A Review] The neuroendocrine-immunoregulatory network is fundamental to the maintenance of homeostasis. In this article, the authors present an overview of the role of neuroimmunoregulatory mechanism in the occurance and development of some diseases, which may have important therapeutic implication for the clinics.

Animals ; Epithelial Cells ; cytology ; drug effects ; Humans ; Kidney Tubules ; cytology ; drug effects ; Oleanolic Acid ; analogs & derivatives ; pharmacology ; Podocytes ; drug effects

Objective To investigate the value of virtual colonoscopy in the diagnosis of malignant and benign lesions in the colon. Methods CT colography was performed in 37 patients. Patients included 20 cases colon polyps, 6 cases colon cancer, 4 cases diverticulum, 5 cases ulcerative colitis and 2 cases other benign lesions. The colon lesions were evaluated with 2D and 3D images, depending on individual software. Results were compared with colonoscopy for each case. Results 17 cases colon polyps, 6 cases colon cancer, 4 cases diverticulum, 2 cases ulcerative colitis were detected by CTC. Conclusion CT virtual colography is a promising technique for the detection of colorectal lesions. This procedure is minimal invasive and fast, causes mild patient discomfort.

Objective To evaluate the effect of various herniorraphy in treating inguinal hernia. Methods The clinical data of 108 patients who underwent conventional Bassini herniorraphy (BH), tension free herniorraphy (TH), or laparoscopic herniorraphy (LH),respectively were analysed and comparated. Results The operation time in TH was less than that in BH, and in LH was longer than that in TH. The ability recovery, hospita stay and postoperative complication in TH and LH were less than those in BH.All the patients were followed up for at least 1 year.Of them, 1 recurred after BH, but there was no recurrence after TH and LH. The blood neutrophils, serum level of fibrin, C-reactive protein and alpha-1 antitrypsin increased significantly in the patients undergoing herniorraphy, which were significantly higher in the patients underwent TH and LH. Conclusions The curative effect of TH and LH is much better than that of BH in treating ingumal hernia. Application of marlex for herniorraphy might increase inflammation response, but it will not increase the incidence of infection.

The aim of this work was to investigate guar gum/ethylcellulose mix coated pellets for potential colon-specific drug delivery. The coated pellets, containing 5-fluorouracil as a model drug, were prepared in a fluidized bed coater by spraying the aqueous/ethanol dispersion mixture of guar gum and ethylcellulose. The lag time of drug release and release rate were adjustable by changing the ratio of guar gum to ethylcellulose and coat weight gain. In order to find the optimal coating formulation that was able to achieve drug targeting to the colon, the effect of two independent variables (the ratio of guar gum to ethylcellulose and the coat weight gain) on drug release characteristics was studied using 3×4 factorial design and response surface methodology. Results indicated that drug release rate decreased as the proportion of ethylcellulose in the hybrid coat and the coat weight gain increased. When the ratio of guar gum to ethylcellulose was kept in the range of 0.2 to 0.7, and the coat weight gain in the range of 250% to 500%, the coated pellets can keep intact for about 5 h in upper gastrointestine and achieve colon-specific drug delivery. The pellets prepared under optimal conditions resulted in delayed-release sigmoidal patterns with T5% (time for 5% drug release) of 5.1-7.8 h and T90% (time for 90% drug release) of 9.8-16.3 h. Further more, drug release was accelerated and T90% of the optimum formulation pellets decreased to 9.0-14.5 h in pH 6.5 phosphate buffer with hydrolase. It is concluded that mixed coating of guar gum and ethylcellulose is able to provide protection of the drug load in the upper gastrointestinal tract, while allowing enzymatic breakdown of the hybrid coat to release the drug load in the colon.

Objective To evaluate effect of en bloc resection of malignant sacral tumor involving partial sacrum and ipsilateral sacroiliac joint with reservation of contralateral sacral foramina.Methods Between February 2005 and July 2010,16 patients with malignant sacral tumor involving partial sacrum and ipsilateral sacroiliac joint underwent hemi-sacrectomy and functional reconstruction.The operation achieved en bloc resection of tumor with reservation of contralateral sacral foramina.There were 10 males and 6 females,aged from 17 to 70 years (average,37.9 years).There were 5 cases of chondrosarcoma,3 cases of Ewing's sarcoma,2 cases of malignant schwannoma,2 cases of osteosarcoma,1 case of malignant giant cell tumor of bone,1 case of lymphoma and 2 cases of metastatic tumor.Results The surgical time ranged from 4 to 11.5 hours (average,6.5 hours).The average blood loss was 3600 ml (range,1500 to 5500 ml).Five patients underwent type Ⅰ resection,while 11 patients underwent type Ⅱ resection.All patients were followed up for 21 to 59 months (average,34.4 months).Three months after operation,13 patients had difficulty with ankle plantar flexion,while sphincter function was more or less reserved in 16 patients.Four patients (25％)had wound healing complications,which was cured after debridement and drainage.Local recurrence occurred in 7 patients.There were 5 cases of local recurrence among 6 patients who had intralesional margin;4 recurrence lesions located in the sacrum and 1 in soft tissue.Eight patients (50.0％) survived without tumor,2 patients (12.5％)survived with tumor,and 6 patients (37.5％) died of tumor.Conclusion The en bloc resection of tumor involving partial sacrum and ipsilateral sacroiliac joint with reservation of contralateral sacral foramina was feasible and had better outcome compared with total sacrectomy.

