Objective:To explore the future development of pharmacists. Methods:The combination of on-site and mailed ques-tionnaire was adopted to investigate the present work situation of pharmacists in hospitals at different levels in 15 provinces and munici-palities of east China. Based on the statistical analysis of data, some problems in the present work of pharmacists were investigated. Results:The data showed that there was a wide gap of human resource among the hospitals at different levels, and the working condi-tion improvement for pharmacists should be performed. Continuing education and legislation were not standardized and unified yet, and the clinical pharmacy and the rational drug use needed further development. Conclusion:The relevant laws and regulations should be established and improved to guarantee the lawful right and interests of pharmacists. The pharmacist training system should be improved to raise the professional quality of pharmacists and promote the development of hospital pharmacy.

Objective To investigate whether XRCC1 was associated with the occurrence of leukemia through the comparison of XRCC1 gene′s polymorphism and hypermethylation between leukemia patients and healthy people .Methods Restriction fragment length polymorphism polymerase chain reaction (PCR‐RFLP) and methylation specific polymerase chain reaction(MSP) were used to detect the polymorphism and promoter region′s methylation of XRCC1 gene in 150 patients with leukemia(patients group) and 150 healthy persons (control group) .Results In different types of leukemia patients ,the genotype of XRCC1 gene loci rs1799782 , rs25487 and rs25489 loci changed in different degrees .The positive rate of XRCC1 gene methylation in different subgroups of pa‐tients group were not statistically significantly different from that of control group(P>0 .05) .Conclusion Genotype distribution and allele frequency and leukemia susceptible have some correlation ,but hypermethylation phenomenon may not exist in XRCC1 gene in leukemia .

In order to monitor the emotional state changes of audience on real-time and to adjust the music playlist, we proposed an algorithm framework of an electroencephalogram (EEG) driven personalized affective music recommendation system based on the portable dry electrode shown in this paper. We also further finished a preliminary implementation on the Android platform. We used a two-dimensional emotional model of arousal and valence as the reference, and mapped the EEG data and the corresponding seed songs to the emotional coordinate quadrant in order to establish the matching relationship. Then, Mel frequency cepstrum coefficients were applied to evaluate the similarity between the seed songs and the songs in music library. In the end, during the music playing state, we used the EEG data to identify the audience's emotional state, and played and adjusted the corresponding song playlist based on the established matching relationship.
Algorithms ; Electrodes ; Electroencephalography ; Emotions ; Humans ; Music ; Software

0.05 and P values in later four groups were

Objective To study the application effect of health education guided by the theory of cross-theoretical model in the training of the first aid training in the basic units of the plateau. Methods Choosing 386 long-term presence of plateau soldiers, and divided them into the control group and the experimental group, the control group was educated by traditional method, in the experimental group, the health education was carried out with the trans-theoretical model, nursing experts gave them targeted intervention. The number of groups at each stage was analyzed in different stages, the same to examination results and pass rate. Results After 6 months of intervention, there was a significant improvement in the mastering of the battlefield Five emergency technology of the experimental group and the scores were better than those of the control group (P<0.05). Theoretical results showed that pass rate of the control group was 89.1%(172/193), the experimental group was 99.5%(192/193), the difference between the two groups was statistically significant (χ2=7.129, P=0.039). In the survey of technical operation, ventilation, hemostasis, bandaging, fixing and handling examination pass rate of the control group respectively were 88.1%(170/193), 89.1%(172/193), 89.1%(172/193), 88.1%(170/193), 88.6%(171/193), the experimental group were 99.5%(192/193), 97.9%(189/193), 99.5%(192/193), 96.9%(187/193), 97.4%(188/193), there were significant differences between the two groups (χ2=7.896-12.759, P=0.001-0.043). Conclusions Cross theoretical model has good effect on the application ofFiveemergency technology training in the high altitude troops battlefield, and can effectively improve the troops self- help and mutual aid capabilities, it is worthy of popularization and application.

