Based on research of the Accreditation Commission for Acupuncture and Oriental Medicine (ACAOM), the National Certification Commission for Acupuncture and Oriental Medicine (NCCAOM) and the related public websites of acupuncture educational institutions, the first hand information was studied, summarized and sorted on the status quo of the educational qualification or the relative authentication of education programs of ACAOM as well as the status of professional qualification and examination of NCCAOM. The education curriculum of the Master degree of Acupuncture, Master degree of Oriental Medicine Science as well as the Doctor degree of Acupuncture and Oriental Medicine were also introduced in this article including student enrollment and graduation in recent years. The developing tendency of the federal unified acupuncture education, management, professional qualification and examination system of U. S. A. were discussed and analyzed as well.
Acupuncture ; education ; manpower ; organization & administration ; Acupuncture Therapy ; standards ; Certification ; Humans ; United States

Intracranial atherosclerotic stenosis is one of the important causes of ischemic stroke. It is of vital importance to guide clinical treatment using imaging methods to diagnose intracranial artery stenosis and accurately assess the degree of stenosis. This article reviews the advantages and shortcomings,advances and clinical application values of diagnosing intracranial artery stenosis using transcranial Doppler ultrasound,transcranial color-coded duplex sonography,intravascular ultrasound,magnetic resonance angiography,computed tomography angiography,and digital subtract angiography,which will provide references for clinicians to select ideal checking tools.

Objective To approach the feasibility of the development and routinely carrying out of gynecological analgesia. Methods A total of 286 pregnant women, 58 were primiparae with full-term fetus and 228 were for mid-term delivery or induced abortion, were enrolled in present study. The combined lumbar-epidural analgesia (CLEA) and the patient-controlled epidural analgesia (PCEA) were given to the primiparae and the ones for mid-term delivery, and the intravenous anesthesia was given to those for induced abortion. Results Among the primiparae and the ones for mid-term delivery, VAS scores were rapidly reduced from 87.7?12.5 and 51.1?14.1 to 8.7?8.8 and 10.6?6.2, respectively, within 3 minutes by CLEA, the effective rates of analgesia were 94% and 100%, respectively. For all of them the Bromage evaluation was in 0 degree. After the induction of labor, no algesia memory existed in the women for induced abortion, the operative time was 15.28?2.57 minutes, the dosage of propoful was 162.9?39.8 mg (about 3mg/kg), and the dosage of fentanyl was 0.05 mg. The incidence of hypotension after intravenous anesthesia was 5.8%. Conclusions Intravenous anesthesia with propoful may remit the panic and fearful sense of pregnant women to induced abortion, and reduce the pain during operation. It is suggested to develop widely and carry out routinely the intravenous anesthesia as an effective and safe technique in gynecological analgesia.

Objective To study the influences of ginsenoside Re on learning and memory abilities of natural apolexis rats and to probe its preliminary mechanism.Method Water maze test for old rats was used to observe the effect of ginsenoside Re on learning and memory,and electrophysiological technique to record the long-term potentiation(LTP)in basic synaptic transmission of the dentate gyrus in anesthetized rats.Results Ginsenoside Re can markedly counteract memory acquisition impairment in natural apolexis rats,and enhance the synaptic transmission in the dentate gyrus and form the LTP consequence.Conclusion Ginsenoside Re can improve the learning and memory obstacle in rats,the mechanism may correlate with its enhancing the basic synaptic transmission and promoting the magnitude of LTP of the dentate gyrus.

Objective To evaluate the clinical application of VAMTS in lung cancer patients.Meth- ods Between May 2004 and June 2005,30 patients with lung cancer applied VAMTS.The minimalthoracto- my from 8 to 10 cm was made at fourth or fifth intercostal space and lobectomy was undergone for convertion- al or dedicated endoscopic instruments.Some mediastinum lymphnode(MLN)resection were performed.Re- suits Operative time from 50 to 210 minutes and average 123 minutes.The intraoperative blood loss is less, and without blood transfusion.The average drawing duct time is 3.9 days.No death caused by operation and postoperative syndromes.Conclusion VAMTS wounds much less,operative scale lumination is better,opera- tive time shorter,blood loss less,and recover more quickly.The hospitalization time is shorter.The VAMTS with MLNR is regarded as an implement of lung cancer remedy,fits to stageⅠ-Ⅱ,diameter

Adult ; Child, Preschool ; Heart Ventricles ; pathology ; Humans ; Male ; Myocardium ; pathology ; Pre-Excitation Syndromes ; etiology ; pathology

