Objective To explore the causes of nosocomial infections in ICU as to provide scientific evidence for the corresponding intervention measures.Methods The retrospective survey was used to investigate and analyze the incidence of nosocomial infections in ICU from 2013 to 2014.Results The total of 1225 patients investigated,182 patients suffered from nosocomial infections and the nosocomial infections rate was 14.86％.The etiology of ICU specimen was 95.22％.Gram negative bacilli,Gram positive bacteria and fungi,which accounted for 69.16％,18.22％ and 12.62％ respectively.The main infection site were respiratory tract,blood and urinary tract,which accounted for 70.43％,11.30％ and 4.78％ respectively.Conclusion The hospital infection rate of ICU in our hospital is kept the same level of the hospital in the same area.Etiology specimens rate comply with national standards.Main pathogens are gram negative bacilli,and the main site of infection is respiratory.

Objective To explore the protective effect of portal vein administration of propofol on hepatic ischemia reperfusion injury(HIRI) and its mechanism.Methods Thirty-two male rabbits were randomly allocated into four groups:Group A(sham operation group),the abdomen was only opened and closed;group B,the hepatic inflow was occluded for 30 min,and reperfused for 60 min;group C,the same managment as group B + propofol injected through jugular vein;group D,the treatment same as group B + propofol injected through portal vein.Drug injection was completed 20 min before hepatic inflow occlusion.Serum ALT and AST,and endothelin-1(ET-1) and nitric oxide(NO)in the hepatic tissue and blood,and the content of ATP in hepatic tissue were determined.Results The level of ET-1 in plasma and hepatic tissue was significantly increased in group B compared to group C and D(P

Objective To measure the effect of tetrandrineon (Tet) on inflammatory mediators and endogenous neural stem cell proliferation after spinal cord injury (SCI) in rats.Methods A total of 162 Wistar rats were separated into injury group,Tet group and sham operation group according to the random number table,with 54 rats per group.Allen' s method was used for induction of experimental SCI.Animals in Tet group were given Tet (22.5 mg/kg) through the tail vein at 30 min,24 h and 48 h postinjury.The same volume of normal saline was given to other two groups.Spinal cord tissue samples were taken from the rats after injury to measure levels of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α,interleukin (IL)-1 β and IL-10,and tissues were examined with HE staining and Nestin immunohistochemistry staining.Results Levels of TNF-α,IL-1 βand IL-10 in injury and Tet groups increased compared to these in sham operation group at 6 h,12 h,1 d,3 d,5 d and 1 week postinjury (P ＜ 0.05).At the same time point,level of IL-10 was higher in Tet group than in injury group,but inversely for TNF-α and IL-1 β (P ＜ 0.05).More Nestin-positive cells were present in injury and Tet groups than in sham operation group at 1 d,3 d,1 week,2 week,3 week and 4 week postinjury (P ＜ 0.05).Additionally,more Nestin-positive cells were found in Tet group than in injury group at 1 d,3 d,1 week,2 week and 3 week postinjury (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion Tet is effective to relieve inflammatory reaction,increase neural stem cell number and promote neurological recovery after SCI.

Objective To investigate the differences of regional homogeneity(ReHo) in depressed patients with vary degrees of anxiety using resting-state function MRI,and the relationship vary degrees of anxiety symptoms.Methods 10 depressed patients with scores less than 1 in anxiety/somatization factor of Hamilton depression scale,10 depressed patients with scores above 2,and 10 age-,gender-,education-matched healthy controls were underwent resting-state fMRI scanning at 3.0 Tesla.Correlation analysis between ReHo with significant differences level of brain region and the total score of Hamilton depression scale,and anxiety/somatization factor were underwent respectively.Results The brain regions with significant difference level among three groups were the left posterior cerebellum(-39,-77,-29 ; K =15),the left angular gyrus (-56,-63,22 ; K =13) and the left anterior cingulate (-3,22,29 ; K =19) (P ＜ 0.05,Alphasim) ; compared with healthy group,the mild anxiety group showed significantly decreased ReHo in the left posterior cerebellum,and increased ReHo in the left anterior cingulate; the moderate and severe anxiety group showed significantly decreased ReHo in the left posterior cerebellum,and increased ReHo in the left anterior cingulate and the left angular gyrus; no significant differences were found in patient groups.In the mild anxiety group,the left anterior cingulate positively correlated with the anxiety severity(r=0.646,P=0.043),and in the severe anxiety group positively correlated with the somatic anxiety(r =0.693,P=0.038).Conclusion Depressed patients showed abnormal neural activity in resting state,and the degree of abnormality is associated with clinical anxiety/somatization symptoms.

