the serum HDL significantly decreased compared to the pair-fed group.Moreover,the expression levels of both lipid synthesis pathways and inflammatory signaling pathways related genes in livers significantly increased in the ethanol-fed mice of ALDNM model.Conclusion·ALDNM model was successfully constructed.This model is cost-and time-efficient.Moreover,ALDNM model mimics the drinking pattern and pathogenesis of ALD patients with the advantages of stable food intake,good repeatability,and obvious liver damage.

PURPOSE: To explore whether there is matching relation between the length and the tilting angle of terminal implants in the All-on-Four protocol by studying the effects of different implant configurations on stress distributions of implant, bone, and framework. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Four implants were employed to support a full-arch fixed prosthesis and five three-dimensional finite element models were established with CT images, based on the length (S and L) and distal tilt angle (0degrees, 30degrees and 45degrees) of terminal implants for an edentulous mandible, which named: Tilt0-S, Tilt30-S, Tilt30-L, Tilt45-S and Tilt45-L. An oblique 240 N was loaded at second molar. The von Mises Stresses were analyzed. The implants were consecutively named #1 to #4 from the loading point. RESULTS: 1) Tilt0-S had the greatest stress on the implants, with the other groups exhibiting variable reductions; the four implants of Tilt45-L demonstrated the greatest reduction in stress. 2) Tilt0-S had the greatest stress at bone around #1 implant neck, and Tilt45-L exhibited the least stress, which was a 36.3% reduction compared to Tilt0-S. 3) The greatest stress in the framework was found on the cantilevers distal to #1 implant. Tilt45-S exhibited the least stress. CONCLUSION: Matching different length and tilting angle of the terminal implants led to variable stress reductions on implants, bone and the superstructure. By optimizing implant configuration, the reduction of stress on implants and surrounding bone could be maximized. Under the present condition, Tilt45-L was the preferred configuration. Further clinical testings are required.
Finite Element Analysis* ; Mandible ; Molar ; Neck ; Prostheses and Implants