As the increasing of digital imagilag modalities,a close-at-hand challenge to deal with is the storage and transmission requirement of enormous data of medical images.Compression is one of the indispensable techniques to solve this problem.A comprehensive review and discussions are made in this paper over the medial image compression techniques applied in medical image domain,including the latest achievements in this field.Different compression algorithm including ROI-based coding,lossless compression,DWT,neural net are introduced and some quality evaluation methods are introduced.Foreground of the field is given from our point of view.

Background A stable diabetic cataract animal model is a premise for screening and evaluating the drug for cataract therapy.Galactose cataract model is widely used in relevant experimental study,but the onset,extent and the type of lens opacification may be different due to different modeling way.Objective This study was to investigate the manifestations and pathological characteristics of cataract induced by D-galactose.Methods Fifty-six SPF SD rats were randomly divided into cataract-model group and control group and 28 rats for each group.50% D-galactose feed was given daily in model group,and regular feed was given in control group.Lenses of rats were examined under the slit lamp through the 30-day period at a 2-day interval,and then the opacity of lenses was graded on the modified Suryanarayana criteria.The body weight of rats was recorded and compared between two groups at day 5,10,15,20,25 and 30.The lenses samples were obtained for the histopathological examination by hemotoxylin and eosin staining.The wet weight,dry weight of the lenes and their ratio were detected and compared between these two groups.The use of animals followed the Regulation for the Administration of Affair Concerning Experimental Animals by State Science and Technology Commission.Results The body weight was reduced in model rats compared with control rats with the statistically significant difference from 10 days through 30 days(P＜0.05).The different grades of opacification of lens cortical and nuclear progressed in model rats throughout the experiment duration,but the lenses were clear in control rats.The slit-lamp microscopy and pathological examinations revealed that lenses opacity in model rats started from the cortex at the equator zone and developed towards central zone gradually with the lapse of experimental time.Following the entire opacity of lens cortex,lens nucleus were cloudy and expanded.The swelling and degeneration of the fiber cells in lens cortex,the differentiation,migration and denuclearation delay of lens epithelial cells were seen in model rats under the light microscope.The wet weight of lenses was increased and the dry weight was decreased in model rats in comparison with control rats in experimental 30 days,showing significant difference between two groups(t=138.571,t=52.468,P＜0.05).Conclusion The development of galactose-induced cataract animal model resemble one of age-related cortical cataract in human with the similar generating mechanism.This cataract model is reproducible and classifiable.

Background Sugar cataract is one of the major diabetic complications in the eye,but there is not effective medicine to prevent or delay development of cataract. Objective The goal of this study was to investigate the effects and the potential mechanism of aldose reductase (AR) inhibitor,AL-1576 on prevention of galactose cataract in rats. Methods Forty-two SD rats were randomly and equally divided into 7 groups.The cataracts were induced by feeding with 50％ galactose.At the day of feeding galactose and the day 5,10 and 15 after feeding galactose,AL-1576 was added into the feeds.The rats were divided AL-1576 prevention group and early-,intermediate-or late-stage intervention groups.For another group,the withdrawing AL-1576 group,AL-1576 was added into the feeds at the day of feeding galactose,then was removed after 10 days.The lenses of the rats were examined under the slit-lamp microscope before and after given AL-1576 every 5 days.At the day 35,the lenses were obtained.The wet and dry weight of the lenses were weighted,respectically,to calculate the water content of the lenses.Activities of AR and superoxidedismutase (SOD) and contents of glutathione (GSH) of the lenses were measured by their commercial detecting kits.The care and use of the animals complied with the Regulations for the Administration of Affairs Concerning Experimental Animals by State Science and Technology Commission. Results In AL-1576 prevention group,all lenses maintained clear.Opacification of the lenses were significantly attenuated in all three AL-1576 intervention groups and withdrawing AL-1576 group compared with the cataractous model group ( P＜0.05),but the inhibiting role was weaken with late intervention.The water contents and the activities of AR of the lenses were decreased,the contents of SOD and GSH were dramatically increased in all different AL-1576 treated groups compared with the cataractous model group (P＜0.05).Moreover,AL-1576 prevention group showed the best effect on all indexes (P＜0.05). Conclusions The activity of AR can be inhibited by AL-1576 at the different stages of development of cataract induced by galactose.By blocking and attenuating formation of the edema and elevating antioxdative capacity in the lenses,AL-1576 prevents and delays the formation of galactose cataract.