Objective To study the relationship between a CAG repeat polymorphism of the androgen receptor (AR) gene and postmenopausal osteoporosis (PMO). Methods Genotypes for the AR polymorphisrn were determined by gene scan and DNA sequence methods in a case-control study,including 78 cases of PMO at femoral neck and 73 cases as controls, and 108 cases of PMO at lumbar spine (L2-4) and 60 cases as controls. Bone mineral density for the proximal femur and L2-4 was measured by NORLAND XR-46 dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry. The relationship between the CAG repeat polymorphism and PMO was investigated. Results Eleven different allelic variants,containing 18, 20, 21, 23, 24, 25, 26, 27, 28, 29, and 30 CAG repeats were detected, 16 genotypes were present in the subjects. There were no significant differences in the genotype and allele distributions of (CAG) n polymorphism between PMO group (SS : 25.6 %, SL : 39.7%, LL : 34.6 % ;S:45.5%,L:54.5%) and control group (SS: 23.3%,SL=45.2% ,LL:31.5%;S:45.9%,L:54.1%) at the femoral neck site (all P＞0.05). The risk of PMO at femoral neck in females with the genotypes of SL (0R:0.798,95%CI:0.335～1.797), the LL (0R:0.998,95%CI:0.425～2.341), and the combined SL and LL (OR:0.880, 95% CI: 0.419～1.852) were not significantly increased in comparison with those of females with the SS genotype (all P＞0.05). There were no significant differences in the genotype and allele distributions of (CAG)n polymorphism between PMO group(SS: 18.5%, SL: 49.1%, LL: 32.4%;S:43.1%, L: 56.9%) and control group (SS: 21.7%, SL:45.0% ,LL:33.3% ;S:44.2% ,L:55.8%) at the L2-4 site (P＞0. 05). The risk of PMO at L2-4 in females with the genotypes of SL (OR:1. 276,95%CI:0. 552～2. 950), the LL (OR:1. 137,95%CI:0.468～2.766), and the combined SL and LL (OR: 1. 217,95% CI: 0. 556 ～2. 663 ) were not significantly increased in comparison with those of females with the SS genotype (all P＞0.05). After adjustments for age, postmenopausal period, menopausal age, and body mass index, the logistic regression analyses revealed the (CAG)n polymorphism was not significantly associated with PMO at the femoral neck and L2-4 site (all P＞0.05). Conclusions The CAG repeat polymorphism in the AR gene may not be associated with PMO at the femoral neck and L2-4 site.

Objective: To investigate the prevalence of affective disorder in Kunming City. Methods: A rep-resentative sample of the Kunming general population composed of 5033 individuals aged 15 years and older was se-lecteed randomly by the method of probability proportional to size (PPS), and then was interviewed with the World Health Organization Composite International Diagnostic Interview Version 2.1 (CIDI, version 2.1).The preva-lence of affective disorder was investigated. And the relative factors, onset age and comorbid were also analyzed. Results: The 30-duy prevalence of affective disorder was 0.98%, the 12-month prevalence was 1.22%,and the lifetime prevalence was 1.89%. The results of the single factor analysis showed that the urban residents, the persons who divorced, limited divorced or lost one's spouse, and the unemployed or the higher educated were more vulnerable to depression. The results of the multifactor analysis showed that the rural residents and the males were protective factors to affective disorder. Different subunits of affective disorder had different onset ages. The onset age of 90% bipolar disorder patients was before 25 years old. The patients before 50 years old was risky to dysthy-mia. The patients with major depression had a lifetime risk of onset. Anxiety disorder and pain disorder would in-crease the risk of affective disorder. Conclusion: The findings show that the prevalence of the affective disorder is lower than the same kind survey abroad while it is close to the domestic's. More attention and intervention should been given to the urban population, the females, the singles, the unemployed, and the higher educationed.

