Background and purpose:There are few studies referring to population-based cancer survival of bladder cancer for more than forty years in China. This paper was to offer basis for assessing long-term survival trends of bladder cancer and the prognosis of this cancer through analysis of the survival rates based on cancer report documents from 1972 to 2011 in Qidong.Methods:The deadline of the last follow-up for survival status of the 1 619 registered cases was Apr. 2012. Cumulative observed survival rate (OS) and relative survival rate (RS) were calculated using Hakulinen’s method performed by the SURV3.01 Software which is developed by Finnish Cancer Registry.Results:The one-, three-, five-, ten-, fifteen-, twenty-, and thirty-year OS rates were 59.91%, 43.49%, 35.98%, 26.91%, 21.30%, 18.37% and 12.24%; and the one-, three-, five-, ten-, fifteen-, twenty-, and thirty-year RS rates were 64.07%, 53.02%, 50.06%, 52.42%, 59.59%, 76.39% and 115.75%, respectively. For males, these OS rates were 60.84%, 43.91%, 36.95%, 27.31%, 21.49%, 18.29% and 12.59%, and RS rates were 65.23%, 53.95%, 52.02%, 54.57%, 62.59%, 79.12% and 117.07%, respectively; For females, these OS rates were 56.61%, 42.03%, 32.44%, 25.65%, 20.78%, 18.80% and 0%, and RS rates, 59.99%, 49.91%, 43.37%, 45.86%, 51.21%, 69.02% and 0%, respectively. There were no statistical differences couldbe found between both sexes (P=0.256). Five-year RS rates of age groups 15-34, 35-44, 45-54, 55-64, 65-74, and more than 75 were 49.10%, 67.53%, 62.77%, 53.92%, 46.59% and 39.85%, and 10-year RS rates, 49.79%, 61.23%, 52.99%, 48.21%, 54.94% and 51.21%, respectively. Remarkable improvement could be seen for the five-, ten-, and fifteen-year RS rates in this setting since 1980’s.Conclusion:The survival outcome from Qidong registered cases with bladder cancer shows gradual progress during the past 2 decades. Early detection and improvement of therapies may be the factors affecting the prognosis of bladder cancer. Although the disparities in survival rates between Qidong and the developed countries are getting narrower, potential for survival improvement still exists.

Objective Survival rates of pancreas cancer during the years 1972-2011,from a population-based cancer registry in Qidong,were analyzed in order to provide information for the prognosis assessment and control of this disease.Methods The deadline of the last follow-up for survival status of 3279 registered cases was April 30th,2012.DCO (death certificates only) cases were excluded,leaving 3272 cases for survival analysis.Cumulative observed survival rate (OS) and relative survival rate (RS) were calculated by the SURV3.01 software.Results The 1-,5-,10-,15-,20-,25-,and 30-year OSs were 12.69％,4.87％,3.76％,3.07％ 2.66％,1.94％ and 1.28％,respectively,and OSs in male were 12.39％,4.67％,3.41％,2.77％ 2.22％,1.35％,0.75％,and in female were 13.08％,5.12％,4.22％,3.45％,3.28％,3.00％ 2.40％.The 1-,5-,10-,15-,20-,25-,and 30-year RSs were 13.34％,6.30％,6.47％,7.34％ 9.27％,10.33％ and 10.65％,respectively;and the RSs in male were 13.06％,6.14％,6.06％ 6.91％,8.06％,7.44％,6.44％,and in female were 13.70％,6.47％,6.99％,7.88％,10.91％ 15.25％,19.12％.The 5-year OS rates at age groups of 15-34,35-44,45-54,55-64,65-74 and ＞75 were 17.81％,6.34％,8.32％,5.04％,3.75％ and 3.82％,respectively.The 5-year RSs were 17.97％,6.47％,8.65％,5.47％,4.68％ and 8.03％.Five-year OSs increased from 2.01％ in 1973-1977 to 5.11％ in 2003-2007.Conclusions The overall survival rate of pancreas cancer has increased during the past 40 years in Qidong,but the improvement is marginal.

