Neferine, an alkaloid, isolated form Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn,has antiarrhytbmic effect. The present report deals with its action on the ECG in rat & the surface potential of toad sciatic nerve.Neferine could prolong ECG, P-R & Q-T intervals, and widen QRS in a dose-dependent manner, The effects are similar to quini-dine, and dissimilar to tetrandrine. The inhibitory effects of neferine & quinidine on the surface potential of toad sciatic nerve are similar in potency.

Objective To construct a phage antibody Fab library of human antinuclear antibody. Methods Total RNA was extracted from peripheral blood lymphocytes of 4 patients suffering from autoallergic disease, with antinuclear IgG antibody titers in the serum higher than 1∶10 000 as estimated by indirect immunofluorescence technique. Taking oligo-dT as the primers, human immunoglobulin light chains ?/? genes as well as heavy chains Fd genes were reversely transcribed to cDNA by PCR. The ?/? light chains were initially cloned into pComb3Hss vector to construct a human recombinant light chain library, and the heavy chain genes were subsequently inserted into the corresponding sites of ?/?-pComb3Hss plasmid to generate a recombinant ?/?-Fd-pComb3Hss plasmid. The plasmid was then transformed into E. coli XL1-Blue, which was subsequently infected by the helper phage M13KO7. A random recombinant antibody library was expressed on the surface of filamentous phage. Results Human immunoglobulin ?/? light chain and heavy chain Fd genes (660bp) were amplified successfully. The light chain library with the capacity size of 2?104, and the human recombinant Fab antibody library with the capacity size of 4?104 were also successfully obtained. Finally, the phage antibody library of the Fab fragment of human antinuclear antibody, containing 2?109 CFU/ml phage, was constructed. Conclusion A phage antibody library of Fab fragment of human antinuclear antibody is constructed successfully. This research lays a foundation for the preparation for phage library of Fab fragment of human antinuclear antibody, and also paves the way for the advanced assessment for its effect on the immuno-targeting therapy of tumors.

Objective TO investigate the application of Nutritional Risk Screening 2002 (NRS 2002) and nutrition support in critically ill patients.Methods Totally 172 adult critically ill patients with a hospital stay equal to or above 3 days were consecutively enrolled from a Beijing-hospital from September 2011 to December 2011.Nutrition support was evaluated on a daily basis.NRS 2002,body mass index (BMI),and Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evalnation Ⅱ (APACHE Ⅱ) were applied to assess the nutritional risks and nutrition status within 24 hours after admission.Results Among all the patients,the rates of nutrition support were 39.5％ and 67.9％ on the 1st and 7th day respectively.The rate of parenteral nutrition (33.6％ ～ 39.5％) was higher than that of enteral nutrition (4.1％ ～ 16.0％).NRS 2002,APACHE Ⅱ score,and BMI showed that 160 patients (93.0％) required nutrition support,but only 103 patients (64.4％) actually received nutrition support,among whom 92 (89.3％) were supplied with nutrition support within 3 days after admission.Conclusions The application of nutrition support in critically ill patients is insufficient in this hospital.Nutrition support is typically provided within 3 days after admission.Parenteral nutrition remains the most common type of nutrition support.

Objective To probe the differences and similarities of clinical feature between alcoholic and biliary chronic pancreatitis (CP) and their therapy. Methods Retrospective analysis of the clinical features was made in 110 cases of CP in Peking Union Medical College Hospital from 1991 to 2000. Results ① In 110 cases of CP, the clinical manifestations were abdominal pain (85.4%), diarrhea (22.7%), calcification of pancreas (13.6%), and pseudocyst of pancreas (28.2%); 3 cases (2.7%) complicated with pancreatic carcinoma. ② The frequency of the different kind of clinical manifestations in alcoholic CP was higher than in biliary CP.③The frequency of diarrhea (29.1%),diabetes mellitus (41.9%) and calcification of pancreas (22.6%) in alcoholic CP was also higher than in those caused by bile duct system diseases (16.7%, 19.1% and 9.5%).④The response rate of medical treatment was 81.2%. Conclusions The clinical features and complications are more typical and occur earlier in alcoholic CP than those in biliary CP. With regard to management, medical treatment is less used than surgical therapy.