DNA barcoding is a technique in which species identification and discovery are performed by using short and standard fragments of DNA sequences. In this study, eleven species of Paris, including seven varieties, were sampled. Five chloroplast sequences, psbA-trnH, rpoB, rpoC1, rbcL, matK, and one nuclear marker, the second internal transcribed spacer (ITS2) of ribosomal DNA, were amplified and sequenced. The PCR amplification and sequencing efficiency, intra- and inter-specific divergence and barcoding gap were used to evaluate different loci, and the identification efficiency was assessed using BLAST1 and Nearest Distance methods. The ITS2 sequences in the studied samples of Paris were amplified and sequenced successfully using primers designed by our group, while matK showed low level in the amplification and psbA-trnH was difficult for sequencing because of over 800 bp and poly (A) structure. Analysis of the intra- and inter-specific divergence and barcoding gap showed ITS2 was superior to other loci. The ITS2 showed a much higher percentage of success (100%) in identification than other five loci, none of which indicated more than 50% except matK (52.9%). The 2-locus combination of rbcL+matK didn't improve ability of authentication. In addition, the rate of successful identification with ITS2 kept 100% when the samples were expanded to 67 samples of 29 species. In conclusion, ITS2 can be used to correctly identify medicinal plants of Paris, and it will be a potential DNA barcode for identifying medicinal plants of other taxa.

Hepatitis, Viral, Human ; drug therapy ; Humans ; Prostaglandins E ; therapeutic use ; Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic ; Research Design

Objective: To investigate the alteration of bcl- 2 gene family in the rat brain and the molecular mechanism of neuronal apoptosis following traumatic brain injury. Methods: Male Sprague -Dawley rats were subjected to lateral fluid percussion brain injury(FPI) of mo derate severity. Bcl-2, Bcl-x and Bax protein expression was detected by immun ohistochemistry. Results: (1) The immunoreactivity of Bcl-2 and Bcl-x protein decreased in the hippocampus ipsilateral impact site as early as 6 h post-injury, and this was the main cause of down-regulation of the ratio of Bcl-2+Bcl-x to Bax. (2) During 1-3 d after injury, the Bax protein express i on increased significantly, while the Bcl-2 and Bcl-x protein expression decre ased relatively slow. The decreased ratio of Bcl-2+Bcl-x to Bax was mainly due to the Bax up-regulation. Conclusion: The bcl-2 gene family is involved in neuronal apoptosis after FBI, and the protein expression alteration of the family members leads the neuronal cell to apoptosis.

Objective To investigate neuroprotective effect of AM-36 on secondary brain injury following traumatic brain injury(TBI)in rats.Methods A total of 38 male Sprague-Dawley rats were divided into an experimental group,a control group and a sham operation group,then sustained to moder- ate TBI.AM-36(0.1 ml/100 g)was administered intraperitoneally in the experimental group and isoton- ic saline solution was administered intraperitoneally in the control and the sham operation groups at 30 mi- nutes,24 and 48 hours after TBI,respectively.The brain water content was determined at 24 hours after TBI.Rats were sacrificed by decapitation at 24 hours or one week after TBI for observing histological changes in peripheral cortex,thalamus and hippocampus by means of Hematoxylin and Eosin staining and Fluoro-Jade(F-J)staining.Results The brain water content of bilateral hemispheres 24 hours after TBI in the experimental group was significantly decreased,compared to that of the control group.Histo- logical examination revealed less degenerating neurons(F-J positive neurons)in the cortex,thalamus, CAI and CA3 of the hippocampus in AM-36 treated rats 24 hours and one week after injury(P＜0.05). Conclusion Systemic administration of AM-36 at the early stage after TBI can decrease brain water content and exert neuroprotective effect on TBI.F-J staining can be used for histopathologic quantitation of neuronal damage,for it can accurately exhibit pathologic changes following TBI induced by fluid per- cussion.