Objective To analyze the survival rates of patients with non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) in Qidong from 1972 to 2011,in order to provide the basis for the prognosis assessment and the control of this cancer.Methods A total of 1 472 registered NHL cases were followed up to April 30, 2012.Cumulative observed survival (OS) rate and relative survival (RS) rate were calculated using Hakulinen method performed by the SURV 3.01 software developed at the Finnish Cancer Registry.Results The 1-, 3-, 5-, 10-, 20-and 30-year OS rates were 32.48 ％, 19.30 ％, 15.78 ％, 12.76 ％, 9.54 ％ and 7.63 ％, and the RS rates were 33.49 ％, 21.18 ％, 18.46 ％, 17.79 ％, 19.37 ％ and 22.44 ％, respectively.The 1-, 3-, 5-, 10-, 20-and 30-year RS rates of males vs females had no statistically significant differences (x2 =3.32, P =0.767).The 5-year RS rates of age groups 0-14, 15-34, 35-44, 45-54, 55-64, 65-74, and ≥75 were 22.99 ％, 20.51％,18.42 ％, 20.96 ％, 18.72 ％, 17.32 ％, 10.60 ％, and the 10-year RS rates were 23.04 ％, 15.55 ％, 15.91％,16.36 ％, 18.59 ％, 19.70 ％, 20.93 ％, respectively.The age group 0-14 had the highest 5-and 10-year RS rates.Remarkable improvement could be seen in the 5-year RS rate from 7.76 ％ in 1973-1977 to 26.79 ％ in 2003-2007, and the 10-year OS rate from 6.63 ％ in 1973-1977 to 15.52 ％ in 1998-2002, respectively.Conclusions The outcome of NHL in Qidong has been improved gradually from 1972 to 2011, but the gaps of survival rates in NHL patients between China and the developed countries still exist.Research on the diagnosis and treatment of NHL should be further emphasized.

Objective To evaluate the clinical application value of active carbon nanoparticles to guide breast cancer tiny lymphadenectomy.Methods 50 patients with breast cancer were enrolled in the study and were divided into two groups by random number table.Active carbon particle was injected locally to guide the regional lymph nodes dissection in 25 cases as study group,and the traditional method was performed in 25 cases as observation group.Numbers of dissected lymph nodes were compared between two groups.Results The average number of eliminated small lymph nodes in the study group was dramatically more than that in the observation group[(23.60 ±4.61)vs. (14.60 ±5.16),t =3.47,P <0.05].There was significant difference between the study group and the observation group in the small ambulant lymph nodes[(5.80 ±1.49)vs.(2.89 ±1.66),t =2.91,P <0.05)].Conclusion Active carbon injected locally can eliminate not only more small lymph nodes,but also more small ambulant lymph nodes.

Objective To investigate the effect and underlying mechanism of radioactive 125I seed implantation on the angiogenesis of transplanted human lung adenocarcinoma in nude mice.Methods An animal model of transplantd human lung adenocarcinoma was established by subcutaneous implanting A549 cells into nude mice.Twenty four tumor-bearing nude mice were randomly divided into 4 groups with different irradiation doses of blank control (without any treatment) and 0 MBq,22.2 MBq,29.6 MBq and by embedding radioactive 125I seeds with an 18 G implant needle.Tumor volumes were measured every 4 days until all mice were terminated 30 d later and the tumor growth curve was drawn.The microvessel density (MVD) in the tumor tissue was detected by immunohistochemistry S-P assay.The mRNA and protein levels of VEGF and HIF-1α of each group were detected by RT-PCR and Western blot,respectively.Results After embedding of 125I seeds,the tumor volumes of 22.2 MBq group (886 ± 97) and 29.6 MBq group (590 ± 107) were significantly smaller than those of control group (2 297 ± 149) at 54 d after administration (q =14.117,17.075,P ＜ 0.05),but there were no significant differences among 0 MBq group and control group,22.2 MBq and 29.6 MBq groups (P ＞ 0.05).The immunohistochemical CD34-positive staining demonstrated that MVD in 22.2 MBq group (522 ± 119) and 29.6 MBq group (491 ± 121) were decreased significantly compared with control group (922 ± 260) (q =4.826,5.197,P ＜0.05),but there were no significant differences among 0 MBq and control groups,22.2 MBq and 29.6 MBq groups(P ＞0.05).The mRNA expressions of VEGF and HIF-1α in 22.2 MBq group (0.279±0.0659,0.370 ±0.0857) and 29.6 MBq group (0.215 ±0.0620,0.278 ±0.0651) were significantly lower than those in the control group (q VEGFmRNA =18.881,17.211,q HIF-1αmRNA =15.376,14.733,P ＜0.05),but there were no significant differences among 0 MBq and control groups,22.2 MBq and 29.6 MBq groups(P ＞0.05).At the same time,the expression levels of VEGF and HIF-1α protein after 125I seed implantation were also obviously decreased in 22.2 MBq and 29.6 MBq groups (qvEGr =5.848,6.263,q HIF-1α =6.560,7.576,P ＜ 0.05),and no significant difference between 0 MBq and control groups(P ＞ 0.05) and between 22.2 MBq and 29.6 MBq groups (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusions Interstitial implantation with 125I seeds may potently inhibit angiogenesis in human lung adenocarcinoma xenografts of nude mice.

