As the development of chemotherapy for the non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL), the classical CHOP regimen was not the best regimen for all NHL, and specially, not suitable for high-grade invasive lymphomas, for example, Burkitt lymphoma (BL), lymphoblastic lymphoma (LBL) and mantle cell lymphoma(MCL). The standard regimens of BL include multi-agent, dose-intensive and short treatment duration chemotherapy, such as CODOX-M/IVAC±R and R-Hyper CVAD/MA. Prophylaxis of CNSL is also an important part for BL. LBL should be treated with regimens used in ALL patients. The current chemotherapy strategy for MCL should be that rituximab is combined with regimes including high dose cytarabine induced remission and then consolidated with autologous stem cell transplantation.

Great advances have been made recently in the therapy of chronic lymphocytic leukemia due mainly to the application of novel agents. In the 58th American Society of Hematology Annual Meeting, the latest outcomes of many clinical studies have been reported. The present article will review the reports and focus on the following studies on chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL): the long-term therapeutic outcome of BTKi and the result of combination therapy of BTKi with other agents; the short-term result of bcl-2 inhibitor in CLL; the efficacy of maintenance therapy with lenalidomide in CLL patients; CD19-CAR T-cell therapy achieved good response. Traditional immunochemotherapy with combination of fludarabine, cyclophosphamide and rituximab is still the first-line option for fit patients through long-term follow-up. The allogeneic stem cell transplantation remains a curative strategy for CLL but with stricter indication.

Multiple myloma represents the second most common blood cancer.Although new drugs emerge rapidly,multiple myeloma is still incurable.Drug resistance is one of the main causes of myeloma recurrence and relapse.In this paper,advances about the drug resistance mechanisms reported in the 55th ASH annual meeting are summarized.

Diffuse large B-cell lymphoma is the most common histology of non-Hodgkin lymphoma and is composed of clinically and pathologically heterogeneous group.The ESMO clinical practice guidelines stratified the diseases according to age,age-adjusted IPI and feasibility of dose-intensified approaches.While the regimens suggested by ESMO are almost the same:six to eight cycles of chemotherapy with CHOP combined with rituximah.This article discussed the inadequacies of the guideline according to the recent clinical and pre-clinical studies and the authors' personal experiences.Four deficiencies are outlined:new prognostic factors are not included for the stratification,no therapy adjustmett was advised according to the response,overload therapy for the very-low risk patient,and insufficient therapy for the young,high-risk patients.

Since the human gene code had been broken,the high through-out technologies based on genome-wide analysis have been well developed and extensively applied in cancers,which brought the innovation for the discovery of the pathogenesis and targeted drugs development of the cancer.After the successful application of these technologies in lymphomas,for example,gene expression profile in the diffuse large B cell lymphoma and next-generation sequencing technologies in hairy cell leukemia and Waldentr(o)m's macroglobulinemia,more and more researchers have tried to applied kinds of high through-out technologies in lymphomas,expecting to make improvements for the pathogenesis and prognosis of lymphomas.Many of the results had been reported in the 54th ASH annual meeting.

Humanized monoclonal antibody and CARs have became the focus of treatment in adult acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) at the 55th ASH annual meeting.Treating with chemotherapy plus monoclonal antibody will get a develop effect in relapse/refractory adult ALL.More immune-pharmaceutics will be used in clinical trials.

Marginal zone lymphomas include three subgroups of lymphoma,with differences on etiology,pathogenesis,molecular cytogenetics,prognosis,as well as involved sites.Based on the reports from the latest ASH annual meeting,the present article introduces the uptodate understanding on the three subtypes of MZL.The recent advances on etioloty,pathogenesis,diagnosis and differential diagnosis were reviewed.

With the recent success of B-cell receptor (BCR) signaling pathway inhibitor in the treatment of patients with relapsed or refractory non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL), a number of new agents targeting the BCR signaling pathway are in a clinical research stage. In addition, multiple trials combining these agents with conventional cytotoxic chemotherapy, immunomodulatory agents, monoclonal antibodies, or other kinase inhibitors are underway. Studies have also found the drug resistance of BCR signaling pathway inhibitors, drawing attention of the mechanism and the way to overcome the drug resistance. Combined with the research progress reported in 57th American Society of Hematology (ASH) annual meeting, this article summarized the recent progress of BCR signaling pathway inhibitors and their resistance mechanism to provide new information on clinical therapy.

Lymphoid neoplasms that are derived from natural killer(NK) cells are uncommon but distinct clinicopathologic disease entities.In recent years,the conceptual view of NK cell neoplasms has changed as the result of further understanding of the cell derivations and the characteristics of the malignant counterparts.In this article,we reviewed the recent concepts and progress in clinicopathologic features,pathogenesis,diagnosis,treatment strategies,and outcomes of this group of uncommon neoplasms.

B-cell receptors play an important role in the mechanism of chronic lymphocytic leukemia.Distinct CLL B-cell receptors exhibit particular biological features and behaviors to specific modes of microenvironmental interactions leading to clonal evolution and adverse outcome.