0.05). Conclusions Autop-hagy/lysosomal pathway was activated immediately after recurrent seizures as indicated by the elevated expression of Beclin1 in cerebral cortex. 3-MA was involved in the regulation of autophagy/lysosomal pathway by down-regulating the expression of Beclin1.

ted in a dose-dependent manner (P<0.01). Conclusion Quercetin can significantly inhibit the proliferation of HeLa cells, which may be induced apoptosis of cervical cancer cells via the Ca2+-dependent mitochondrial apoptosis pathway.

One hundred and ninety-three patients undergoing transvaginal hysterectomy for cicatrix uterus (study group), 200 patients receiving transabdominal hysterectomy for cicatrix uterus (control group Ⅰ), and 200 patients having transvaginal hysterectomy for non-prolapsed uterus (control group Ⅱ) were retrospectively analyzed. In comparison with the control group Ⅰ, the study group showed a significantly reduced operation time and the average volume of blood loss (P < 0.01). Moreover, patients in the study group had shorter postoperative recovery time (P < 0.01) . The incidence of postoperative fever was decreased in the study group. There was no significant difference in complications of the vaginal wound between the three groups (P 0.05). This investigation demonstrates that transvaginal hysterectomy might be feasible and safe in removing cicatrix non-prolapsed uterus.

BACKGROUND: Tooth intrusion easily leads to root resorption. Previous studies regarding orthodontic treatment-caused tooth root resorption or retrospective clinical studies based on X-ray films have great errors in outcome evaluation because of intrusion force which cannot be precisely controlled. OBJECTIVE: This study established dog models of mini-implant anchorage for incisor intrusion to observe the histological changes of tooth root and periodontal tissue and to evaluate the feasibility and safety of mini-implant anchorage for incisor intrusion. METHODS: Nine dogs were assigned to one control group (n = 1) and four experimental groups per time to sacrifice (1, 2, 4 and 12 weeks; n = 2 dogs for each experimental group). No force was added to the control group. In the experimental groups, mini-implant as an anchorage was placed in the buccal alveoli between maxillary second and third incisors on each side. A traction force of 100 g was imposed to each side to intrude the maxillary first and second incisors on each side. At 1, 2, 3, and 4 weeks (traction force was imposed for 4 weeks and after withdrawal of extraction force, mini-implant was retained in place for 8 weeks), dogs were sacrificed. The first and second incisors together with gingival and alveolar bone were completely resected to prepare histological specimens. Following hematoxylin-eosin staining, histological changes of tooth root and periodontal tissue were observed. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Compared with the control group, in the 1-week group, histological changes were primarily at the root tip and alveolar ridge crest, alveolar bone and cementum were absorbed and peridental membrane presented glassy degeneration in local region; in the 2-week group, bone resorption degree and range were obviously enlarged, and bone resorption developed from root tip, root middle part to cervical part; in the 4-week group, bone resorption was still active and the glassy degeneration of peridental membrane disappeared; in the 12-week group, significant improvement in alveolar bone and cemental surface was observed, bone lacuna had deposition of newly formed bone, and peridental membrane was orderly arranged. These findings reveal that in the mini-implant anchorage for dog incisor intrusion, early histological changes primarily appear in the root tip and alveolar ridge crest, presenting as alveolar bone and cemental resorption and the glassy degeneration of the peridental membrane. Bone resorption extent and range expand with the persistence of traction force. After withdrawal of traction force, tooth root and periodontal tissue were gradually repaired

Objective To evaluate the effect of methylprednisolone on hepatic ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury in the patients undergoing hepatolobectomy.Methods Sixty ASA physical status Ⅱ or Ⅲ patients,aged 30-64 yr,weighing 45-75 kg,scheduled for elective hepatolobectomy,were randomized to control group or methylprednisolone group (n =30 each).After induction of anesthesia,methylprednisolone 500 mg (in 100 ml of normal saline) was infused intravenously at 5 ml/min before skin incision in group M.Anesthesia was induced with propofol,fentanyl and cisatracurium.The patients were endotracheally intubated and mechanically ventilated.PETCO2 was maintained at 35-45 mmHg.Anesthesia was maintained with 1％-3％ sevoflurane inhalation,remifentanil infusion,and intermittent iv boluses of fentanyl and cisatracurium.MAP was maintained at 70-100 mmHg and HR at 50-90 bpm.At 10 min before induction of anesthesia,and on postoperative day 1,3 and 5,venous blood samples were collected for determination of the plasma levels of alanine aminotransferase (ALT),aspartate amminotransferase (AST),total bilirubin (TBIL),tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and interleukin-6 (IL-6).Results Compared with group C,the plasma levels of ALT,AST and TBIL were significantly decreased on postoperative day l and 3,and the plasma concentrations of TNF-α and IL-6 were decreased on postoperative day 1,3 and 5 in group M.Conclusion Methylprednisolone can reduce hepatic I/R injury in the patients undergoing hepatolobectomy and inhibition of systemic inflammatory responses is involved in the mechanism.

Objective To investigate the diagnosis,treatment and prognosis of isolated epidural hematoma (EDH) in children.Methods Clinical data of 83 children,45 males and 38 females (at age of 0.7-14 years),with EDH treated between January 2012 and October 2014 were retrospectively reviewed.Slipping and falling were the most commonly causes of injury.While motor-vehicle accident was noted with increased age.In 16 patients lesion of hematoma was frontal,in 28 patients temporal,in 13 patients parietal,in 9 patients occipital and in 17 patients posterior fossa.Results Of the 28 patients treated surgically,the outcome evaluated using the Glasgow Outcome Score (GOS) was good in 22 patients,mild disability in 2,moderate and severe disability in 1 and death in 3 (one died of venous sinus rupture and one large area infarction).Of the 55 patients treated conservatively,the outcome was good in 52 patients,mild disability in 1,and death in 2 (both presented with bilateral cerebral hernia on admission and one of them was unable to breath spontaneously).Conclusions Overall prognosis of the patients with isolated EDH in children is excellent.Complications of venous sinus rupture,foramen magnum hernia and large area cerebral infarction may contribute to poor prognosis.