Objective: To investigate the survival rate and changing trends of kidney cancer patients in Qidong City from 1972 to 2016, so as to provide insights into kidney cancer control. Methods: Data pertaining to the incidence of kidney cancer in Qidong City from 1972 to 2016 were captured from the Qidong Municipal Cancer Registration System, and the final follow-up period was December 31, 2021. The observed survival rate, relative survival rate and standardized relative survival rate of kidney cancer were calculated to analyze the survival of kidney cancer, and the trends in survival were analyzed among kidney cancer patients from 1972 to 2016 using annual percent change (APC). Results: A total of 554 kidney cancer patients were reported in Qidong City from 1972 to 2016. The 1-, 3- and 5-year observed survival rates, relative survival rates and standardized relative survival rates were 62.27%, 50.54% and 44.04%; 64.31%, 55.71% and 51.93%; and 61.71%, 51.90%, and 51.68%, respectively. The 5-year observed survival rate, relative survival rate and standardized relative survival rate of kidney cancer appeared a tendency towards a rise in Qidong City from 1972 to 2016, with APC of 2.83% (t=4.303, P=0.004), 2.82% (t=3.978, P=0.005) and 3.96% (t=5.898, P=0.001), and the 5-year relative survival rate of kidney cancer was comparable between men and women (53.05% vs. 50.40%; χ2=4.872, P=0.676). There was an age-specific 5-year relative survival rate of kidney cancer (χ2=35.144, P<0.001), with the greatest among patients at ages of 35 to 44 years (64.49%) and the lowest at ages of 75 years and older (30.11%). Conclusion The 5-year survival rate of kidney cancer cases appeared a tendency towards a rise in Qidong City from 1972 to 2016. Further specific interventions, depending on age, are needed for management of kidney cancer.

Trait anxiety is a relatively stable anxiety tendency with individual differences in personality traits. The level of trait anxiety is related to gene polymorphism, oxidative stress, and brain volume and brain chemicals. At the same time, trait anxiety can affect an individual's cognitive performance, such as the extinction of fear memories and the process of threat-related information. Fully understanding the neurobiological factors of trait anxiety and its impacts on individual cognitive performance can help us cope with life events better and prevent or treat anxiety, depression and other mental illnesses more effectively.

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) represents a distinct subtype of breast cancer, characterized by unique clinical traits including early lung metastasis, elevated recurrence rates, and diminished survival prospects. Owing to the lack of estrogen receptor, progesterone receptor, and human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 expression, concrete therapeutic targets remain elusive, thereby confining available clinical treatment methods. In the context of advanced TNBC, chemotherapy remains the predominant therapeutic approach. In recent years, with the in-depth study of tumor microenvironment, new immunotherapy targets have been discovered one after another. Thus, immunotherapy-based combined therapy strategies have brought new hope in patients with advanced TNBC.