This paper presents a case of post-pancreatitis diabetes mellitus with seriously damaged islet function. The blood glucose level was successfully controlled by continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion ( CSII )therapy both in short and long terms.

This study aims to compare the urate-lowering response rate of febuxostat and allopurinol in gout patient using a model-based meta-analysis. The literature search identified 22 clinical trials of gout with a total of 43 unique treatment arms that met our inclusion criteria, and a total of 6 365 gout patients were included in the study. The response rates of allopuriol and febuxostat were characterized by Tmax model and Emax model respectively, and the effect of baseline serum uric acid (sUA) and patient type on the drug effect was tested. The results showed that allopurinol can reach an average maximum response rate of 50.8% while febuxostat can reach a 100% response rate within a very short time, and the ED50 was 34.3 mg. Covariate analysis revealed that baseline sUA has a negative effect on response rate of allopurinol, and a positive effect on the predicted ED50 of febuxostat. For patients who had shown inadequate response to prior allopurinol treatment, the average response rate was about half that of the allopurinol responder patients.
Allopurinol ; therapeutic use ; Febuxostat ; Gout ; blood ; drug therapy ; Gout Suppressants ; therapeutic use ; Humans ; Thiazoles ; therapeutic use ; Uric Acid ; blood

Objective To investigate the relationship between expression of cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2), Bcl-2 and chemosensitivities in lymph node metastases (LNMs) of gastric carcinoma. Methods The chemosenisitivities to 9 drugs were measured by MTT assay, and the expression of COX-2, Bcl-2 was determined immunohistochemically in 40 paired primary tumor (PT) and lymph node metastases(LNMs)of gastric carcinoma. Results The positive rate of COX-2 and Bcl-2 in PT were 52.5%, 45.0% respectively, and in LNMs, the positive rate were 72.5% and 60.0%. The expression of COX-2 was higher in LNMs than in PT(χ~2=4, P<0.05). There was no statistically difference in the expression of Bcl-2 between PT and LNMs(χ~2=3, P>0.05). There was positive correlation of COX-2, Bcl-2 between PT and LNMs(r=0.3403, 0.4560, beth P<0.05). There was positive correlation between COX-2 and Bcl-2 in PT and LNMs (r=0.6014, 0.5330, both P<0.01). In PT the inhibition rate for 5-FU, VCR and eADM in COX-2 high expression group were lower than those in low expression group (t=2.29, 2.18, 2.41, all P< 0.05). The inhibition rate to 5-FU, PTX and eADM was significantly lower for the Bcl-2 high expression group in PT (t=2.46, 2.23, 2.22, all P<0.05). In LNMs, there were lower inhibition rates for VCR and MTX in COX-2 strong expression group (t=2.17, 2.35, both P<0.05); the inhibition rates to 5-FU, VP-16, PTX and MTX were significantly lower for the Bcl-2 strong expression group in LNMs (t=2.32, 2.29, 2.50, 2.25, all P<0.05). Conclusions COX-2 and Bcl-2 are involved in MDR of gastric carcinoma. The LNMs of gastric carcinoma are heterogeneous with respect to expression of COX-2, Bcl-2 and response to chemosensitivities. Effective adjuvant chemotherapy in gastric carcinoma depends on targeting the metastatic component of the tumor.

Objectivo To analyze urine organic acids in the urine using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC/MS)for diagnosis of inherited metabolic diseases,especially for organic acids metabolic disorders.Methods 195 clinical urine samples from the patients with suspected organic acids metabolic disorders and 5 normal urine from adults were collected.After mixing some urine with intemal standards according to the concentration creatinine and adding hydroxylamine hydrochloride to mixture,the organic acids with hydroxyl group were oximated to the ketobodies.Organic acids were extracted twice with ethyl acetate and ethyl ether and derivatized with BSTFA-TMCS.An the organic acids were determined with Agilent GC/MS 6890/5973i with scan model.the mass-to-charge ratio range is 50-550 m/z,all data were nalyzed with Agilent GCMSD ChemStationG1701DA.We also investigated the linearity, accurate,precision.recovery and Carry-over by determining the internal standards in normal samples and positive organic acids in spiked control samples.Results More than one hundred kinds of organic acids in urine samples can be analyzed with this method.According to the two internal standards in normal urine samples,the minimal detection limit MMA and 2.PA was 2.5-2.8 μmol/L.Intra-and interassay coefficient of variation for MMA and 2-PA are both less than 10%.Pre-processing Interassay coefficient by sequential preparations of the same sample was 14%.The recoveries of the spiked samples were 95%-105%.Carryover analysis was less than 1%.All the parameters meet the requirement for clinical diagnosis.12 samples demonstrated positive including 6 cases of methylmalonic acidemia,1 case of propionic acidemia,3 cases of tyrosinemia Ⅰ,1 case of maple syrup urine disease and 1 cases of ketosis.Conclusions The method for the determination of organic acids in urine by GC/MS has been successfully established.It can be used for clinical screening and diagnosis for inherited genetic metabolic diseases.