Objective To investigate the effect of sevoflurane postconditioning on the renal injury induced by hind limb ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) in rats.Methods Twenty-four healthy male Sprague-Dawley rats,weighing 200-250 g,were randomly assigned into 3 groups (n =8 each):sham operation group (group S),group I/R and sevoflurane group (group Spo).Limb ischemia was induced by occlusion of bilateral hind limbs for 4 h followed by 6 h reperfusion.In group Spo,sevoflurane was inhaled for 6 h at the end-tidal concentration of 2.5 ％ before reperfusion,while pure oxygen was inhaled instead of sevoflurane in groups S and I/R.Blood samples were taken from the inferior vena cava at 6 h of reperfusion to determine the serum blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine (Cr) concentrations.The rats were then sacrificed and the kidney was removed for determination of superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity and contents of malondialdehyde (MDA),tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) and for microscopic examination.Results The levels of BUN,Cr,MDA,TNF-α and IL-6 were significantly higher,the SOD content was significantly lower (P ＜ 0.05),and the pathological damage was severer in groups I/R and Spo than in group S.Compared with group I/R,the levels of BUN,Cr,MDA,TNF-α and IL-6 were significantly decreased,the SOD content was significantly increased (P ＜ 0.05),and the pathological damage was attenuated in group S.Conclusion Sevoflurane postconditioning can reduce the renal injury induced by hind limb I/R in rats,and the reduction of oxygen radical release and inhibition of inflammatory response may be involved in the mechanism.

Objective To evaluate the effects of remifentanil preconditioning on the renal injury induced by limb ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) in rats.Methods Twenty-seven healthy male Sprague-Dawley rats,weighing 200-250 g,were randomly assigned into 3 groups (n =9 each):sham operation group (Sham group),I/R group and remifentanil preconditioning group (RPC group).Limb ischemia was induced by clamping bilateral femoral arteries and veins for 2 h,followed by 24 h reperfusion in I/R and RPC groups.Remifentanil 1.0 μg· kg-1 · min-1 was infused via the caudal vein for 30 min before ischemia in RPC group,while the equal volume of normal saline was given in Sham and I/R groups.Blood sample was taken from the inferior vena cava at 24 h of reperfusion to measure blood urea nitrogen (BUN) and creatinine (Cr) concentrations in serum.The rats were sacrificed and the left kidney was removed for determination of tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) contents,cell apoptosis and microscopic examination of pathological changes.Apoptosis index was calculated.Results Apoptosis index and concentrations of BUN and Cr in serum,TNF-α and IL-6 contents,and apoptosis index were significantly higher,and the pathological changes were more severe in I/R and RPC groups than in Sham group.Compared with group I/R,concentrations of BUN and Cr in serum,TNF-α and IL-6 contents,and apoptosis index were significantly decreased,and the pathological changes were attenuated in RPC group.Conclusion Remifentanil preconditioning can attenuate renal injury induced by limb I/R in rats,and inhibition of inflammatory responses and cell apoptosis in kidney may be involved in the mechanism.

Objective To compare the bronchial blocker and double-lumen tube for one-lung ventilation in patients undergoing esophageal cancer resection.Methods Forty ASA physical status Ⅰ-Ⅲ patients of both sexes,aged 42-63 yr,scheduled for elective esophageal cancer resection,were randomly divided into 2 groups (n =20 each):double-lumen endotracheal tube group (group DLT) and bronchial blocker group (group BB).After induction of anesthesia,the patients were intubated with a left-sided double-lumen endotracheal tube and correct positioning was verified by fiberoptic bronchoscopy in group DLT.After induction of anesthesia,the patients were intubated with a conventional single-lumen endotracheal tube,and then the bronchial blocker was inserted under the guidance of fiberoptic bronchoscope in group BB.The intubation time,one-lung ventilation time,time to achieve lung collapse,operation time,extubation time,tube malposition and hypoxemia were recorded.The lung collapse was scored at the end of operation.Hoarseness and throat sore within 2 days after extubation and pulmonary infections within 7 days after operation were recorded.Results Compared with group DLT,intubation time and time to achieve lung collapse were significantly prolonged,and the incidence of hoarseness and throat sore within 2 days after extubation was decreased in group BB (P ＜ 0.05).There was no significant difference in the one-lung ventilation time,operation time,extubation time,lung collapse score,incidence of tube malposition,hypoxemia and pulmonary infections within 7 days after operation between the two groups (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion The efficacy of bronchial blocker is similar to that of double-lumen tube when used for one-lung ventilation in patients undergoing esophageal cancer resection.