Objective:To evaluate the effect of trans-nasal humidified rapid insufflation ventilatory exchange (THRIVE) on reflux and micro-aspiration during induction of general anesthesia in the patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy.Methods:A total of 60 patients, regardless of gender, aged 18-60 yr, with body mass index of 18-28 kg/m 2, of American Society of Anesthesiologists Physical Status classification Ⅰ or Ⅱ, scheduled for elective laparoscopic cholecystectomy, were divided into 2 groups ( n=30 each) using a random number table method: routine mask ventilation group (group C) and trans-nasal humidified rapid insufflation ventilatory exchange group (group H). Patients in group C were pre-oxygenated with a mask for 5 min, oxygen flow of 6 L/min and FiO 2 100%, after the induction of anesthesia, the pressure mask was used to artificially assist positive pressure ventilation for 2 min when the patient′s consciousness disappeared, and 2 min later endotracheal intubation was performed.Patients in group H were pre-oxygenated with THRIVE for 5 min, oxygen flow of 30 L/min and FiO 2 100%.The oxygen flow was increased to 50 L/min during anesthesia induction.After anesthesia induction, the oxygen flow was increased to 70 L/min when the patient′s consciousness disappeared, and chin lift and/or jaw thrust was used during apnoea to maintain an open airway, the patient′s mouth was kept closed during the whole process, and 2 min later endotracheal intubation was performed.Ultrasound was used to measure the cross-sectional area (CSA) of the gastric antrum and to monitor the occurrence of gastric insufflation, and the incidence of CSA greater than >3.4 cm 2 was recorded on admission to the operating room and immediately after tracheal intubation.Supraglottic and subglottic secretions were collected at the time of tracheal intubation using visual laryngoscopy after exposing the glottis, and the pepsin content was determined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay to assess reflux (content of pepsin in supraglottic secretion >216 ng/ml) and micro-aspiration (content of pepsinin subglottic secretion >200 ng/ml), and arterial blood gas analysis was simultaneously performed.The apnoea time was recorded, and P ETCO 2 at the first mechanical ventilation after tracheal intubation were recorded. Results:Compared with group C, PaO 2 was significantly increased and CSA was decreased immediately after tracheal intubation, and the incidence of CSA greater than >3.4 cm 2 immediately after tracheal intubation was decreased, and the incidence of gastric insufflation, reflux and micro-spiration was decreased, apnoea time was prolonged, and P ETCO 2 at first mechanical ventilation was increased in group H ( P<0.05). Conclusions:THRIVE applied during induction of general anesthesia can reduce the occurrence of reflux and micro-aspiration while ensuring oxygenation in the patients undergoing laparoscopic cholecystectomy.

Objective:To evaluate the effect of transcutaneous electrical acupoint stimulation (TEAS) on postoperative pulmonary function in the patients undergoing robot-assisted radical resection of colon cancer.Method:Ninety-four patients of either sex, aged 50-80 yr, with body mass index of 18-25 kg/m 2, of American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status Ⅰ-Ⅲ, with ARISCAT grade of medium risk, undergoing elective robot-assisted radical resection of colon cancer, were enrolled in this study. The patients were divided into TEAS group (group T, n=47) and sham-TEAS group (group S, n=47) using a random number table method. In group T, patients received 30 min of TEAS at Hegu (LI4), Quchi (LI11), Zusanli (ST36) and Feishu (BL13) between 5: 00 and 7: 00 a. m. from 1st day before operation to 3rd day after operation, with disperse-dense wave 2/100 Hz, and the stimulation intensity was the maximum intensity that the patient could tolerate. Patients in group S were also connected to the device without electrical stimulation. Both groups adopted lung-protective ventilation strategy during operation. The oxygenation index was calculated at the time of entering the operating room (T 0), 5 min after anesthesia induction (T 1), 5 min of pneumoperitoneum (T 2), 5 min after changing to Trendelenburg position (T 3) and immediately after the end of pneumoperitoneum (T 4). Peak airway pressure, plateau airway pressure, driving pressure and dynamic lung compliance were recorded at T 0-T 4. The serum concentration of lung Clara cell 16 kDa protein was recorded using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay at T 0, T 4 and 2 h after extubation (T 5). On 1 day before operation and 1, 3 and 7 days after operation, the forced expiratory volume in the first second (FEV 1) and forced vital capacity (FVC) were measured, and the FEV 1/FVC was calculated, and the concentrations of serum tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-6 and cardiopulmonary resuscitation were simultaneously determined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. The occurrence of pulmonary complications within 7 days after operation was recorded. Results:There was no significant difference in pH values, PaCO 2, oxygenation index, peak airway pressure, plateau airway pressure, driving pressure, and dynamic lung compliance at each time point between the two groups ( P>0.05). Compared with S group, the serum Clara cell 16 kDa protein concentrations were significantly decreased at T 5, FEV 1 and FVC were increased at 3 and 7 days after operation, the serum tumor necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-6 and cardiopulmonary resuscitation concentrations were decreased at 1, 3 and 7 days after operation, the incidence of unexpected oxygen supply and total incidence of postoperative pulmonary complications were decreased ( P<0.05), and no significant change was found in FEV 1/FVC at each time point in T group ( P>0.05). Conclusions:TEAS can improve lung function in the patients undergoing robot-assisted radical resection of colon cancer.