The hybrid PET/MR has a unique advantage of simultaneous scanning of both PET and MRI images,which has been gradually applied in clinical practice.In the clinical studies of severe brain diseases (such as cerebrovascular disease,brain tumor and epilepsy),accurate quantification of cerebral blood flow (CBF) can help to understand the etiology,pathogenesis,and to make early diagnosis as well as therapeutic solutions.The hybrid PET/MR can implement a noninvasive,convenient and accurate method of arterial input function for quantification of CBF.The application of the hybrid PET/MR in quantification of cerebral blood flow were reviewed in this article.

Animals ; Blood Pressure ; drug effects ; Chlorpyrifos ; toxicity ; Hypothermia ; chemically induced ; physiopathology ; Pesticides ; toxicity ; Rats ; Rats, Inbred LEC

Acute Disease ; Adolescent ; Female ; Heart Neoplasms ; complications ; Humans ; Hypertrophy, Left Ventricular ; etiology ; Myocardial Infarction ; etiology ; Myxoma ; complications

Adolescent ; Anti-Asthmatic Agents ; therapeutic use ; Asthma ; blood ; drug therapy ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Female ; Glucocorticoids ; therapeutic use ; Humans ; Infant ; Interleukin-23 ; blood ; Male

This paper employed UPLC-Electrospray Ionization /Quadrupole-Time of Flight-Mass /Mass Spectrometry( UPLC-ESI/Q-TOF-MS/MS) to analyze the chemical constituents in the stems of Nelumbo nucifera. The stems of N. nucifera were extracted with 75% methanol, and we applied an Agilent Zorbax SB-Aq column (2.1 mm x 100 mm, 1.8 μm) to UPLC analysis with water methanol-water( containing 0.05% formic acid) in gradient as mobile phase. The eluates were then detected by ESI-Q-TOF-MS/MS. Results indicated that 22 benzylisoquinoline alkaloids were indendified. Among them, one alkaloid may be a new compound and a component was found in the Lotus for the first time. We fully identify the composition of the Lotus stems for the first time, Which could provides theoretical foundation for further study and utilization of the medicinal resources.
Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; methods ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; Molecular Structure ; Nelumbo ; chemistry ; Plant Stems ; chemistry ; Tandem Mass Spectrometry ; methods

Angiomatosis ; complications ; pathology ; Brain ; blood supply ; Brain Diseases ; complications ; pathology ; Brain Neoplasms ; complications ; pathology ; Epilepsy ; etiology ; pathology ; surgery ; Ganglioglioma ; complications ; pathology ; Humans ; Malformations of Cortical Development ; classification ; complications ; pathology ; Meninges ; blood supply

Animals ; Female ; Gonads ; physiopathology ; Hypothermia ; chemically induced ; physiopathology ; Male ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Sex Factors ; Soman ; adverse effects ; pharmacology

Adolescent ; Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Child ; Female ; Humans ; Imaging, Three-Dimensional ; Male ; Maxillary Artery ; diagnostic imaging ; Middle Aged ; Pterygopalatine Fossa ; diagnostic imaging ; Tomography, Spiral Computed ; Young Adult

Objective To investigate the effect of intralesional lauromacrogol therapy on infantile hemangioma.Methods 30 cases all received intralesional injection of lauromacrogol.The changes of tumor size,texture and color were monitored and recorded.The adverse effects after medication were observed and managed accordingly.The adverse effects after medication were observed.The times of treatment were determined according to degree of reduction of tumor volume.To assess the efficacy,a 4 scales system was adopted.Results All patients had completed the treatment and followup.The overall response was scale Ⅰ in 2 cases (6.7 ％),scale Ⅱ efficacy in 4 patients (13.3 ％),scale Ⅲ efficacy in 5 cases (16.7 ％) and scale Ⅳ in 19 cases (63.3 ％).The smaller the tumor,the fewer the times of treatment,and the better the results.The effects of treatment were better if patient could be treated by intralesional lauromacrogol therapy in early stage.No severe adverse effects were observed during 6 months of follow-up.Conclusions Intralesional injection of lauromacrogol sclerotherapy is a safe and effective way to treat infantile hemangioma.

Obgective To analyze the relevant risk factors of recurrent wheezing(≥3 attacks) in the first 3 years of life.Methods Wheezing,respiratory sounds,risk factor were used as key words to retrieve papers in Chinese literature databases including Sinomed,Wanfang and Weipu databases.The same strategy was used to retrieve English papers in English literature databases including PubMed,Cochrane library and Embase.Time range was from 31th May 2004 to 1 rd June 2014.The execution of quality evaluation of the included documents was in compliance with Newcastle-Ottawa Scale and cross-sectional study standard recommended by Agency for Healthcare Research and Quality.The evidence quality evaluation was conducted with GRADEpro and followed by the Meta analysis with RevMan 5.2.R~ults A total of 13 studies were included in this Meta-analysis.Several factors were related to recurrent wheezing episodes,including risk factors such as maternal smoking during pregnancy (OR =1.47,95％ CI:1.30-1.66),asthma in parents (OR =1.94,95 ％ CI:1.72-2.19),family history of atopy (OR =1.94,95％ CI:1.72-2.19),male (OR =1.42,95 ％ CI:1.19-1.69),history of eczema (OR =2.36,95 ％ CI:1.69-3.30),colds (＞ 6 times) (OR =2.02,95 ％ CI:1.54-2.64),history of bronchopneumonia (OR =1.85,95 ％ CI:1.46-2.34),exposure to cigarette smoking(OR =2.30,95％ CI:1.68-3.14),daycare attendance(OR =2.27,95％ CI:1.97-2.60);Education received by the mother ＞ 12 years (OR =0.80,95％ CI:0.70-0.92) was the protective factor.Conclusions The risk factors of recurrent wheezing(≥3 attacks) in the first 3 years of life are maternal smoking during pregnancy,asthma in parents,family history of atopy,male,history of eczema,colds (＞ 6 times),history of bronchopneumonia,exposure to cigarette smoking and daycare attendance.The protective factor is education received by the mother ≥ 12 years.The prerequisite in precaution of infants recurrent wheezing is to ensure the utmost avoidance of hazardous factors and reinforcement of protective factors.