Objective To evaluate the repot of common hepatic duct defect caused by Type Ⅱ or Type Ⅲ Mirizzi syndrome laparoscopically.Methods Eight cases of Type Ⅱ or Type Ⅲ Mirizzi syndrome treated under laparoscopy were analyzed retrospectively.Among them six cases were identified as Mirizzi Ⅱ and a defect on the lateral wall of common hepatic duct was found and repmred by suturing the stubble of cystic duct.The two Mirizzi Ⅲ cases had a defect on front and lateral wall or back and lateral wall of common hepatic duct respectively.Both defects were repaired by a patch from the infundibulum of galllbladder. Results All the 8 cases underwent laparoscopic subtotal cholecystectomy followed by repair of common hepatic duct defect.The operation lasted for 80～150 min(mean 110 min).There was no recurrence of the symptoms after 6～24 months follow up.Conclusion The familiarity of the anatomical characters of Mirizzi syndrome and the skillful suture technique under laparoscopy are both necessary.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy of Qingkailing injection for cerebrovascular diseases by systematic review of clinical trials. Methods Meta-analysis was used to evaluate the efficacy of Qingkailing injection on cerebrovascular diseases from 38 articles on clinical trials published from 1994 to 2008 in Chinese journals with the software RevMan5.0. Sensitivity analysis was taken to analyze the results of trails with different inclusion criteria. Results 38 clinical control trails were included for efficacy analysis, a fixed effects model was chosen and the value of odds ratio (OR) was 3.26 with the 95% confidence interval from 2.71 to 3.92. Conclusions Qingkailing injection may have positive effect on cerebrovascular diseases, its efficacy need to be confirmed with high-quality randomized controlled trials.

Biomarkers ; metabolism ; Cholesterol ; metabolism ; Coronary Disease ; Humans

To establish a UPLC-MS/MS method for the simultaneous determination of geniposide, genipin 1-O-beta-D-gentiobioside and geniposidic acid in rat brains and study the brain pharmacokinetics of the three iridoid glycosides in stroke rat after the oral administration of Xingnaojing. In this experiment, brain samples were precipitated with protein for twice. Acquity BEH C18 column was adopted, with acetonitrile-0.1% formic acid-water as the mobile phase for gradient elution. ESI source was adopted for mass spectra; multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) was conducted to detect negative ions. The time for sample analysis was 3.5 min. the results showed good linear relations among the three iridoid glycosides, with the extraction recovery between 99.6% and 114.3%, good intra- and inter-day precisions and accuracies and stability in line with the requirements. The t1/2 and MRT in the three components were similar in brains of stroke rats. Geniposide and genipin 1-O-beta-D-gentiobioside showed double peaks; where as geniposidic acid showed a single peak. In conclusion, the method is so specific, sensitive, accurate and reliable that it can be used to study the brain pharmacokinetics of Xingnaojing oral preparation.
Animals ; Brain ; metabolism ; Brain Chemistry ; Chromatography, High Pressure Liquid ; methods ; Drug Stability ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; pharmacokinetics ; Iridoids ; chemistry ; pharmacokinetics ; Male ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Tandem Mass Spectrometry ; methods

There are 250 species of Zanthoxylum (Rutaceae) in the world. This genus distributed in tropical and subtropical regions. Alkaloids are the major and representative ingredients in these plants including quinolines, isoquinolines, and amide alkaloids, with such biological activities as anti-tumor, anti-inflammatory, analgesic, anti-virus, anti-platelet aggregation, anti-bacteria and anti- oxidant. These species have been used for a long time to treat toothache, urinary and venereal diseases, lumbago and rheumatism. This review summarizes the chemical constituents and pharmacological activities from the Z. sppplants, in an effort to the systematic research and application of the alkaloids of this genus.
Alkaloids ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Animals ; Drugs, Chinese Herbal ; chemistry ; pharmacology ; Humans ; Molecular Structure ; Zanthoxylum ; chemistry