BACKGROUND: The effective therapy of artificial liver for severe hepatitis needs an absorbing material which possesses strong adsorptive property, high adsorption rate and good blood compatibility.OBJECTIVE: To study the adsorptive property of eight novel adsorbents for plasma bilirubin and cytokines in severe hepatitis patients. DESIGN: A controlled observation.SETTINGS: Graduate School of Tianjin Medical University, Tianjin Haihe Hospital, Tianjin Third Central Hospital and the Institute of Polymer Chemistry in Nankai University.PARTICIPANTS: All plasma was collected from 30 severe hepatitis patients hospitalized in Tianjin Third Central Hospital from November 2004 to November 2005. Informed consent was obtained from each patients. This experiment was approved by the hospital ethical committee. All the patients were divided into two groups at random: group 1 (n=10) and group 2 (n=20). The level of total bilirubin (TBiL) before therapy in two groups was (377.3±147.5) μmol/L and (327.6±140.1) μmol/L, respectively.METHODS: ①Adsorbents: Chitosan (Qingdao Lizhong Chitosan Factory, Shandong) with relative molecular weight 97 000 and de-acetyl grade 85%; Adsorbents No.1-3 were prepared by using 1%, 3%, 5% polyethyleneglycol (relative molecular weight 600) as porogenic agent. Adsorbent No.4 was aminated crosslinked chitosan microspheres; Adsorbent No.5 was divinyl-benzene crosslinked macroporous polystyrene microspheres; Adsorbent No.6 was post-crosslinked macroporous divinyl-benzene styrene copolymer microspheres; Adsorbents No.7 and 8 were chitosan wrapped adsorbent No.5 and 6.②Detection: Step 1: 3 mL plasma collected from each severe hepatitis patient in group 1 was absorbed with 1 mL of 8 kinds of adsorbents. Levels of plasma TBiL, direct bilirubin (DBiL) and indirect bilirubin (IBiL) before and after adsorption were determined by using the vanadate oxidation method to analyze the average adsorption capacity so as to screen the adsorbents with the better adsorptive properties. Step 2: 3 mL plasma collected from each severe hepatitis patient in group 2 was absorbed with 1 mL of two adsorbents selected from the step 1. The levels of bilirubin, interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α before and after the adsorption were analyzed by ELISA method.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The levels of bilirubin and cytokines before and after the adsorption were determined.RESULTS: ①The data in the first step experiment showed that after No.4 and No.5 adsorbents were used, the level of plasma TBiL, DBiL and IBiL were significantly decreased (P < 0.01); no differences were found for other six kinds of adsorbents (P > 0.05).②The data in the second step experiment showed that the average levels of plasma TBiL, DBiL, IBiL, interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α were remarkably reduced after using adsorbents No.4 and No.5 (P < 0.01). Compared with adsorbent No.5, there were significant decrements for adsorbents No.4 (P < 0.01).CONCLUSION: Aminated chitosan microsphere has significant effects on adsorbing bilirubin and cytokines in plasma of severe hepatitis patients in vitro.

A 53-year-old man presented with prunosus nodules and plaques on the trunk and extremities for half a month and with periorbital swelling for 4 days.Hematological examination in a local hospital showed thrombocytopenia,and pulsed corticosteroid therapy did not work.On physical examination,there were splenomegaly and multiple enlarged superficial lymphnodes.Serum calcium and 1-lactate dehydrogenase (LDH)were increased to 3.12 mmol/L and 853 U/L,respectively.Serum immunofixation electrophoresis evidenced the presence of a monoclonal immunoglobulin IgM (κ chain).Positron emission tomography (PET-CT) showed abnormal uptake in multiple lymph nodes,back wall of the pharynx,and spleen.The biopsy of a nodule in the neck revealed a diffuse infiltration of numerous atypical lymphoid cells in the subcutaneous fat tissue,which were medium-sized with round nuclei,obvious nucleoli and karyokinesis, Immunophenotyping of the abnormal lymphocytes indicated positive reactions for L26,CD79a,Bcl-2,cyclin D1,multiple myeloma oncogene 1 (partly),Ki-67 (＞80％),but negative for CD5,CD21,CD23,CD38,CD3,CD10,Bcl-6,CD45RO,terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase (TdT),myeloperoxidase (MPO),CD30,anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK),CD117,or CD34.Fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) revealed the presence of a fusion gene (t(11:14) CCND1/IGH) in the abnormal lymphocytes.Based on the above findings,the diagnosis was made as blastoid mantle cell lymphoma with skin and periorbital involvement complicated by hypercalcemia.After treatment with rituximab injection,cyclophosphamide,vincristine,doxorubicin,dexamethasone,and intermittent treatment with intravenous high dose of methotrexate and cytarabine (R-Hyper-CVAD),serum calcium returned to a normal level three days later,and the patient made a quick and excellent recovery on the 6th day,with the regression of skin lesions and poriorbital swelling.Unfortunately,the patient eventually died of severe pulmonary infection one month later.