Animals ; Epithelial Cells ; cytology ; drug effects ; Humans ; Kidney Tubules ; cytology ; drug effects ; Oleanolic Acid ; analogs & derivatives ; pharmacology ; Podocytes ; drug effects

Objective To study the curative effect of anterior cervical discectomy with fusion (ACDF)and anterior cervical corpectomy with fusion (ACCF)for multi segment cervical spondylosis;and to provide effective anterior surgery for the disease.Methods According to digital table,106 cases with multi segment cervical spondylosis were randomly divided into ACCF group of 54 cases and ACDF group of 52 cases.The ACDF group was treated with ACDF,and the ACCF group was treated with ACCF.The operation time,bleeding volume and excellent rate of cervical functional improvement of the two groups were observed,and the bone graft fusion,cervical vertebra height change and the change of cervical curvature of the two groups were evaluated.Results The operation time of the ACDF group was higher than that of the ACCF group,the amount of bleeding of the ACCF group was lower than that of the ACDF group,and the differences werestatistically significant (t =2.857,9.097,all P <0.05 ).After 6 months and 12 months,the segments of the ACDF group were higher than those of the ACCF group,the differences were statistically significant (t =8.157,6.330,all P <0.05).After 6 months and 12 months,the section curvature increases and cervical vertebra increased curvature of the ACDF group were lower than those of the ACCF group,the differences were statistically significant (t =4.707,4.575,4.083,3.987,all P <0.05).The complication rate of the ACDF group was 11.5%(6 /52),which of the ACCF group was 13.0%(7 /54),the difference was not statistically significant (χ2 =0.050, P >0.05).Conclusion For multi segment cervical spondylosis,there are no significant differences in efficacy and stability between ACDF and ACCF;ACCF surgery field is more clear and easy to operate,the operation time is short, and there is the phenomenon of titanium mesh sinking.In the maintenance of cervical curvature,ACCF is better than ACDF.

Objective To study the characteristics of the procedure of medical equipments purchase.Methods The risk of medical equipment purchase was analyzed.Results Methods of how to avoid this risk was put forward,such as loan in hospital,project management and a series of check and analysis procedures.Conclusion Desirable economic benefit and effective management are achieved.

Objective To design an automatic segmentation algorithm for lung region abstraction from CT images in computer-aided diagnosis(CAD) of lung diseases. Methods Based on the optimal threshold segmentation, an automatic region-growing method was adopted to eliminate the trachea and bronchi, the boundary tracking algorithm was modified for background elimination and lung boundary abstraction. Then, lung boundary repair was performed to obtain a fine boundary. To reduce the sensitivity of threshold selection, an iterative process was employed to find the optimal threshold. A trachea/bronchus extraction method based on position of trachea/bronchus in previous slice was introduced, which avoided selecting seed-point by handle in region-growing. Based on previous searching direction, 8-neighborhood searching method was improved to increase its efficiency. Results Experiments with four chest CT data sets showed that this algorithm was able to abstract the lung region automatically, quickly and with better precision. Conclusion The proposed algorithm is quite efficient for automated lung segmentation in the computed-aided diagnosis of lung diseases.

[Objective] To investigate the effects of the Sheng Jing Tang, one of tonyfing kidney and promoting blood circulation recipes,on female rats anovulatory due to testosterone and to study the mechanism of action of the recipe. [Methods] The rat models of anovulatory disease were established by injecting the immature female SD rat with testosterone and treated with TCM and herbs to observe estrous cycle level of sex hormone of blood and the change of pathological histology of ovary. [Results] Sheng Jing Tang could improve the level of sex hormone, contract the expanded oxarian vesicles obviously and increase the quantity of luteum. [Conclusions] Sheng Jing Tang had the effect of improving the syndromes of Polycystic Ovary, inducing ovulation and recovering the function of ovary.

Objective We conducted an in vivo study with the mouse model of Vib rio vulnificus infection to evaluate the efficacies of combination therapy with antimicrobia l agents. Methods Vibrio vulnificus (6.0?10 8 cfu/ml)was injected intraperitoneally into the right abdominal cavity. One hour, 2 hour and 3 hour after inoculation, 7 antimicrobial agents were given alone or in combination intraperitoneally at human therapeutic dose level. The numbers of survial mouse and the supermicrostr ucture change of organs w ere observed. 7 antimicrobial agents were Imipenem, Chloramphenicol, Doxycycline Hydrochloride, Netilmicin, Cefoperazone, Piperacillin, Levofloxacin. Res ults Two hours after infection, the mouse survival rates of groups trea ted with Chloramphenicol, Levofloxacin, Netilmicin, Cefoperazone was 100%. Howev er, the survival rates in the mouse treated by Piperacillin was 60% and the surv ival rate of in the mouse treated with Imipenem or Doxycycline Hydrochloride was 20%. The survival rate in the mouse treated with Cefoperazone combined with Lev ofloxacin, Cefoperazone combined with Netilmicin, or Netilmicin combined with Do xycycline Hydrochloride, was 100%. The supermicrostructure injure of the organs in the mouse recovered. Conclusions These results indicate that Chloramphenicol, Netilmicin, Cefoperazone and Levofl oxacin alone had satisfactory efficacy in the treatment of experimental Vibrio v ulnificus infection in mouse. The combination therapies of Cefoperazone with Lev ofloxacin, Cefoperazone with Netilmicin, and Netilmicin with Doxycycline Hydroch loride are more advantageous than using antimicrobial agent alone.

Objective To investigate the potential factors affecting the survival rate of extremely low birth weight infant (ELBWI) and to make out a practical strategy. Methods Fourty-four ELBWI were devided to 3 groups according to their birth weight. All the clinical data were reviewed. Results The survival rate on discharge was 52% (22/42) and the mortality rate was 45%(19/42). The survival rate was significantly increased with higher birth weight( P