The ethical problems had directly affected the applying and development of organ transplantation.The serious shortage of donors restricted this technique deeply.The analysis on the ethical and moral problem about organ transplantation had been performed from ethical angel.It was proposed that implementation of brain-death legislation,setting up the newly ethical conception and prohibiting the organ business.Voluntary contribution was the first ethical principle in the source of the donor.Medical principles and social standards should be taken into account on the problem of acceptor selection.

Objective To evaluate the effectiveness of training management applying character color theory in patients with peritoneal dialysis on the compliance and dialysis effect. Methods Of 95 patients undergoing catherization for peritoneal dialysis from January 2013 to May 2014 in the peritoneal dialysis center,72 patients accepted character color psychological questionnaire designed by Le Jia for character color analysis.72 patients were divided into matched control group and experimental group according to their choice with red, yellow, blue, green character color, 36 cases in each group. The control group adopted the traditional training way of accepting 7 days′training course teached by the professional nursers,one follow- up management each month. According to the difference of character color,the experimental group were given different education training courses, interactive learning, and follow- up time. After 6 months′follow- up, the two groups adopted peritoneal dialysis self management behavior questionnaire designed by Liu Pengfeng and self- efficacy scale designed by education research center for chronic disease in Amercian Stanford University. The score of self management ability and self- efficacy and the change of load capacity, blood pressure, dialysis adequacy and biochemical indicators of the two groups were analyzed. Results In the control group and experimental group,the score of self management ability and self- efficacy and the level of dialysis adequacy were statistically significant, respectively, (5.64±1.57) points vs. (6.75±1.32) points;(5.22±1.48) points vs. (6.69±1.43) points; 1.64±1.64 vs 1.85±0.13.Z and P values were respectively -2.969, -3.828, -6.361, and 0.003, 0.000, 0.000.Edema happened in the control group was 24 cases, and 11 cases in the experimental group. P and χ2 values were 0.013 and 10.017.Systolic blood pressure and di-astolic blood pressure were respectively (147.78±15.69) mmHg (1 mmHg=0.133 kPa) vs.(135.39±9.01) mmHg,(95.86±7.50) mmHg vs. (83.94±7.46) mmHg in the two groups. Z and P values were respectively -3.843, -5.666, and 0.000, 0.000.There was significant difference between the experimental group and control group. Conclusion The education and training applying character color feature in patients with peri-toneal dialysis can mobilize the initiative of self management, improve the patients' self- care competency and self-efficacy, enhance patients′compliance, that can improve the effect of peritoneal dialysis.

The hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common malignant tumors.Patients with hepatobiliary cancer suffer from multiple symptoms,such as physical symptoms and psychology symptoms.In recent years,along with the further research of symptoms,the concept of symptom clusters occurred.Those two issues have always been the hot topics in recent years.Through the efforts of experts at home and abroad,there has been a part of progress in this area.However,the results are not the same.There are lots of disputes in the numbers、sequence、incidences of the symptom clusters.The paper will discuss this issue from symptom experience and symptom clusters in order to provide the reference and basis for symptom management.

