The end stage of chronic renal diseases is characterized by glomerular sclerosis and interstitial fibrosis. Studies have revealed that effective amelioration of renal fibrosis can significantly delay the progression of chronic renal diseases. Peroxisome proliferator activated receptors (PPARs) are ligand-activated nuclear transcriptional factors of the nuclear hormone receptor superfamily, and PPAR-γ is one of the phenotypes of PPARs. The effect of PPAR-γ on inhibiting renal fibrosis has become a hot spot. In this article the research advances of PPAR-γ in amelioration of renal fibrosis are reviewed.

Background Blepharitis is an induce factor for multiple ocular surface diseases.Research showed that bacteria play an important role in the pathogenesis of blepharitis.To make sure the pathogenic bacteria and effective antimicrobial agents are of clinical significance for the prevention and treatment of blepharitis.Objective The purpose of this study was 1o investigate the bacterial isolates of conjunctival sac secretion and meibomian secretion in the patients with blepharitis and study their in vitro antimicrobial susceptibility.Methods Forty-five patients with anterior blepharitis and 45 cases with posterior blepharitis were included in Beijing Chaoyang Hospital from December 2006 to December 2012,and 45 patients for laser in situ keratomileusis were enrolled in the same period as control group.The secretions of the conjunctival sac and meibomian were collected with sterile cotton swab,and bacterial isolates were cultured in bouillon culture-medium.The number of eyes with different bacteria was examined and calculated.Then the bacteria were switched to blood agar plates,and antimicrobial susceptibility test to erythromycin,gentamicin,tobramycin,rifampin,levofloxacin were performed by M ueller Hinton (M-H) medium paper method.Results The total germiculture positive rates were 81.1％,76.1％ and 65.0％ in the anterior blepharitis group,posterior blepharitis group and the control group,showing a significant difference among them (x2 =12.80,P=0.00).The germiculture positive rates in meibomian secretion were 84.4％ and 78.8％ in the anterior blepharitis group and the posterior blepharitis group,which were significantly higher than 67.8％ in the control group (x2=7.30,P =0.03).There was no statistically significant difference in the germiculture positive rate of conjunctival sac section among the three groups (77.8％,73.3％ and 62.2％) (x2 =5.60,P=0.06).The main bacteria in conjunctival sac secretion and meibomian secretion were staphylococcus epidermidis,staphylococcus aureus and corynebacterium in all the subjects,but streptococcus pneumoniae and gram-negative bacillus were not detected in the control group.Staphylococcus showed the highest susceptibility to gentamicin,tobramycin and rifampicin,with the sensitive rate ＞70％.Corynebacterium was susceptible to various drugs.Streptococcus pneumoniae had susceptibility to erythromycin and tobramycin.However,Gram-negative bacillus was not susceptible to all the drugs above.Conclusions Bacteria participate in the pathogenesis of blepharitis,but the germiculture positive rate,bacterial species and drug susceptibility of bacteria are obviously different between patients with blepharitis and normal population.Reasonable application of antimicrobial agents is important to blepharitis.

Adult ; Aspergillosis ; pathology ; Female ; Humans ; Laryngeal Diseases ; microbiology ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Vocal Cords ; microbiology

Objective To detect the expression of T cell immunogloblin and mucin domain-containing molecule 3 (Tim-3) mRNA in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) isolated from asthmatic children and asthmatic murine,and to explore the role of Tim-3 in bronchial asthma.Methods Recruiting 97 cases asthmatic children,47 children with acute asthma exacerbation(acute attack group),50 children with asthma remission (remittent group)and 42 children as the healthy control group.The Tim-3 mRNA expression was measured by using reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction(RT-PCR) method.The levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6) and transforming growth factor-5 (TGF-β)were determined with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA),and to analyze the correlation between Tim-3 mRNA and the level of IL-6.The asthmatic murine models were randomly divided into 2 groups:normal control group and asthma group.There were 10 mice in each group.PBMC in each group were collected.Expression of Tim-3 mRNA was detected by using real-time PCR.The level of CD4 + IL-17 + and CD4 + CD~ + FoxP3 + which reflected Th17 and regulatory T cells(Treg) expression respectively were detected by using flow cytometry,and the correlation between Tim-3 and Thl7/Treg level was analyzed.Results Expression of Tim-3 mRNA in children with acute asthma exacerbation was significantly higher than those in remission stage and healthy control group (all P ＜ 0.05).The expression of Tim-3 mRNA in children with asthma remission was significantly higher than that in healthy control group (P ＜ 0.05),and the level of IL-6 in children with acute asthma exacerbation was significantly higher than those in remission stage and healthy control group (all P ＜ 0.05).In the murine model of asthma group,the level of Tim-3 mRNA in PBMC was significantly higher than that in normal control group (P ＜ 0.01),and in asthma group CD4 + IL-17 + expression was significantly higher than normal control group but CD4 + CD25 + FoxP3 + was significantly lower than that in normal control group (all P ＜ 0.05),and the ratio of Th17/Treg increased in asthma group compared with normal control group (P ＜ 0.05).Tim-3 mRNA expression in PBMC was correlated positively with CD4 + IL-17 + level and Th17/Treg ratio respectively (all P ＜ 0.05),but was correlated negatively with CD4 + CD25 + FoxP3 + level(all P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions The high level expression of Tim-3 mRNA in asthmatic children participated in the airway inflammation,which is associated with IL-6,and animal experiments indicating that Tim-3 is closely related with the imbalance of Th1 7/Treg,indicated that Tim-3 may play a certain role in asthma.

