There are many disadvantages in the traditional teaching of pharmacology experiment, so it is difficult to assess students' experimental skills and comprehensive levels. Based on the comprehen-siveness, fairness, objectivity and reciprocity, we put forward a test-system which contains experimental preparation oral, experimental skills, experimental records, experimental reports, design experiments, ordi-nary performance and final experiment theory exam, hoping to provide a reference for the establishment of a new pharmacology experiment course assessment system.

Objective:To explore the effect of Angelica Sinensis Volatile Oil on the mi RNA expression profiling in myocardium tissue of the spontaneously hypertensive rats (SHRs),and to clarify the possible mechanism of Angelica Sinensis Volatile Oil.Methods:All the SHRs were divided into Angelica group,model group and captopril group,and other Wistar rats with the same age were selected as control group.The non-invasive systolic blood pressure was detected;after 4 weeks of administration,the changes of miRNA expression profiling in myocardium tissue were measured by Affymetrix miRNA 4.0 Array.KEGG analysis was used to identify the target genes. Results:Compared with control group,the systolic blood pressure of the rats in model group was significantly decreased (P < 0.05)before treatment.4 weeks after administration,compared with model group,the systolic blood pressure of the rats in Angelica group was significantly decreased (P <0.05).Compared with model group, 29 differential miRNAs of rats in Angelica group were found (P < 0.05 ), with 13 up-regulated miRNAs and 16 down-regulated miRNAs.The KEGG analysis results showed that miR-19a,let-7i,and miR-181c were related to insulin signaling pathways; let-7i, miR-181a, and miR-455 were related to VEGF signaling pathways;miR-122,miR-181a, miR-200b, miR-181c, let-7i, and miR-19a were related to apoptosis (P < 0.05 ). Conclusion:Angelica Sinensis Volatile Oil can decrease the blood pressure in SHRs and it can regulate the blood pressure by regulating the miRNA related to insulin signaling pathways and VEGF signaling pathways.

OBJECTIVETo develop a simple, cheap and efficient restriction endonucleases fingerprinting-single strand conformation polymorphism(REF-SSCP) method applied to screen for mutations in long segments.

METHODSThe genomic DNA of Cx26 gene segment of the patients with deafness was amplified. The amplification products were screened with SSCP and REF-SSCP technique and DNA sequencing to evaluate and compare the effect on detection of mutations in long segments.

RESULTSNo different band was found in 724 bp segment in SSCP examination. Three kinds of different bands were discovered in REF-SSCP examination and the 79 G -->A mutation detected by DNA sequencing were accorded with the REF-SSCP bands entirely. The rate of detection was 100%.

CONCLUSIONThe present REF-SSCP method is applicable to screen mutations in long segment DNA of mass specimens.

Connexin 26 ; Connexins ; genetics ; DNA Fingerprinting ; methods ; DNA Restriction Enzymes ; Deafness ; genetics ; Genetic Testing ; methods ; Humans ; Mutation ; Polymorphism, Single-Stranded Conformational ; Sensitivity and Specificity

Perioperative bleeding and blood product transfusion can increase the incidence of com-plications and mortality in patients.Optimizing blood management strategies can reduce perioperative risks,improve outcomes,and reduce healthcare costs.Prophylactic use of tranexamic acid(TXA)is an important component of perioperative blood management(PBM)strategies.TXA is an antifibrinolytic agent that com-petitively inhibits the activation of plasminogen,reducing surgical or traumatic bleeding and subsequently the amount of transfused blood during the perioperative period.It has been widely used in various types of surgeries in adults.However,experience in using TXA in the perioperative period in children is mostly based on adult data,and there are fewer pharmacokinetic studies on the use of TXA in children.The precise use of TXA in children has not yet been fully clarified.This article focuses on children and provides a review of TXA's pharmacological properties,methods of use in the perioperative period in children,and adverse re-actions.It aims to provide guidance on how to use TXA in perioperative blood protection in children and re-duce its complications.

Objective:To assess the feasibility and safety of 2-staged hybrid technique for treating coronary artery disease (CAD) patients with multi-vessel lesions.
Methods: Our research included 2 groups:Hybrid group, CAD patients with left anterior descending artery (LAD) lesion or with other major epicardial vessel stenosis>70%who received 2-staged hybrid treatment in our hospital from 2012-03 to 2015-03 and Control group, CAD patients received elective conventional off-pump coronary artery bypass (OPCAB) by the same surgeon at meanwhile. n=91 in each group. The peri-operative conditions and complications were compared between two groups.
Results: Compared with Control group, Hybrid group had the shorter post-operative mechanical ventilation time (7.9 ± 4.8) h vs (21.6 ± 35.9) h, shorter ICU-stay time (29.6 ± 20.8) h vs (47.5 ± 38.3) h, all P<0.01 and less peri-operative blood transfusion (0.59 ± 1.48) U vs (2.82 ± 3.81) U, P<0.01. The post-operative complications of mortality, MI occurrence and delayed wound healing were similar between 2 groups, P>0.05.
Conclusion:2-staged hybrid technique is a safe, feasible and minimally invasive technique for treating CAD patients with LAD and multi-vessel lesions.