Objective To observe the prognosis and correlated factors of cystoid macular edema (CME) secondary to uveitis.Methods A retrospective,noncomparative case series study.The clinical data of 31 uveitis patients with CME were collected from Uveitis & Ocular Immunology Service of Tianjin Medical University Eye Hospital from August 2011 to December 2015.Pre-treatment and post-treatment data were collected,including details of best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA),central macular thickness (CMT),other macular complications,and intraocular pressure (IOP).Results Twenty-seven patients (36 eyes) were analyzed.At the 1 st month after treatment,complete resolution of CME was achieved in 14 eyes (38.9％),BCVA increased from (0.66 ±0.36) LogMAR at baseline to (0.40 ±0.31) LogMAR (P ＜0.001),and CMT decreased from (469.0 ± 99.1) μm at baseline to (368.7 ± 85.9) μm (P ＜ 0.001).At the 3rd month after treatment,complete resolution of CME was found in 19 eyes (52.8％),no significant difference was found in CMT(323.9 ±60.0) μm or BCVA(0.37 ±0.32)LogMAR compared with the 1 st month after treatment (P ＞ 0.05),significant difference was found in CMT(P ＜0.001) or BCVA(P ＜0.001) before the start of treatment.At the 6th month or more after treatment,complete resolution of CME occurred in 25 eyes (69.4％),BCVA(0.32 ± 0.28)LogMAR was significant difference compared with that before the start of treatment(P ＜ 0.05),at the 1st month(P ＜ 0.05),at the 3rd month (P ＜ 0.05).CMT (294.2 ± 81.2) μm was significant difference compared with that before the start of treatment(P ＜0.001),at the 1st month(P ＜0.001),however,no significant difference was compared with that at the 3rd month (P ＞ 0.05).At the 6th month or more after treatment,11 eyes (30.6％) had a persistent macular edema,complicated with macular epiretinal membrane,no significant correlation between the reduction of CMT(185.0 ± 114.2) μm and the improvement of BCVA (0.29 ± 0.21) LogMAR was found (r =0.322,P=0.052),while the improvement of BCVA(0.29 ± 0.21)LogMAR was negatively associated with the duration of CME(8.4 ±9.8)months(r =-0.395,P =0.015).Conclusion Current therapies are effective in curing most of the CME secondary to uveitis.The duration of CME,is correlated with poor final visual acuity,the presence of ERM is an important factor associated with regression of CME.

Objective To investigate the efficiency and mechanism of differentiation of reprogrammed adipose-derived stem cells (ADSCs) to neurons in vitro.Methods ADSCs from rats were cultured in vitro and then purified and identified.ADSCs at the third passage were divided into three groups:ADSCs without lentivirus-mediated gene transfection (blank group),ADSCs transfected with lentivirus carrying no neurogenin2 (Ngn2) (empty virus group) and ADSCs with lentivirus-mediated transfection of Ngn2 (Ngn2 group).All groups were induced in the medium containing cell growth factor for 15 days.The positive expression of neuron-specific nuclear protein (NeuN) in three groups was detected using immunofluorescence method so as to observe the efficiency of neuron differentiation.Expression variances of Mash1,Hes1 and Dll1 in each group were detected by Western blot analysis and the mechanism of differentiation was also discussed.Results After 15 days of induction,positive expression rate of NeuN in Ngn2 group,empty virus group,blank group was 90.12％,45.34％ and 40.26％ respectively,with significant differences among groups (P ＜ 0.01).Western blot analysis showed that Ngn2 group had a significantly higher expression of Dll1 (P ＜0.01) and obvious lower expressions of Hes1 and Mash1 (P ＜0.01),as compared with empty virus group and blank group.However,there were no significant differences of expression levels of Dll1,Mash1 and Hes1 between empty virus group and blank group (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusions After induction,the ratio of neuron differentiation of reprogrammed ADSCs is increased by almost 99％,as compared with simple ADSCs.The increased dfferentiation of reprogrammedADSCs to neurons may be associated with the inhibition of notch signaling through up-regulating Dll1 and down-regulating Mash1 and Hesl.

Aim To observe the influences of ginsenoside Rg1 on the spontaneous contraction of small intestine smooth muscle of rabbits in vitro and explore the mechanism.Methods With the isothermal perfusion of small intestine in vitro,the influences of ginsenoside Rg1 on the spontaneous contraction of small intestine was observed and the mechanism of ginsenoside Rg1 was studied.Results Ginsenoside Rg1 reduced the amplitude of contraction of small intestine smooth muscle in rabbits in a dose-depended manner.Bay K8644 and nitro-L-arginine methylester(L-NAME)could completely block the inhibition of ginsenoside Rg1 on the contraction of small intestine smooth muscle.Ginsenoside Rg1 inhibited the intracellular calcium-depended contraction induced by rynodine in the Ca2+ free Tyrode's solution.Conclusions Ginsenoside Rg1 inhibits the contraction of small intestine smooth muscle of rabbits in vitro.The mechanism may be related to increase NO concentration in small intestine smooth muscle so that it inhibits extracellular Ca2+ inflowing via cell membrane and intracellular Ca2+ releasing via sarcoplasmic reticulum.