Parkinson's disease(PD) is a common neurodegenerative disorder with no effective protective treatment,characterized by a massive degeneration of dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra(SNpc) and the subsequent loss of their projecting nerve fibers in the striatum.The major neurochemical manifestation of this disorder is the loss of the neurotransmitter dopamine(DA) in the striatum as a result of the progressive degeneration of the dopaminergic neurons in the substantia nigra.There have been significant progresses in recent years reporting on the use of mesenchymal stem cells(MSCs)in gene therapy,with specific application towards PD.MSCs,a kind of multipotent adult progenitor cells,are considered as a useful vehicle for cell and gene therapy because of their multiple differentiation potentiality and self-transplantation.The present study was focused on treating rat model of PD using human tyrosine hydroxylase gene(hTH),human aromatic L-amino acid decarboxylase gene(hAADC) and human GT Pcyclohydrolase I gene(hGCH-I) engineered MSCs,in order to provide a better understanding about the application of these cells in the therapeutic benifit of PD.The gene of hTH,hAADC and hGCH-I were introduced via recombinant adeno-associated virus(rAAV) infection into the MSCs in vitro.The genetically modified MSCs expressing hTH,hAADC and hGCH-I were transplanted into the striatum of PD rat models.The behavior,the nigra-striatal level of DA and its metabolite were detected.The results of present study were shown as follows:hTH,hAADC,hGCH-I and LacZ gene were transfected into MSCs with adeno-associated virus vectors.The HEK293 packaging cells(ATCC) were transfected with the plasmids of pAAV-hTH,pAAV-hAADC,pAAV-hGCH-I,pAAV-LacZ,pAAV-RC,pHelper by using calcium phosphate precipitation.Titer was detected using HT1080 cells.Viral particles were collected and used to infect MSCs.The purified modified MSCs expressing the three kinds of genes were selected separately and were grafted in the striatum of the PD model rats in the lesion side.The MSCs genetically modified suvived well 12 weeks after transplantation.The improvements of the behavior were observed every week after transplantation.Compared with the control group,the rounds of asymmetric rotation after apomorphine administration decreased in the groups double or triple genes engineered MSCs grafted(p

BACKGROUND:Colagen materials have good biocompatibility and biodegradability, but also had some problems such as low mechanical strength, poor resistance to degradation exposed in the process of clinical application. Numerous studies have reported that proper crosslinking could improve the disadvantage of colagen materials, regulate porous network structure, sweling and degradation of colagen materials. OBJECTIVE: To optimize carbodimide crosslinking process of colagen sponge and determine the best process conditions. METHODS:Colagen sponge was cross-linked by carbodimide for the preparation of loose and porous colagen sponge. Meanwhile, we optimized the conditions of cross-linking, in which the selected concentration of carbodimide was 5, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80, 90, 100 mmol/L, linking time was 2, 4, 6, 8, 12, 16, 20, 24 hours, and linking temperature was 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30, 35℃. We evaluated the best process conditions of colagen sponge through the aperture, porosity, water absorption, and degradation rate. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The optimal conditions were carbodimide concentration 50 mmol/L, crosslinking temperature 20℃,crosslinking time 6 hours. At this point, the average pore diameter of colagen sponge was 105 μm, the porosity was 79.45%, water absorption was 287.14%, and the degradation rate was 15.04% (2 days). The crosslinking of colagen sponge significantly improved its water absorption and degradation resistance.

Sirtuin 1 (SIRT1),the Ⅲ class deacetylation enzyme,is a kind of NAD + dependent histone deacetylation enzyme.The role of SIRT1 in tumor has the duality.It can inhibit inflammation,tumor angiogenesis and interact with tumor related gene to inhibit tumor development.However,it can also regulate tumor related genes,and epithelial-mesenchymal transition,promote tumor cell proliferation and tolerance of radiotherapy and chemotherapy,and maintain the stemness of cancer stem cells to promote tumor proliferation,invasion and metastasis.

BACKGROUND:An ideal scaffold material needs appropriate degradation rate and certain mechanical properties, but the traditional colagen sponge scaffold has rapid degradation velocity and low mechanical strength, which is easy to colapse and difficult to maintain its natural form. Traditional cross-linking methods also have the problems of cytotoxicity or colagen denaturation, severely limiting the application of colagen. OBJECTIVE:To design a new cross-linking method for colagen and to optimize the self-assembly process so as to develop a colagen sponge scaffold with good mechanical properties and resistance to degradation. METHODS:Colagens were modified by self-assembly technology to prepare colagen fibrils which were then freeze-dried into fibrilar colagen sponges. Meanwhile, we optimized the conditions of self-assembly by using orthogonal experiment based on univariate analysis of the effect of initial colagen mass concentration, final phosphate concentration and pH value on the conversion yield of colagen self-assembly. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:We optimized the conditions of self-assembly revealed that the optimum conditions to prepare colagen fibrils were determined as pH=8.0, initial colagen concentration=2 mg/mL, and final concentration of phosphate=15 mmol/L. The results of scanning electron microscope showed that fibrilar colagen sponges were characterized by refined porous structure which was connected by colagen fibrils. In addition, the fibrilar colagen sponges showed better equilibrium-sweling ratio, water retaining property and mechanical strength compared with unmodified colagen spondages (P < 0.05), to solve the problems in rapid degradation.