Objective To compare the effects of desflurane and sevoflurane on somatosensory evoked potentials (SEP) in patients undergoing spine neurosurgery. Methods Thirty patients with ASA grades I-Ⅱand undergoing spinal deformity orthopaedic surgery were selected and divided into two groups: desflurane group and sevoflurane group (n=30) . Bispectral index (BIS),the state of muscle relaxation, SEP and hemodynamics were monitored during operation. By maintaining the BIS in the range of 35-45,the state of muscle relaxation disappeared and hemodynamic became stable. Adjust the concentration of anesthetic step by step from 0 to 0.3, 0.6 and 0.9 maximum alveolar concentrations (MAC), then inhaled different concentrations of drugs. Record the incubation period and amplitude of SEP before inhaling anesthetics (based on the value), in the moment of achieving each inhaled concentration ( T1, T2 and T3) , and the moment that the inhaled anesthetics blows completely (regression value) . The percentages of T1, T2, T3, and the regression value compared with basic value were calculated.Results Compared with the basic value, T1, T2 and T3 of left arm, left leg and right leg in desflurane group, T2 and T3 of right arm in desflurane group, T2 and T3 of left arm, left leg and right arm in sevoflurane group,and T2 and T3 of right leg in sevoflurane group showed incubation period delaying ( <0.05) . And the incubation period extended along with the increase of inhaled anesthetics dosage. Compared with the basic value,T1,T2 and T1 of left arm and left leg in desflurane group,T1 of right arm in desflurane group, T1 and T2 of right leg in desflurane, T3 of left arm in sevoflurane group, T1 and T3 in left leg in sevoflurane group had decreased amplitude ( < 0.05), especially T1. Compared with desflurane, sevoflurane showed a weaker inhibition effect on the incubation period and amplitude of T1,T2,T3 of left arm and left leg,T2 and T3 of right arm and right leg, and the amplitude of T1 of right leg ( < 0.05) . Conclusion Both of desflurane and sevoflurane have inhibition effect on SEP. The inhibition effect gradually strengthens along with the increasing of dose. The inhibition effect of desflurane is stronger than sevoflurane.

OBJECTIVE:To determine the equilibrium solubility and the apparent partition coefficient of sulfamethazine(SM2) in a series of phosphate buffer solutions of different pH so as to provide a basic study for the exploitation of SM2 preparation.METHODS:A series of buffer solutions of different pH were prepared.The apparent solubility was determined by saturation method;Ko/w was calculated with concentration ratio of SM2 in n-octanol and water phase after partition equilibrium.RESULTS:The maximum equilibrium solubility was 1.916 g?L-1 at pH 2 and 1.375 g?L-1 at pH 9,and the maximum of apparent partition coefficient was 3.9070 at pH 8.CONCLUSION:The equilibrium solubility and apparent partition coefficient of SM2 are correlated to pH of the medium.SM2 dissolved preferably when pH6.8,but SM2 was more distributed in the lipid phase and easier to be absorbed by body when pH=3～8.

Objective To determine the median effective target plasma concentration (EC50) of remifentanil inhibiting responses to skull-pin placement when combined with propofol in the female patients undergoing neurosurgery.Methods Sixteen female patients,aged 20-60 yr,with body mass index of 18-30 kg/m2,of American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status Ⅰ or Ⅱ,scheduled for elective neurosurgery under general anesthesia,were enrolled in this study.Anesthesia was induced with propofol and remifentanil given by target-controlled infusion and iv rocuronium 0.6 mg/kg.The target plasma concentration (Cp) of remifentanil and propofol was set at 5 ng/ml and 3 μg/ml,respectively.At 3 min after tracheal intubation,the target Cp of remifentanil was adjusted and set at 5 ng/ml in the first patient.The skull-pin was placed after the target effect-site and plasma concentrations were balanced.The Cp increased/decreased by 20％ each time in the next patient depending on whether or not the response to skull-pin placement was positive.The ratio between the two successive concentrations was 1.2.The response to skull-pin placement was defined as positive when heart rate and/or mean arterial pressure increased by 20％ of the baseline value within 1 min after placement.The EC50 and 95％ confidence interval of remifentanil required to inhibit responses to skull-pin placement were calculated when combined with propofol.Results The EC50 (95％ confidence interval) of remifentanil required to inhibit responses to skull-pin placement was 3.74 (3.43-4.09) ng/ml when combined with propofol.Conclusion When combined with propofol,the EC50 of remifentanil inhibiting responses to skull-pin placement is 3.74 ng/ml in the female patients undergoing neurosurgery.