Objective Through monitoring esophageal dynamic change,and detection of laryngopharyngeal reflux(LPR) and gastroesophageal reflux events,to discuss the relationship of vocal cord polyps with laryngopharyngeal reflux.Methods Thirty-two patients with vocal cord polyps were diagnosed by electronic laryngoscopy in Nanfang Hospital between October 2011 to May 2012.This study applied highresolution esophageal manometry (HRM) and ambulatory 24-hour multichannel intraluminal impedance-pH monitoring(MII-pH) to obtain the upper esophageal sphincter (UES) and lower esophageal sphincter pressure,characteristics of sectional esophageal motility; laryngopharyngeal reflux (LPR) and gastroesophageal reflux events,as well as the reflux properties of substances.Sixteen healthy volunteers were recruited as normal controls.Results UES relaxation duration,duration of UES relaxation time,UES relaxation recovery time and mean length of LES were all shorter than those of the control group (t were 2.244,2.624,2.310 and-2.397,P ＜0.05).There were 40.6％ (13/32) LPR and 50.0％ (16/32)gastroesophageal reflux found in vocal polyp patients.Median number (M[P25 ;P75]) of laryngopharyngeal acid reflux events were 0.5[0.0;3.5] and 0.0[0.0;0.0] in vocal polyp group and the controls,median mean time of laryngopharyngeal acid exposure 0.1 [0.0 ; 1.7] and 0.0 [0.0 ;0.0] min,median clearance time of laryngopharyngeal acid were 3.5 [0.0 ; 53.5] and 0.0 [0.0 ; 0.0] s,median scores of DeMeester were 14.8[1.6;31.3] and 1.8[1.1 ;4.1] and median frequency of total liquid reflux episodes were 46.5 [25.3 ;69.0] and 32.5 [20.0 ; 36.3],respectively.The median numbers of laryngopharyngeal acid reflux events,time of acid exposure,time of acid clearance,DeMeester scores and frequency of total liquid reflux episodes were increased or higher in vocal polyp group than those in the controls (z were 2.481,2.767,2.767,2.344 and 1.980,P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions There are upper esophageal sphincter and Lower esophageal sphincter dismotility in vocal polyp patients with LPR.LPR events were dominated by acid reflux in upright position.Esophageal dynamic disfunction and LPR should be considered in the study of the pathogenesis of vocal cords polyps.

UDP glycosyltransferase (UGT) is a terminal modifying enzyme for the formation of flavonoid glycosides. In this study, we obtained two glycosyltransferase genes, CtUGT25 and CtUGT18, which are closely related to the synthesis of safflower flavonoids, through the Pierce correlation analysis of the expression of glycosyltransferase genes in the safflower corolla transcriptome database at different developmental stages with the contents of the major constituents of safflower metabolome database, and bioinformatically analyzed the gene and protein sequences of the two genes. Expression pattern analysis revealed that CtUGT25 was mainly expressed in the corolla, with the highest expression on day 3 of flowering stage; CtUGT18 was mainly expressed in the root, with the highest expression on day 1 of flowering stage. Functional validation was verified in safflower by Agrobacterium-mediated pollen-tube pathway transgenesis method, demonstrating that CtUGT25 promoted the accumulation of kaempferol-3-O-glucoside and hydroxysafflor yellow A (HSYA), and CtUGT18 promoted the accumulation of kaempferol-3-O-glucoside and orientin, both of which may be the glycosyl-modifying enzymes for the synthesis of safflower flavonoids. Meanwhile, in vitro experiments demonstrated the catalytic activity of CtUGT25 protein on naringenin, quercetin, apigenin, kaempferol, luteoin, 2-hydroxynaringenin and galangin. This study serves as reference for future advancements in regulating the quality of safflower using molecular biotechnology, particularly focuses on the industrial production of safflower exclusive component HSYA. Additionally, it offers valuable insights for researching related genes in other plants.

As a serious cardiovascular disease, atherosclerosis (AS) causes chronic inflammation and oxidative stress in the body and poses a threat to human health. Lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 (Lp-PLA2) is a member of the phospholipase A2 (PLA2) family, and its elevated levels have been shown to contribute to AS. Lp-PLA2 is closely related to a variety of lipoproteins, and its role in promoting inflammatory responses and oxidative stress in AS is mainly achieved by hydrolyzing oxidized phosphatidylcholine (oxPC) to produce lysophosphatidylcholine (lysoPC). Moreover, macrophage apoptosis within plaque is promoted by localized Lp-PLA2 which also promotes plaque instability. This paper reviews those researches of Chinese medicine in treating AS via reducing Lp-PLA2 levels to guide future experimental studies and clinical applications related to AS.
Humans ; 1-Alkyl-2-acetylglycerophosphocholine Esterase ; Medicine, Chinese Traditional ; Atherosclerosis/drug therapy* ; Lipoproteins ; Plaque, Atherosclerotic ; Biomarkers