AIM: To develop micellar electrokinetic capilitary chromatography. A method MECC for the separation of major phospholipid from bear gall. METHODS: Following the optimization experiments the MECC was applied to the separation with the 35 m MSDC, 6 mM sodium tetraborate, 10 mM disodium hydrogen phosphate, 30% (v/v) 1-propanol, and pH 8.5 as buffer system. The voltage was 30 kV. the temperature was set at 40 (?C). The capillary length was 570 mm with the effective one of 500 mm. Injection pressure was 50 mbar?4 s and UV detection wavelength was at 200 nm. RESULTS: The separation of phospholipid in bear gall was achieved in the method developed. CONCLUSION: The method is fast, effective and complementary to the HPLC.

Objective To compare diffenrent amounts of the glycyrrhizic acid extracted by two methods-decoct method and Ammonia-water method.Methods The best extraction conditions including amount of affusion water and solvent,extraction time,boiling time,crash time,vibrating time and concentration of ammonia were choosed by orthogonal design.Amounts of the glycyrrhizic acid were determined by ultraviolet spectrophotometry at 252 nm wavelengh.Result The best extraction conditions from decoct method were that amount of affusion wate was 200 mL,extract 2 times,boiling time was 5 min,crash time was 20 s.The best extraction conditions from Ammonia-water method were that amount of 0.4% ammonia was 200 mL,vibrating time was 2 h,extract 2 times.The extraction rate of Ammonia-water method was 32%,and the extraction rate of decoct method was 26%.Conclusion For glycyrrhizic acid extraction and purity,Ammonia-water has superior efficient than decoct method at the best conditions.

The gastrointestinal tract harbors a complex microbiota,which contains almost 30 genera,400 to 500 species.The factors influencing human intestinal microbiota include host and environmental ones,with the most important environmental factor being diet.Dietary fiber,fat,and protein have different impact on gastrointestinal microbiota and the microbiota in turn plays an important role in maintaining health.Its variation can lead to many diseases.Knowledge of the interaction between diet and gastrointestinal microbiota may be conducive to reaching a better understanding of some diseases,and to discovering better preventive and therapeutic strategies.

Objective To study the effect of Shenqi Fuzheng injection on immune function and quality of life in patients with advanced gastric cancer.Methods 100 Patients with advanced gastric cancer treated from July 2014 to April 2017 in our hospital were randomly divided into two groups.The patients in the control group were treated with conventional FOLTOX regimen.The patients in the experimental group received Shenqi Fuzheng injection.The immunological function and quality of life of the two groups were analyzed and analyzed.Results Compared with the control group, the content of CD3+ was significantly improved in the patients treated with Shenqi Fuzheng Injection, the content of CD8+ was effectively decreased and the CD4+ / CD8+ ratio was effectively improved.Shenqi Fuzheng injection can effectively improve the immune function of patients, the difference was statistically significant(P<0.01).The number of patients in the treatment group was 39, and the control group was 26, the difference was statistically significant(x2 =7.43, P<0.01).There were 40 patients with sleep improvement in the treatment group and 25 patients in the control group, the difference was statistically significant(x2 =9.89, P<0.01).Conclusion Applying Shenqi Fuzheng Injection on FOLTOX can effectively improve the immunity of patients and improve the quality of life.Shenqi Fuzheng injection in clinical worthy of promotion.

Objective To study the curative efficacy of dydrogesterone in treatment of Climacteric syndrome and its effects on sex hormone, blood fat.Methods104 patients of Climacteric syndrome who received therapy from February 2014 to November 2016 in our hospital were selected as research objects, according to different divided into observation group and control group, treatment group used to bend progesterone therapy, the control group using a placebo.one month after treatment to observe the two groups of clinical curative effect, compare two groups before and after the treatment and testing level of estradiol (E2), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH), luteinizing hormone (LH),total cholesterol (TC), triglyceride (TG), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), high density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C).ResultsAfter treatment, the clinical total effective rate in the two groups to compare have no significant difference;Compared with before treatment, the control group in estrogen level and blood lipid levels in patients with no significant change, the observation group of patients with E2 and HDL-C level increased significantly, and significantly higher than the control group (P<0.05);FSH, LH, TC, TG, LDL levels significantly decreased, and significantly lower than the control group (P<0.05).ConclusionUsing of dydrogesterone short time the clinical curative effect of treatment of menopausal syndrome with placebo, but can effectively improve patient sex hormone levels, adjust blood lipid levels, to reduce the incidence of cardiovascular disease (CVD) patients, improve their quality of life.