ObjectiveTo explore the pretreatment methods to promote the enzymatic digestion and extraction of active ingredients from Magnoliae Officinalis Cortex dregs（MOCD）， and to provide a reference basis for the utilization of resource components in MOCD. MethodLiquid chromatography-mass spectrometry（LC-MS） was used for qualitative analysis of resource components in MOCD with an Agilent C₁₈ reversed-phase column（3.0 mm×100 mm， 2.7 µm） at the flow rate of 0.4 mL·min^-1， the mobile phase was water（A）-acetonitrile（B） for gradient elution（0-3 min， 25%-48%B； 3-6 min， 48%-59%B； 6-10 min， 59%-80%B； 10-20 min， 80%-90%B； 20-25 min， 90%B）， electrospray ionization（ESI） was employed with negative ion mode scanning and scanning range of m/z 50-1 200. A high performance liquid chromatography（HPLC）， which refered to the determination in the 2020 edition of Chinese Pharmacopoeia， was used for quantitative analysis of resource components in MOCD. Four kinds of pretreatment agents were used to separate the resource components from MOCD， and the mechanism of different pretreatment agents was investigated by field emission scanning electron microscopy（FESEM）， X-ray powder diffraction（XRD） and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy（FT-IR）. ResultMagnolol， honokiol and lignocellulose were identified as the main resource components of MOCD by qualitative and quantitative analysis. Under the conditions of 1% NaOH， reaction temperature at 80 ℃ and reaction time of 60 min， the concentration of reducing sugar produced by the enzymatic hydrolysis was 32.18 g·L^-1， which was 79.8% higher than that of the untreated MOCD. After adding tween-80， the enzymatic hydrolysis time was reduced to 1/3 of the original time， the concentration of reducing sugar was increased by 102.0%. And the total recovery of magnolol and honokiol in the pretreatment solution was 69.23%. ConclusionMagnolol， honokiol and lignocellulosic components in MOCD are valuable for development and utilization， the combination of alkaline pretreatment and tween-80 can realize the recovery and utilization of these three resource components， which can provide a new idea for comprehensive utilization of resource components in MOCD.

Jianwei Xiaoshi tablets， as a common variety of Chinese patent medicine with "one product with many manufacturers"， have many manufacturers and huge market sales. However， the phenomenon about uneven quality and discrepant price is prominent. Based on this， this study was carried out for the quality evaluation of Jianwei Xiaoshi tablets by applying the high-quality evaluation criteria with the quality as core for Chinese patent medicine， which was based on the full production cycle， from the multi-dimension including raw material selection， production process， quality control， post-marketing research and so on. The evaluation results showed that the quality evaluation scores of Jianwei Xiaoshi tablets from different manufacturers varied greatly （ranging from 35 to 66）， indicating that the quality was significantly different. In the actual production， generally inadequate attention was paid to the quality of raw materials， and the quality of raw materials was insufficient with the score ratio of 43%， especially the poor consistency control of them. The role of good manufacturing practice was obvious， and the scores of production process were generally high with the average score ratio of 62%， and the maximum up to 80%. The technological advancement of the manufacturer was outstanding. The score ratio of quality control was only 31% that the internal quality standard of each manufacture almost stayed at the qualified line， which was equal to the national standard， and the consistency of products was insufficient. The post-marketing research was lacking with the score ratio of 37%. Manufacturers with high brand awareness and market share were upper scores， while the others lagged far behind. The results of this evaluation are in line with the overall prediction， which can provide a reference for the high-quality evaluation of Chinese patent medicine， and supply the scientific data for high-quality and high-price application.