Objective This article aims to provide mechanisms and recent developments of molecular biology pertaining to re-sistance of Enterococci,providing rapid approaches for detecting resistant strains.Methods This article reviewed recent lit-eratures on resistance of Enterococci and a systemic analysis was conducted.Results Common detecting methods include polymerase chain reaction (PCR),pulsed field gel electrophoresis (PFGE),multilocus sequence typing (MLST)and South-ern blot.There also exist less widely-used methods such as pyrosequencing and genechip technique,which may prove effi-cient in some aspects.Conclusion Every method has its advantages and disadvantages.This article discussed how to utilize these methods to achieve their maximum capabilities.

Objective To evaluate the differences of serum TSH of suspicious subclinical hypothyroidism determined by four automatic biochemical analyzers and the impact on clinical diagnosis and treatment.Methods Taking results of Roche Cobas e601 laboratory test as a reference, 103 serum samples with TSH 2.50-10.00 mU/L(90 with TSH≥4.27 mU/L) and normal FT3, FT4 were selected.Four different automatic biochemical analyzers (Cobas e601, Immulite2000, Centaur XP, I2000) were used to measure TSH of the serum samples at the same time.Wilcoxon signed rank test, Spearman correlation analysis were used for data analysis.Results TSH (M(P25, P75)) measured by 4 methods were 5.20(4.73, 6.40), 2.95(2.59, 3.48), 3.30(2.94, 4.15) and 4.10(3.43, 4.75) mU/L, which varied significantly from one assay to another (z values:-8.78,-8.41,-7.64,-8.09,-8.50, all P<0.05).The correlations between methods were of great differences (rs ranged from 0.45 to 0.92).Significant differences existed in each other for subclinical hypothyroidism diagnosis based on TSH cutoff respectively.Conclusion Results from different automatic immunoassay analyzers in patients with TSH of 2.50-10.00 mU/L varied widely, hence, it is indeterminate to diagnose subclinical hypothyroidism only relies on a single serum TSH test.

A method has been developed for the determination of stimulants in products of nutritional supplement. The stimulants in the samples were extracted with a solution of sodium hydroxide and then cleaned up by liquid -liquid partitioning.The extracted stimulants were analyzed by gas chromatography with HP-5capilary column and detected by the Nitrogen-Phosphorus detector (NPD). The results showed that the method had good purifying effect with high sensitivity. The operation was also simple and quick. The detection limit ranged from 5 to 40 ?g/L and the average recovery rate was 75.4%～143.1% with relative standard deviations (RSDs) ranged from 0.27% to 5.5%.

Objective To determine the content of icariin and flavonids in Epimedium koreanum Nakai of different place of production and different pharmaceutical genetic in Liaoning Province. Methods Icariin was used as the chemical reference substance to establish HPLC and ultraviolet spectrophotometry methods for content determination of icariin and total flavonoids. Results The content of icariin in leaves was from 0.197% to 0.347%,and in stem was from 0.043% to 0.050%. The content of total flavonids in leaves was from 6.68% to 8.85%,and in stem was from 1.3% to 2.7%. The calibration curves of icariin was in good linearity over the range of 0.3～1.8 ?g (r=0.999 9) and total flavonids was 0.5～3 ?g/mL (r=0.999 9). The average recovery of icariin was 99.43% (n=6,RSD=0.29%) and total flavonids was 100.38% (n=9,RSD= 1.60%). Conclusions The content of flavonids in Epimedium koreanum Nakai of different place of production and different pharmaceutical genetic has large difference,the content in leaves is far higher than in stem.

3 d) was only 1 in each. Conclusions In prevention or treatment of NRDS with PS,prophylactive indome-(thacin) reduces the rate of PDA,pulmonary hemorrhage and early death in preterm infants.

A nitrite electrochemical sensor based on electrodeposition of zirconium dioxide nanoparticles on reduced graphene oxide modified electrode was successfully constructed for the detection of nitrite. The electrochemical behavior of the modified electrode was investigated by cyclic voltammetry and amperometric i-t curve. Under the optimal conditions, the amperometric i-t curve response of the electrode showed a linear relationship with nitrite concentration in the range of 3.0×10Symbolm_7-1.0×10Symbolm_6 mol/L and 1.0×10Symbolm_6-6.0×10Symbolm_6 mol/L, and the detection limit was 1.0×10Symbolm_7 mol/L (S/N=3). The fabricated sensor exhibited high sensitivity, good stability and high reproducibility. This sensor was applied for the detection of nitrite in sausage samples with favorable recoveries of 93.7％-110.4％ and relative standard deviation (RSD) of 1.6％-2.1％.