To investigate the effects of miRNA-10b(miR-10b)on breast cancer proliferation and apoptosis in MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231, the miR-10b mimics used to increase the endogenous expression of miR-10b, and miR-10b inhibitor used to decrease the endogenous expression of miR-10b, were stably transfected into MCF-7 and MDA-MB-231 breast cancer cells. The expression level of miR-10b was determined by real-time PCR. The effects of miR-10b on proliferation were evaluated by MTT assay, while cell cycle assay and the apoptosis rate were measured by flow cytometry. Bioinformatic software was used to predict the potential targets of miR-10b, and 3′UTR luciferase reporter and qRT-PCR assay were used to verify a direct target of miR-10b. The expression levels of caspase-3 and p21 protein were measured by Western blot. Results confirmed that over-expression of miR-10b could promote the proliferation of breast cancer cells and inhibit the apoptosis by up-regulating the endogenous miR-10b, while the miR-10b inhibitor could restrain the proliferation of breast cancer cells and increase the apoptosis by reducing the endogenous miR-10b. In conclusion, miR-10b could negatively regulate the expression of caspase-3 and p21 by targeting TP53INP1, hence highlighting its potential as an oncogene in breast cancer cells.

Objective: To observe the midterm outcomes of“2-staged”hybrid coronary revascularization (HCR) for treating the patients with multi-vessel coronary artery disease (CAD) and to evaluate the feasibility, safety and effcacy of“2-staged”HCR.
Methods: A total of 73 relevant patients received elective “2-staged” HCR in our hospital from 2012-01 to 2014-06 were studied. There were 50 (68.5%) male and 23 (31.5%) female at the age of (61.1±10.7) years and all patients had multi coronary artery lesions including left anterior descending (LAD) artery. The key points of“2-staged”HCR were as follows:double-chamber intubation with general anesthesia, small incision between 4-5 ribs of left front thorax, take left internal mammary artery (LIMA) by direct view and make anastomosis of LIMA and LAD with heartbeat. At (3-5) days post-minimally invasive direct coronary artery bypass (MIDCAB), coronary angiography (CAG) was conducted to confirm that LIMA-LAD bypass vessel was unobstructed; then percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) was performed in non-LAD coronary artery for stent implantation. Post-operative echocardiography, chest X-ray and ECG were examined in each year;coronary CTA or CAG would be taken if the patients with myocardial ischemia.
Results: All patients finished“2-staged”HCR smoothly and no operative death occurred. The average surgical time was (152.9±43.8) min and (2.6±0.5) coronary branches were treated, total post-operative drainage volume was (558.6±441.3) ml, red blood cell transfusion was (0.8±1.9) U, mechanical ventilation time was (10.5±13.0) h. The interval between MIDCAB and PCI was (5.3±2) days and (1.6±0.7) stents was implanted. During post-operative follow-up period, there 1 (1.4%) patient died, 3 (4.1%) with recurrent myocardial ischemia, 1 (1.4%) with in-stent restenosis and received PCI again, 4 (5.5%) with MACCE.
Conclusion: “2-staged”HCR is a safe and feasible operation with satisfactory peri-operative and mid-term outcomes;it is suitable for the patients with multi-vessel CAD including severe LAD lesions.

Objective:To explore the current situation of nurses′growth mindset ability and study its related influencing factors, so as to serve as a reference for improving nurses′ growth mindset ability.Methods:This was a cross-sectional survey, and 310 nurses from 5 tertiary hospitals in Shandong Province, Shanghai City, and Guangdong Province were selected as the survey subjects from April to June 2022 using convenience sampling method. The General Information Questionnaire, the Nurses′ Growth Mindset Assessment Scale, the Psychological Adaptability Self-Assessment Scale, the Chinese Big Five Personality Inventory Brief Version and the Team Psychological Safety Atmosphere Scale were used to investigate the growth mindset ability of nurses and its influencing factors.Results:Finally, 307 valid questionnaires were collected. There were 46 males and 261 females, aged 20-50 years old. The scores of the Nurses′ Growth Mindset Assessment Scale were (108.89 ± 29.32) points, the scores of the Psychological Adaptability Self-Assessment Questionnaire were 10.0(0.0, 20.0) points, the scores of the Chinese Big Five Personality Inventory Brief Scale were (162.37±43.82) points, and the scores of the Team Psychological Safety Atmosphere Scale were (55.84 ± 15.12) points. The highest education level ( B = 0.028, P = 0.040), professional title ( B = 0.033, P = 0.032), family economic support ( B = 0.025, P = 0.048), Chinese big five personality ( B = 0.039, P = 0.037), team psychological safety atmosphere ( B = 0.600, P<0.001) and psychological adaptability ( B = 0.313, P<0.001) had a significant effect on nurses′ growth mindset ability. Conclusions:The growth mindset ability of nurses is at the upper middle level, and the educational background, professional title, family economic support, personality characteristics, team psychological safety atmosphere and psychological adaptability of nurses are the significant influencing factors. Hospitals, social and health education systems can combine influencing factors to provide a harmonious working atmosphere for nurses, focusing on the improvement of nurses′ academic qualifications and the promotion of professional titles, cultivating nurses′ psychological adaptability, improving nurses′growth mindset ability, and improving the overall quality of the nursing service team.