Objective To investigate the changes and clinical significance of serum lactate dehydrogenase (LDH),creatine kinase (CK),glutamate pyruvate transaminase (AST),and cerebrospinal fluid lactate dehydrogenase (CSF LDH) in adult patients with acute central nervous system infection.Methods The levels of myocardial enzymes (AST,LDH,and CK) in serum of 96 adult patients with acute intracranial infection in 7days and 39 healthy people were measured by Beckman automatic biochemical analyzer and enzyme rate assay,and CSF LDH level in 96 patients were measured simultaneously.Results (1) The serum myocardial enzymes (LDH,CK,and AST) of intracranial infection group (47 cases with viral encephalitis,30 cases with tuberculous meningitis,and 19 cases with purulent encephalitis) were significantly higher than those of normal control group (P ＜0.01).(2)The myocardial enzymes (LDH,and AST ) of patients with cerebral functional disorder were significantly higher than those of patients with normal cerebral function (P ＜0.05).(3)The levels of serum AST,LDH,and CK in the virus encephalitis group,serum AST and LDH in the purulent encephalitis group,and serum LDH in the tuberculous meningitis group were significantly higher than those in the control group (P ＜ 0.01).The CSF LDH level in the viral meningitis group was prominently lower than that in the tuberculous encephalitis group and purulent encephalitis group,respectively (P ＜0.01).(4) No correlations were found between CSF LDH and serum myocardial enzymes (P ＞0.05).Conclusions (1)There is significant change in the levels of serum LDH,CK,AST,and CSF LDH of adult patients with acute intracranial infection,especially in infected patients with cerebral functional disorder,and the change of LDH is the most obvious.(2)The levels of serum myocardial enzymes and CSF LDH are helpful to the differential diagnosis of intracranial infection in early stage,and judging the severity of the illness.

Objective To establish a method of quantitative determination of patchouli alcohol in Huoxiangzhengqi Soft-Capsules by capillary gas chromatography.Methods The samples of patchouli alcohol were determined by capillary gas chromatography after ultrasound treatment and centrifugation. The chromatographic procedure was performed on the column of HP-5 (30 m×0.32 mm×0.25 μm). The initial temperature was maintained at 170 ℃ for 3 minutes, and then the temperature was raised to 182 ℃ at the speed of 1 ℃/min and maintained for 1 minute. The inlet temperature of samples was at 280 ℃, the detector temperature was at 280 ℃, the flow rate of Nitrogen was 0.6 mL/min, n-octadecane was taken as the internal standard, and FID was used for detection. Results Patchouli alcohol showed a good linear relationship at the range from 0.041 1 mg/mL to 0.411 2 mg/mL in the ratio between peak area and internal standard peak area or concentration (Y=2.94X+0.0128, r=0.999 2). The average recovery was 98.96% (RSD=1.88%, n=6).Conclusion The method is accurate, easy and sensitive, which can be used for the quantitative determination of patchouli alcohol in Huoxiangzhengqi Soft-Capsules.

Adenoma ; metabolism ; pathology ; Adult ; Carcinoma, Renal Cell ; metabolism ; pathology ; Diagnosis, Differential ; Ear Neoplasms ; complications ; genetics ; metabolism ; pathology ; surgery ; Endolymphatic Sac ; Female ; Follow-Up Studies ; Humans ; Kidney Neoplasms ; metabolism ; pathology ; Middle Aged ; Paraganglioma ; metabolism ; pathology ; Point Mutation ; Von Hippel-Lindau Tumor Suppressor Protein ; genetics ; von Hippel-Lindau Disease ; complications ; genetics ; metabolism

OBJECTIVESTo evaluate the effects of varicocele (VC) on IL-1 and NO levels in testes of rats with VC.

METHODSMale adult Wistar rats were divided into two groups randomly, VC group (n = 30) and pseudo-operation group (n = 20), and the levels of IL-1 and NO in the testes were determined and compared.

RESULTSThe levels of IL-1 and No of left tests in VC group were higher than those in pseudo-operation group, respectively(P < 0.01). While the levels of IL-1 and NO of right testes between two groups were not significantly different (P > 0.05). More over, the level of IL-1 correlated significantly with that of NO(r = 0.572, P < 0.01).

CONCLUSIONSThe results revealed that the changes of IL-1 and NO levels in the testes of rats with VC might be the reason which caused testes damage, disturbance of spermatogenesis and even infertility.

Animals ; Disease Models, Animal ; Interleukin-1 ; metabolism ; Male ; Nitric Oxide ; metabolism ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Testis ; metabolism ; ultrastructure ; Varicocele ; metabolism

Adult ; Aged ; Aged, 80 and over ; Female ; Humans ; Leukemia, Prolymphocytic, B-Cell ; diagnosis ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Retrospective Studies