Objective To compare the consistence and difference between the assay results of the second generation of Tg (Tg Ⅱ) and the first generation of Tg (Tg Ⅰ) immunoassay,as well as to evaluate the impact of Tg Ⅱ on the clinical management of thyroid diseases.Methods Serum samples of 249 patients (30 with benign thyroid disorders and 219 with DTC;64 males and 185 females,average age 43.0 years)were collected and assayed by Tg Ⅱ and TgⅠ kits simultaneously.The measuring ranges of TgⅠ and TgⅡ were 0.10-1 000.00 μg/L and 0.04-500.00 μg/L,respectively.Data were analyzed by the Wilcoxon rank sum test and Spearman correlation analysis using IBM SPSS 19.0.Results The assay results of TgⅡ and TgⅠ strongly correlated (rs =0.979,P＜0.05).However,the median value of TgⅡ (2.31 (0.06-13.17) μg/L) was lower than that of TgⅠ(3.63(0.41-16.84) μg/L)(z=-13.25,P＜0.001).The difference between Tg Ⅱ and Tg Ⅰ got bigger when TgⅠ value decreased more.TgⅡ values were 11.09％ lower than TgⅠ (5.61(1.07-26.39) μg/L) vs 6.31(2.07-33.93) μg/L;z=-4.78,P＜0.05) in 30 patients with benign thyroid disorders and 37.71％ lower (2.18(0.07-7.47) μ.g/L) vs 3.50(0.39-10.18) μg/L;z=-9.02,P＜0.001) in 108 DTC patients without 131 Ⅰ treatment.But the above changes had no influence on clinical diagnosis and treatment.In the 71 DTC patients post 131Ⅰ treatment with low TSH and normal TgAb,there were 3 cases with TgⅠ＞1.0 μg/L but TgⅡ＜1.0μg/L,and 12 cases with TgⅠ＞0.1 μg/L but TgⅡ＜0.04 μg/L.Conclusions Serum TgⅡand Tg Ⅰ assay results are strongly correlated,though Tg Ⅱ value is slightly lower than Tg Ⅰ value.This difference may have no significant influence on the clinical diagnosis of thyroid diseases.However,TgⅡ may be better to evaluate the curative effect in some DTC patients post 131Ⅰ therapy.

In the present study ,we aimed to observe the effect of curcumin on TSST-1-induced inflammatory cytokines in splenocytes of mouse and provide evidence for the further study on the effect of curcumin on inflammatory shock .Lactate de-hydrogenase (LDH) release assay was used to determine cytotoxicity of different doses of TSST-1 and curcumin .Inflammatory cytokines were determined by ELISA and flow cytometry .The doses of TSST-1 and curcumin we used in the present study did not cause significant cytotoxicity .TSST-1 induced higher level of IFN-γand IL-2 production but relatively lower level of TNF-α.The production of IL-1β,IL-6 and IL-12 was undetectable .TSST-1 induced Th1 cytokines (IFN-γand IL-2) were not IL-12-dependent which was different from LPS-induced IFN-γ.Curcumin significantly reduced IFN-γand TNF-αproduction at the concentration of 15 umol/L (P<0 .05) ,but had no effect on IL-2 production (P>0 .05) .It’s suggested that curcumin could significantly inhibit the production of IFN-γand TNF-αby splenocytes induced by TSST-1 ,but could not affect the prolifera-tion of T cells .

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Child ; Female ; Humans ; Imaging, Three-Dimensional ; Male ; Maxillary Artery ; diagnostic imaging ; Middle Aged ; Pterygopalatine Fossa ; diagnostic imaging ; Tomography, Spiral Computed ; Young Adult

Choroid Plexus Neoplasms ; pathology ; Female ; Humans ; Infant ; Lateral Ventricles ; pathology