AIM:To establish the rat model of ischemic chronic heart failure by coronary artery ligation combining with exhaustive swimming.METHODS:40 adult rats were treated with coronary artery ligation,after 4 weeks cardiac function measurement were conducted by ultrasonography.Rats with LVEF below 40％ are considered as successful model duplication.11 rats were collected for the coronary artery ligation group,while the rest (whose LVEF were bigger than 40％) were pushed to swim for 1h per day by 15 days to promote the model formation which 8 rats were collected for exhaustion with ligation group.Left ventricular function indexes,brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) and cardiac histomorphologic changing were checked,and compared with the Control group (10 rats).RESULTS:LVEF of exhaustion with ligation group was (38.70 ± 10.10) ％,coronary artery ligation group (39.20 ± 11.10)％,which was obviously decreasing (P ＜ 0.01) compared with that of the control group (84.60 ± 3.64) ％.LVEDP of exhaustion with ligation group was (11.5 ± 1.3) mm Hg,coronary artery ligation group [(10.68 ± 4.45)mm Hg],which was obviously increasing (P ＜ 0.01)compared with that of the Control group [(4.4 ± 0.2) mm Hg].The BNP level of exhaustion with ligation group was (561.0 ± 21.0) μg/L,coronary artery ligation group (548.6 ± 25.8) μg/L,which was obviously increasing (P ＜0.01) compared with that of control group [(366.2 ± 21.8) μg/L].There are lots of red myocardial cells with stripe clear in the control group based on Masson's trichrome staining,but there are so many blue collagenous fibers instead of myocardial cells in exhaustion with ligation group and coronary artery ligation group.The standard-reaching rate of model was about 35％ at 4 weeks after operation,while final standard-reaching rate rose to about 62％ after exhausting swimming.Although the difference between the indexes of the coronary artery ligation group and the post ligation group was not significant,the rate of improvement was significant (P ＜ 0.01).CONCLUSION:Ligation of coronary artery combined with swimming exhaustion can establish ischemic chronic heart failure model,which is more economic and can obtain high success rate,thus is suitable to generalization.

Objective:To examine the safety and efficacy of minimally invasive coronary surgery-coronary artery bypass grafting (MICS-CABG).Methods:From the first case in November 2015 to November 2019, a total of 244 cases of MICS-CABG were performed in Department of Cardiovascular Surgery, Peking University Third Hospital. There were 197 males and 47 females, aging (62.3±8.7)years (range: 36 to 88 years). The operations were performed via the 5 th intercostal space of left thoracic lateral incision (length: 4 to 5 cm extended for 8 to 10 cm), and were performed under off-pump, with the help of the chest wall suspension device and cardiac fixator. The proximal anastomosis on ascending aorta and the distal anastomosis of left anterior descending branch, circumflex branch and right coronary system were completed according to procedure. In all 244 cases, the proportion of 2 grafts was 53.7% (131 cases), 3 grafts was 36.1% (88 cases), 4 grafts was 9.8% (24 cases) and 5 grafts was 0.4% (1 case). The average of grafts was 2.6±0.7 (range: 2 to 5). The proportion of hybrid was 14.3% (35 cases), sequential bypass procedure was 43.0% (105 cases) and multiple artery grafts was 25.4% (62 cases). The perioperative complications of the patients were collected, the patency rate of the grafts was evaluated by coronary angiography or CT within 7 days after the operation, and main adverse cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events (MACCE) were followed up. The survival curve was drawn by Kaplan-Meier method, and the 1-year MACCE rate was calculated by survival analysis. Results:All cases had no transition to thoracotomy and cardiopulmonary bypass procedure, and no cases needed intra aortic balloon pumping and extracorporeal membrane oxygenation during the operation.There were 2 cases of poor incision healing, and reoperation was performed in 10 cases (6 cases of postoperative bleeding, 2 cases of incision debridement, and 2 cases of grafts problems). The rate of MACCE in 30 days was 2.6% (10 cases), which contained 3 cases of death (2 cases of grafts occlusion, 1 case of serious hemorrhage after thoracic puncture drainage), 3 cases of stroke and 5 cases of non-fatal myocardial infarction. By the re-examination of angiography in 7 days after operation, the overall patency of the grafts was 96.1%, and the patency of the left anterior descending was 98.6%. Kaplan-Meier survival analysis was conducted for 235 patients (96.3%) with 1 to 36 months follow-up results, and the 1-year MACCE rate was 5.6% (95 %CI: 4.2% to 7.0%) . There was no significant difference among the incidences of MACCE at each stage of learning curve. Surgeon could reduce the operation time and complete more anastomosis with the accumulation of experience after the early 30 cases. Conclusions:MICS-CABG can safely achieve completed revascularization, which has good operative effects in short and medium-long term. There is no significant risk in the early cases of learning curve.