Objective To evaluate the value of intraduetal ultrasonography (IDUS) in diagnosing biliary and pancreatic disorders. Methods The findings by endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography (ERCP) and IDUS from 19 patients with suspected biliary and pancreatic disorders from July 2006 to August 2007 in our hospital were analyzed retrospectively. Results Of the 19 patients, 17 had obstructive jaundice (including 6 eases of cholangiocarcinoma, 2 pancreatic adenocareinoma, 2 gallbladder carcinoma, 2 chole-docholithiasis with bile duct stricture, 2 autoimmune pancreatitis, 1 papillary adenocarcinoma, 1 papillary adenoma, and 1 sclerosing cholangitis) and 2 intraduetal papillary mueinous tumor (IPMT). The diagnosis was confirmed by surgery and pathological findings in 11 patients. The diagnostic accuracy of ERCP and IDUS was 73. 7% (14/19) and 84. 2% (16/19), respectively, and that of ERCP combined with IDUS was 89. 5% (17/19). The sensitivity and specificity of ERCP to differentiate benign bile duct strictures from ma-lignant ones were 100. 0% (11/11) and 83.3% (5/6), respectively; and those of IDUS were 100. 0%(11/11) and 100. 0% (6/6), respectively. The sensitivity and specificity of ERCP in diagnosing cholan-gioeareinoma were 83.3% (5/6) and 60% (3/5), respectively; and those of IDUS were 100. 0% (6/6) and 40. 0% (2/5), respectively. Conclusion Combination of ERCP with IDUS can improve the diagnostic accuracy of pancreaticobiliary disorders. Additionally, IDUS shows higher sensitivity and specificity in differ-entiation between benign and malignant bile duct strictures, but it is still difficult to identify the etiologic factors of malignant bile duet strictures by IDUS.

Objective To evaluate the value of volume rendering technique of MSCT in the diagnosis of pediatric pectus carinatum. Methods MSCT data of 36 children with pectus carinatum were collected.Volume rendering and multiplanar reformation recon-struction techniques were adopted at a postprocessing station.Results There were 35 cases of chondrogladiolar variant and 1 case of chondromanubrial variant,27 cases were symmetric and other 9 cases were asymmetric.VR technique clearly demonstrated the abnormal changes of sternum,costae and costal cartilages.Conclusion VR technique of MSCT can fully display the three-dimension morpho-logical changes of pediatric pectus carinatum,which can supply accurate information for minimally invasive treatment procedure.

Objective To discuss the blockage reasons and countermeasures of temporary catheter in central venous including femoral vein and internal jugular vein for hemodialysis patients.Methods The reasons of blockage of temporary catheter in central venous among 60 hemodialysis patients from January 2014 to September 2015 in Hemodialysis Room of the First People's Hospital of Longquanyi district of Chengdu were reviewed.There were 32 cases in femoral vein and 28 cases in the right internal jugular vein.The incidence of blockage of the two temporary catheter in the first two weeks,the incidence of blockage caused by mechanical factors and blood clots or fibrous sheath and the incidence of blockage which needed to change the catheter in the two groups patients within the first two months were analyzed.Results The first rate of defective function in the first two weeks of femoral vein group was 53.13％(17/32),and 7.14％(2/28) of the right internal jugular vein group,there were significant difference between the two groups (x2=13.061,P＜0.001).The incidence of catheter blockage due to mechanical factors of femoral vein group was 96.88％ (31/32),and 53.57％ (15/28) of the right internal jugular vein,there were significant difference between the two groups (x2 =15.654,P＜0.001).The incidence of blockage caused by blood clots or fibrous sheath and the incidence of blockage which needed to change the catheter in the first two months were no significant differences between the two groups(P=0.061,0.096).Conclusion The cases of temporary catheter in femoral vein have blockage earlier,and they have a higher risk of catheter jam than the cases of temporary catheter in right internal jugular vein.

Objective To study the pattern of cerebral gray matter and white matter volume changes among smokers with differ-ent level of nicotine dependence (addition)using voxel-based morphometry (VBM).Methods The current case-control study recrui-ted 53 healthy male smokers and 53 healthy non-smokers from outpatients of our hospital during January 2013 to May 2014.Personal information (including for example age,sex and addition dependence of subjects)was collected using a questionnaire.3D-T1 images of whole brain structure were collected and were analyzed using DARTEL toolbox of SPM8.Smokers were divided into mild to mod-erate nicotine dependence group (n=23)and severe nicotine dependence group (n=30)based on Fagerstr?m Test for Nicotine De-pendence (FTND)score.Independent sample t-test analyses were performed to compare the volumes of gray matter and white mat-ter between smokers with different levels of nicotine dependence and non-smokers.Results Compared with non-smokers,gray and white matter volumes of smokers were smaller in multiple brain areas,mainly in the middle occipital gyrus,posterior cingulate,cer-ebellum anterior lobe,precuneus,caudate body and insula,which however,had larger number and scope of focal areas with gray and white matter atrophy in the mild to moderate nicotine dependence group than that in the severe nicotine dependence group.Conclusion Smokers with mild to moderate nicotine dependence have more pronounced gray and white matter atrophy than that smokers with severe nicotine dependence have.